DUKE 

UNIVERSITY 


- \A/* i;'e.  I (1^  / i-4.»-»'<S-  t 9-^  O t I J 


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in  2016  with  funding  from 
Duke  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/historyofgovernm01kerr 


GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  BUILDING,  showinq  the  new  addition  now  (June,  1881)  in  coarse  of  erection. 


HISTORY 

(I 

OF  THE 


Government  Printing  Oefice, 

I^FAS///JVGTOJV,  D,  C. ) 


WITH  A BRIEF 


RECORD  OF  THE  PUBLIC  PRINTING 


FOR 


A CENTURY, 


1 789-- 1 88 1 , 


By  R.  W.  KERR. 


OF  THE  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE- 


ILLUSTRATED. 


LANCASTER,  PA.: 

INQUIRER  PRINTING  AND  PUBLISHING  CO. 

1881. 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  i88i,  by 
R.  W.  KERR, 

In  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


CONTENTS. 


isC?  rS  <=J  y / ^ 

k4/H 


List  OF  ILLUSTRATIo^!s 5 

I NTRODUCTION 7 

CHAPTER  I. 

History  OF  Public  Printing  from  1789  to  1881 15 

CHAPTER  II. 

Superintendents  of  Public  Printing  from  1852  to  1881 37 

Chief  Clerks  from  1852  to  1881 37 

Foremen  and  Assistant  Foremen  of  Printing  and  Binding  from  1861  to  1881 37 

Prese.  t Organization  of  the  Office 38 

Office  of  Public  Printer 39 

Synopsis  of  Laws  relating  to  Duties  of  Public  Printer 40 

Chief  Clerk’s  Office,  Duties,  etc 42 

Machine  and  Carpenter  Shop 43 

Stereotype  Vault 43 

Warehouse  for  Printing- Papers 44 

Binders’  Warehouse  44 

The  Stables,  etc 45 

Watchmen 45 

Items 45 

CHAPTER  III. 

The  Printing  for  Congress 53 

Documents,  Reports,  etc 54 

Distribution  of  Documents 55 

Forthcoming  and  Annual  Publications  of  Congress  and  the  Departments 56 

CHAPTER  IV. 

The  Government  Printing  Office  Building  : History  of  its  Purchase,  etc 65 

Value  when  Purchased 67 

Additions  to  the  Building 68 

Capacity  of  the  Office  for  doing  great  quantities  of  work 69 

Printing  for  the  E.xecutive  Departments ...  71 

CHAPTER  V. 

The  Printing  Department 73 

The  Document  Room 73 

The  Piece  Department 75 

The  Executive  Printing  or  Job  Room 77 

The  Patent  Office  Specification  Room  78 

The  Press  Room 80 

The  Dry-Press  Room 85 

(3  ) 


4 Contents. 

Machinery  in  the  Press  Room 87 

I'he  Folding  Room 88 

Machinery  in  the  P'olding  Room  . . 

The  Record  Room,  with  a brief  allusion  to  the  early  publication  of  the  Debates  of 

Congress 10 1 

1 he  Branch  Office,  Treasury  Department 106 

iDther  Branch  Offices 107 

CHAPTER  VI. 

The  Stereotyping  and  Electrotyping  Department 109 

Machinery  in  the  Stereotyping  and  Electrotyping  Department 115 

CHAPTER  VII. 

The  Binding  Department 117 

The  Ruling  Room 126 

The  Sewing  Room 130 

The  Forwarding  Room 132 

The  Finishing  Room 138 

Machinery  in  the  Bindery ' 140 

APPENDIX. 

Alphabetical  List  of  Employes  at  date  of  publication  143 

Laws  relating  to  the  Public  Printing  up  to  the  close  of  the  Forty-sixth  Congress.  . . Ii9 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Frontispiece — Government  Printing  Office  Building.  page. 

Hon.  John  D.  Defrees 3- 

The  Document  Room 54 

The  Job  Room 68 

The  Press  Room So 

The  Folding  Room — H Street  Wing 88 

The  Folding  Room — North  Capitol  Street  Wing 92 

The  Congressional  Record  Room 102 

The  Electrotype  and  Stereotype  Room 1 10 

■ The  Bindery — Ruling  and  Sewing  Room 130 

The  Bindery — Forwarding  Room 132 

Fig.  I.  The  Bullock  Press 82 

“ 2.  Cottrell  & Babcock  Two-Revolution  Cylinder  Press 84 

••  3.  Hoe’s  Cylinder  Press 85 

" 4.  Gill’s  Hot  Rolling  or  Calendering  Machine 86 

“ 5.  Chambers’  Folding  Machine 93 

“ 6.  Chambers’  Folding  and  Pasting  Machine  94 

“ 7.  Jones’  Hydraulic  Sheet  Pressing  Machine 95 

“ 8.  .Sheridan  Cutting  Machine 96 

“ 9.  Thompson’s  Wire  Stitching  Machine 97 

“ to.  Novelty  Wire  Stitching  Machine 98 

“ II.  Brown’s  Rotary  Card  Cutter  ....  99 

“ 12.  Acme  Cutting  Machine 100 

“ 13.  Dynamo-Electric  Machine lio 

“ 14.  Stereotype  Plate  Shaving  Machine 11 1 

“ 15.  Elecirotyper’s  Sawing  Table 112 

“ 16.  Eiecirotyper’s  Trimming  Machine 113 

“ 17.  Electrotype  and  Stereotype  Planing  Machine 115 

“ 18.  W.  O.  Hickok’s  Ruling  Machine 118 

“ 19.  W.  O.  Hickok’s  Double  Ruling  Machine  120 

*■  20.  Sheridan  Embossing  Press 123 

“ 21.  Sheridan  Embossing  Press  (another  style) 125 

“ 22.  Plow  and  Press 125 

23.  Book  Sawing  Machine 127 

“ 23J4.  Book  Sawing  Machine  (another  kind ) 128 

“ 24.  Table  Shears 129 

25.  Sewing  Bench 130 

" 26.  Blank  Book  Sewing  Bench 130 

“ 27.  Paging  Machine 131 

“ 28.  Acme  Automatic  and  F'oot  Clamping  Cutter 133 

“ 29.  Semple  Cutting  Machine 134 

( 5 ) 


List  of  Illustrations. 

PAGE. 

. 30.  Knife  Grinding  Machine 135 

31.  Wire  Book  Sewing  Machine 136 

32.  Standing  Press  137 

33.  Stabbing  Machine 138 

34.  Backing  Machine 139 

35.  Binders’  Board  Cutter. 140 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  original  design  of  this  book  was  simply  to  furnish  something 
which  would  answer  as  a guide  to  the  many  visitors  who  yearly  inspect 
the  different  departments  of  the  Government  Printing  Office.  It  was 
not  intended  to  elaborate  it  with  any  allusion  to  the  early  printing  for 
the  Government ; to  embody  in  it  the  laws  relating  to  the  subject  of 
public  printing ; to  supply  any  data  of  the  former  business  of  the 
office ; nor  to  illustrate  it  as  it  now  appears.  It  was  intended  only  to 
recapitulate,  in  as  brief  a manner  as  possible,  the  present  dimensions 
and  capacity  of  the  office,  with  a reference  to  the  machinery  in  use, 
the  number  of  hands  engaged,  the  style  of  work  produced,  the  manner 
of  its  execution,  etc.  But  it  has  grown  greatly  beyond  its  first  concep- 
tion, and  my  own  intention  and  expectation  ; and  whether  the  present 
design  be  good  or  bad,  I have  no  apology  to  make,  as  I believe  the 
many  historical  and  other  incidents  contained  in  its  pages  will  prove 
of  some  value  and  interest,  although  possibly  not  presented  in  the 
most  attractive  form. 


But  few  persons  outside  of  a printing  office,  or  those  having  daily 
business  with  printers,  have  any  idea  of  the  numerous  processes  through 
which  written  matter  must  pass  before  it  becomes  a finished,  printed 
book.  Printing  is  a slow  and  tedious  business  at  best,  notwithstanding 
the  many  and  diversified  improvements  which  have  been  invented  to 
facilitate  the  rapid  production  of  printed  matter. 

That  the  reader — if  he  be  not  a printer — may  form  some  conception 
of  the  magnitude  of  the  undertaking,  I will  endeavor  to  give,  without 
the  use  of  trade  terms  where  they  can  be  avoided,  the  many  different 
and  devious  processes,  in  the  order  of  their  occurrence,  involved  in 
the  production  of  a simple  public  document,  from  the  time  of  its  entry 
into  the  Government  Printing  Office  until  it  reaches  the  Capitol  for 
distribution  to  Senators  and  Representatives  as  a completed,  printed 
volume. 

The  first  operation,  and  perhaps  the  most  important  one,  at  least  to 
the  author,  after  the  receipt  of  the  manuscript  in  the  office,  is  to  see 
that  it  is  arranged  in  the  order  in  which  it  is  supposed  to  have  been 

7 


8 


Introduction. 


written.  It  not  unfrequently  happens  that  the  document  has  been 
kicked  from  pillar  to  post  at  the  committee-rooms  of  the  Capitol  for 
days,  or  pulled  to  pieces  by  a dozen  different  correspondents  in  their 
eager  hunt  for  news;  and,  nine  times  out  of  ten,  when  it  reaches  the 
Public  Printer  it  is  in  the  reverse  order  of  its  original  production,  or 
so  badly  “mixed  up”  by  the  displacement  of  pages,  that  it  would  be  a 
mass  of  nonsense  if  printed  as  received  at  the  office.  But  here,  it  falls 
into  the  hands  of  careful  and  conscientious  workmen,  to  whom  the 
authors  of  Government  literature  owe  a debt  of  gratitude  of  great 
magnitude,  who  exert  a “rectifying”  influence  over  this  rumpled 
monstrosity  that  smooths  its  future  career,  and  places  the  author  in  the 
first  ranks  of  modern  writers.  When  the  order  of  its  being  has  thus 
been  determined  by  these  experts,  it  is  carefully  read  over,  page  after 
page,  by  the  same  individuals,  who  seek  to  harmonize  the  many  incon- 
sistencies found,  and  by  a series  of  hieroglyphic  pencil-marks,  only 
intelligible  to  printers,  indicate  the  particular  type  in  which  each  head- 
line or  portion  of  the  text  is  to  appear.  Each  page  of  the  manuscript 
is  then  numbered,  from  the  first  to  the  last,  to  prevent  any  confusion 
in  its  subsequent  career. 

It  is  now  ready  for  another  process : It  goes  to  the  person  having 
charge  of  the  mechanical  branch  of  the  Document  Room  (for  in- 
stance), where  it  is  parceled  out  to  the  compositors,  who  reproduce 
the  original  in  type.  If  it  is  an  extensive  publication,  perhaps  a 
hundred  or  a hundred  and  fifty  men  will  be  engaged  upon  it  at  once, 
and  in  an  hour  from  the  time  the  copy  reaches  the  compositors’  hands, 
the  proof-slips  are  passing  into  the  Proof  Room  to  be  read.  When  a 
certain  number  of  lines  have  been  set  in  the  composing-stick,  the 
composed  matter  is  dexterously  lifted  out,  and  placed  on  a frame  with 
brass  bottom  and  wooden  sides  lined  with  brass,  and  called  a 
“galley,”  in  which  it  is  securely  fastened  by  the  aid  of  a piece  of 
beveled  wood,  called  a side-stick,  and  small  wooden  wedges  or  quoins. 
When  a number  of  these  galleys,  filled  with  type,  are  ready,  they  are 
removed  to  a proof-press,  and  impressions  taken,  which  is  called  a first 
proof,  and  with  these  printed  proofs  the  manuscript  is  sent  to  the 
Proof  Room,  where  it  is  given  out  to,  perhaps,  as  many  different  readers 
as  there  are  galley-proofs,  the  manuscript  being  separated  to  corre- 
spond in  quantity  precisely  with  the  matter  on  each  proof-slip.  The 
reader  now  looks  over  the  printed  impression,  marking  the  errors 
detected  as  he  proceeds,  in  a manner  peculiar  to  the  craft,  while  a 
“copy-holder”  by  his  side  reads  aloud  every  word  and  figure  or 
peculiar  mark  or  character  found  on  the  original  copy.  The  effort  of 
this  reader  is  to  produce  an  exact  counterpart  of  the  manuscript,  for 
sometimes  the  value  of  an  official  document  depends  as  much  upon  it^ 


Introdiution. 


9 

peculiarities  of  construction  as  it  does  upon  the  faithful  production  of 
the  language  used. 

It  is  next  passed  to  another  reader,  who  is  termed  a “silent  reader,  ’ 
and  he  goes  over  it  to  detect  any  errors  of  “omission  or  commission” 
on  the  part  of  the  first  reader.  He  also  refers  frequently,  in  case  of 
doubt,  to  the  original  copy,  but  does  not  have  an  assistant  like  the  first 
reader. 

These  proof-slips,  which,  perhaps,  from  the  number  of  pencil 
corrections  on  the  margin,  would  lead  one  to  believe  that  a first-class 
epidemic  of  small-pox  is  raging  in  the  office,  are  now  transferred  to 
the  compositors  for  further  manipulation,  vmo  proceed  to  correct  the 
proof  j i.  <?.,  to  change  letters  in  wrongly-spelled  words,  or  to  substi- 
tute the  proper  words,  and  sometimes  whole  sentences,  for  those  which 
have  been  incorrectly  deciphered.  After  this  operation  is  completed, 
a second  impression,  in  “galley”  form,  is  made,  which  is  called  a 
“revise,”  and  this  is  carefully  compared  by  a proof-reviser  with  the 
first  proof,  to  see  that  no  errors  have  been  neglected  by  the  compos- 
itors. This  second  or  revised  proof  is  now  again  sent  to  the  compos- 
itors, and  they  proceed  as  before  to  correct  any  remaining  errors. 
This  process  of  revising,  in  the  more  important  scientific  publications, 
is  frequently  repeated  three  and  four,  and  sometimes  five  and  six  times, 
to  insure  the  utmost  accuracy  in  the  future  book. 

The  matter  is  now  ready  to  be  “made  up”  into  pages,  which  is 
done  by  means  of  a gauge,  of  the  exact  length  of  the  pages  in  the 
proposed  book;  and,  when  so  cast  off  into  proper  lengths,  is  securely 
tied  up  with  a strong  cord  to  facilitate  the  handling  of  the  four  or  five 
thousand  little  pieces  of  metal  which  go  to  make  up  a page  of  matter. 
It  is  now  arranged  on  an  imposing-stone,  in  such  a manner  that  when 
printed  the  pages  will  follow  in  regular  order;  and  when  a sufficient 
number  of  pages — usually  sixteen — are  made  up  and  so  arranged,  a 
chase — a light  frame-work  of  iron,  divided  by  bars  into  four  equal 
sections — is  placed  around  them,  and  they  are  tightly  wedged  or 
“locked  up. ’ ’ 

If  the  matter  is  to  be  stereotyped,  the  pages  of  type,  before  they  reach 
this  stage  of  progress,  are  sent  to  the  Stereotype  Foundry. 

These  several  pages  are  now  called  a “form,”  or  a “signature,” 
from  which  another  proof  or  revise  is  taken,  which  is  again  sent  to  the 
reviser,  who  goes  over  the  headings  of  each  page  carefully,  and  whose 
d’-Fy  it  is  to  scrutinize  the  general  make-up  or  arrangement  of  the 
whole,  and  to  see  that  the  pages  have  been  correctly  imposed ; i.  e. , 
arranged  in  the  proper  numerical  order,  etc.  When  any  errors  found 
in  this  form  revise  have  been  corrected,  it  is  lowered  into  the  Press 
Room  by  steam  power. 


lO 


Introduction. 


Here  it  is  taken  in  charge  by  one  of  our  “colored  brethren,”  and 
placed  upon  the  bed  of  the  press;  the  irregularities  in  the  surface  of 
the  type  planed  down  by  the  pressman,  and  it  is  now  ready  for  the 
clean  white  paper.  The  young  lady  who  is  to  manipulate  these  snowy- 
sheets  with  her  delicate  taper  fingers,  now  ascends  to  the  raised 
platform  at  the  side  of  the  press,  and  by  a peculiar  push  and  pull 
separates  a single  sheet  from  the  pile  of  paper  at  her  elbow,  and  gently 
lowers  it  within  reach  of  the  steel  fingers  of  the  press,  which  clutch  it 
viciously,  and  drag  it  into  a dark  abyss.  A single  revolution  of  the 
huge  cylinder  carries  it  over  the  waiting  form  beneath,  and  elastic 
tapes  convey  it  to  the  rear  of  the  press,  where  it  appears  transformed 
into  a printed  “signature”  of  the  future  book. 

There  are  now  three  ways  of  treating  these  printed  sheets  before  they 
are  gathered  into  books,  all  of  which,  however,  when  done,  have  about 
the  same  effect,  viz,  to  remove  any  irregularities  in  the  surface  of  the 
printed  signature:  ist,  they  may  be  “dry-pressed,”  in  the  old-fash- 
ioned way,  by  placing  three  or  four  sheets  between  hard,  smooth  pieces 
of  pasteboard,  and  subjecting  them  to  powerful  pressure  in  a hydrau- 
lic press ; 2d,  or  they  may  be  passed  through  Gill’s  Hot  Rolling  or 
Calendering  Machine,  which  not  only  removes  all  irregularities  from 
the  printed  signature,  but  imparts  a pleasant,  glossy  surface  to  the 
paper ; 3d,  or  they  may  be  permitted  to  lie  in  sheets  a day  or  two,  and 
then  folded  and  pressed  in  bundles  in  Jones’  Hydraulic  Sheet  Pressing 
Machine.  When  either  the  first  or  the  second  of  these  operations  has 
been  consummated,  the  sheets  are  ready  to  be  transported  by  elevators 
to  the  Folding  Room  on  the  fourth  floor. 

When  these  pressed  sheets  reach  this  room,  the  many  signatures  are 
divided  among  the  lady  folders,  and  each  sheet  is  folded  separately, 
so  that  the  first  and  last  pages  of  the  signature  are  on  the  outside. 
They  may,  however,  be  folded  by  machinery.  The  process  of  ma- 
chine folding  is  fully  described  elsewhere,  and  need  not  be  stated 
here. 

The  next  operation  is  termed  “gathering”;  i.  e.,  gathering  the 
sheets  or  signatures  into  books.  The  folded  sheets  of  the  book  are 
laid  out  along  the  edge  of  the  gathering  table  in  the  regular  numerical 
order  of  the  signatures,  and  the  “gatherer”  then  commences  at  the 
last  sheet  or  signature,  taking  one  from  that  pile,  one  from  the  next, 
and  so  on  until  the  first  sheet  or  title  of  the  book  is  placed  upon  the 
top  of  all  the  others.  This  completes  a set  of  the  signatures  in  the 
coming  book.  This  operation  is,  of  course,  repeated  as  many  times  as 
there  are  volumes  printed.  Tliese  gathered  signatures  are  now  exam- 
ined, or  “collated,”  as  the  process  is  called,  to  see  that  the  sheets 
have  been  collected  in  their  proper  alp'nabetical  or  numerical  order. 


Introduction. 


I I 

If  the  book  is  to  be  delivered  unbound,  it  is  then  passed — if  it  is  a 
hurried  document — to  the  stitchers,  twenty,  or  forty,  or  a hundred  of 
whom  can  be  put  at  it  instantly,  and  the  work  rushed  out  with  great 
rapidity.  But  if  it  does  not  exceed  one  hundred  or  one  hundred  and 
fifty  pages,  and  is  not  specially  hurried,  it  may  be  stitched  upon 
Thompson’s  Wire  Pamphlet  Stitching  Machine.  Books  intended  for 
binding  are  sent  to  the  Bindery  as  soon  as  collated,  as  the  process  of 
sewing  is,  I believe,  the  world  over,  a part  of  the  work  of  the  binder. 

It  is  not  the  intention  to  give  here  a description  of  the  various  pro- 
cesses or  of  the  numerous  styles  of  binding  books  in  practice  in  the 
office ; but  to  refer  only  to  the  more  important  manipulations  books 
receive,  and  the  number  of  machines  used  in  the  process.  Cloth  bind- 
ing is  commonly  termed  “cows”  by  the  binders  here,  but  the 
derivation  of  the  term  is  unknown  to  me.  Although  it  is  one  of  the 
cheapest  styles  of  binding,  it  is  one  which  requires  the  use  of  more 
machinery  than  the  more  expensive  bindings. 

The  first  process  the  book  passes  through  after  it  reaches  the  bindery 
is  termed  “smashing”;  i.  e.,  reducing  the  sheets  of  a volume,  by  enor- 
mous, sudden  pressure  in  a powerful  toggle-jointed  machine,  to  the 
smallest  possible  space,  to  facilitate  its  more  convenient  handling  by 
the  sewers,  etc. 

After  being  properly  pressed  in  the  smashing  machine,  they  are 
“sawed  out”  for  “sewing.”  The  machine  for  this  purpose  has  a 
number  of  circular  saws,  with  teeth  projecting  about  one-eighth  of  an 
inch  above  the  top ; the  books  are  put  up  in  bunches  of  six  or  eight, 
carefully  knocked  up  evenly  on  the  backs,  and  passed  over  the  saws, 
which  cut  five  grooves  across  the  back.  They  are  now  ready  for  sew- 
ing. This  is  an  important  part  of  book-making,  and  has  a great  deal 
to  do  with  the  good  or  bad  appearance  of  the  future  book,  as  the  work 
is  properly  or  poorly  performed.  The  operation  is  somewhat  complex 
and  difficult  to  explain,  but  consists  in  securing  the  several  signatures 
together  in  proper  form,  by  means  of  a combination  of  peculiar  stitches, 
with  the  aid  of  a sewing  frame  to  hold  the  work  as  sewed.  The 
process  is  also  performed  to  a certain  extent  by  the  aid  of  machinery. 
The  Wire  Book  Sewing  Machines  enjoy  a monopoly  of  a certain  class 
of  the  work,  while  certain  other  classes  of  the  literature  issued  from  the 
office  are  sewed  exclusively  by  hand. 

The  volumes  are  now  ready  for  the  forwarder,  who  first  pastes  to- 
gether the  two  outside,  white,  or  “waste  leaves,”  which  is  done  to  add 
strength  to  the  book ; they  are  then  beaten  with  a hammer,  to  remove 
all  surplus  swell  caused  in  the  sewing,  and  are  next  put  up  in  bunches 
of  suitable  size  for  cutting.  They  are  now  removed  to  the  cutting 
machine,  and  the  edges  trimmed  precisely  according  to  the  intended 


Introduction. 


I 2 

margin.  The  forwarder  now  glues  the  backs,  and  when  almost  dry, 
he  rounds  them.  This  is  done  by  hand,  no  machinery  having  yet 
been  invented  which  does  the  work  in  a satisfactory  manner ; and  it  is 
done  by  beating  the  backs  with  a hammer  into  a convex  shape ; after 
which  they  are  ready  to  be  backed.  The  books  are  now  removed  to 
the  backing  machine ; they  are  placed  perpendicularly  between  the 
jaws  of  the  machine,  having  the  back  and  sides  exposed  about  one- 
eighth  of  an  inch  ; the  iron  roller  of  the  machine  is  now  worked  back 
and  forth  over  the  back,  forming  a joint  or  projection  on  each  side  of 
the  book,  sufficiently  large  to  accommodate  the  covers.  The  forwarder 
now  again  takes  them,  and  lines  the  back  with  brown  paper,  after 
which  the  books  are  ready  for  their  cases  or  covers. 

The  cases  are  made  by  another  set  of  operators,  who  are  termed 
“case-makers.”  The  only  machinery  used  in  this  operation  is  a 
common  clothes-wringer,  and  a gauge  in  the  shape  of  a letter  T,  with 
two  parallel  pieces  of  iron  forming  the  back,  one  of  which  works  in 
a slot  which  can  be  moved  any  distance  required,  according  to  the  size 
of  the  back  of  the  book.  The  cloth,  having  been  previously  cut  by 
machinery  the  proper  size,  is  generously  smeared  with  glue  all  over  the 
surface ; the  gauge  is  then  laid  upon  the  cloth,  two  pieces  of  board  are 
placed  evenly  against  the  gauge,  and  a strip  of  Manila  paper  inserted 
in  the  back ; the  gauge  is  then  taken  off,  and  the  edges  of  the  cloth 
turned  over  the  boards,  which  are  then  passed  through  the  wringer  to 
make  the  cloth  adhere  to  the  boards.  This  process,  simple  as  it  may 
appear,  requires  considerable  skill  and  experience,  before  a workman 
can  become  sufficiently  expert  to  make  the  number  of  cases  required  as 
a day’s  work.  After  the  cases  are  perfectly  dry,  they  are  removed  to 
the  embossing  press,  where  they  are  embossed,  and  the  backs  lettered. 
These  presses  are  the  most  powerful  and  expensive  machines  used  in 
the  Bindery. 

The  books  are  cased  by  another  set  of  workmen,  called  “casers”; 
and  after  the  cases  are  put  on  they  are  subjected  to  more  pressure  in  a 
standing  press,  after  which  they  are  ready  for  delivery. 

The  public  document  which  we  set  out  to  follow  through  the  many 
processes  involved  in  its  completion  as  a finished  book,  is  now  ready 
to  be  lowered  by  elevators  to  the  first  floor,  whence  it  is  taken  by 
wagons  to  the  Capitol,  where  it  is  delivered  in  lots  to  the  Folding 
Rooms  or  the  Document  Rooms  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives; and  when  receipts  are  received  for  the  volumes,  the 
responsibility  of  the  Public  Printer  ceases.  No  matter  how  humble 
or  unimportant  the  subject  treated  of  in  this  document  may  be,  the 
law  provides  for  its  distribution  to  every  State  and  Territory  of  the 
Union;  while  another  law  directs  the  distribution  of  a limited  number, 
through  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  to  foreign  Governments. 


hitroduction. 


1 am  indebted  to  many  kind  friends  connected  with  the  establish- 
ment for  valuable  assistance  and  advice  in  preparing  this  volume,  and 
if  it  is  acceptable  to  them,  and  the  many  others  who  inspired  me  with 
substantial  encouragement  in  the  shape  of  “dollar  subscriptions” — 
without  which  it  would  undoubtedly  never  have  survived  its  conception 
— I will  consider  myself  well  repaid  for  the  labor  required  in  its 
preparation. 

The  drawings  for  the  illustrations  of  the  interior  and  exterior  of  the 
Government  Printing  Office  building  were  made  by  Mr.  C.  F.  Trill, 
and  the  engraving  was  executed  on  wood  by  Mr.  H.  H.  Nichols,  the 
well-known  Washington  engraver.  That  they  have  both  performed 
their  difficult  parts  in  a most  satisfactory  manner,  is  evident  to  those 
familiar  with  the  many  obstacles  which  had  to  be  surmounted. 

The  excellent  likeness  of  Mr.  Defrees,  the  present  Public  Printer, 
was  also  engraved  by  Mr.  Nichols.  , 


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..A 


SHORT  HISTORY  OF  PUBLIC  PRINTING  FROM 
ij8g  TO  1 88 1. 

The  First  Congress,  under  the  present  Constitution,  met  in  the  city 
of  New  York  on  the  4th  day  of  March,  1789,  in  pursuance  of  a reso- 
lution of  the  Congress  of  the  Confederation  of  September  13,  1788, 
and  held  its  first  session  in  the  City  Hall  in  that  city,  and  remained  in 
session  two  hundred  and  ten  days,  having  adjourned  on  the  29th  day 
of  September  of  the  same  year.  The  Second  Session  of  the  First  Con- 
gress, which  was  commenced  on  Monday,  January  4,  1790,  and  which 
terminated  on  August  12,  1790,  was  also  held  in  New  York. 

The  Third  Session  of  the  First  Congress  met  in  Philadelphia,  Decem- 
ber 6,  1790,  and  convened  in  Carpenters’  Hall.  At  this  session  all 
of  the  original  “thirteen”  States  were  for  the  first  time  represented. 
Congress  continued  to  meet  in  Philadelphia  until  the  14  of  May,  1800. 

The  Second  Session  of  the  Sixth  Congress  was  held  in  the  Old 
Capitol  Building  in  the  city  of  Washington,  November  17,  1800, 
and  since  that  time  Congress  has  continued  to  hold  its  sessions  in 
Washington  City. 


The  first  mention  of  public  printing  found  in  the  Annals  of  Congress 
is  in  relation  to  printing  the  laws,  and  was  in  the  form  of  a report, 
presented  by  Mr.  Sylvester,  a member  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
early  in  the  First  Session  of  the  First  Congress,  recommending  that 
proposals  be  invited  for  “printing  the  laws  and  other  proceedings”  of 
Congress.  It  is  presumed  that  this  resolution  covered,  by  “other 
proceedings,”  the  printing  of  the  bills  and  resolutions,  and  such 
documents  and  reports  as  were  necessary  in  the  transaction  of  the 
business  of  the  House. 

In  May,  1789,  several  petitions  were  presented  to  the  House  by  those 
engaged  in  the  business  of  printing  in  New  York,  praying  to  “be  em- 
ployed in  the  printing  for  Congress,”  but  the  Annals  do  not  give  any 
information  as  to  whether  any  of  the  petitioners  were  ever  engaged  by 
Congress  or  not. 

•\  joint  arrangement  between  committees  of  the  two  houses  was 

15 


i6 


Public  Printing  and  the 

entered  into  about  this  time,  which  provided  “that  600  copies  of  the 
acts  of  Congress  and  700  copies  of  the  journals”  should  be  printed, 
and  directing  the  Secretary  of  the  Senate  and  Clerk  of  the  House  to 
have  the  work  done.  This  action  of  the  joint  committee  was  subse- 
quently approved  by  both  houses. 

It  appears  that  this  arrangement  did  not  give  very  general  satisfac- 
tion, as  numerous  propositions  looking  to  more  expedition,  accuracy, 
etc.,  in  the  execution  of  the  work  were  pre.sented  in  the  House;  but  no 
change  was  effected  for  several  years. 

As  the  Senate,  up  to  1794,  sat  with  closed  doors,  and  the  proceed- 
ings preserved  are  of  very  meager  character,  I can  only  judge  of  the 
nature  of  the  rules  governing  the  printing  for  that  body  by  what  is 
found  in  the  proceedings  of  the  House.  It  is  very  certain,  however, 
that  the  method  of  doing  the  work  mentioned  above  also  prevailed  in 
the  Senate  from  the  beginning  of  the  First  Congress  until  the  .Second 
Session  of  the  Eighth  Congress. 

In  an  act  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Government, 
passed  in  1 794,  is  found  the  first  specific  appropriation  for  the  public 
printing ; and  as  the  juxtaposition  with  other  items  will  doubtless  appear 
rather  singular  to  the  reader  of  Congressional  literature  of  the  present 
day,  the  following  extract  from  the  law  is  appended  : 

“For  the  expenses  of  firewood,  stationery,  and  printing  work,  and 
all  other  contingent  expenses  of  the  two  houses  of  Congress,  ten  thou- 
sand dollars.” 

There  was  appropriated,  in  the  same  law,  for  like  purposes : for  the 
Secretary  of  State,  including  the  publication  of  the  laws  of  the  First 
Session  of  the  Third  Congress,  $2,261.67;  for  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment, $4,000;  and  for  the  War  Department,  $800. 

Up  to  the  time  of  the  passage  of  this  law,  the  printing  was  paid  for 
from  the  contingent  fund  of  Congress  and  the  Departments,  without 
being  specifically  mentioned  in  the  laws. 

The  first  proposition  to  appoint  a printer  to  the  House  was  made  by 
Mr.  Randolph,  in  December,  1801,  during  the  First  Session  of  the 
Seventh  Congress.  This  proposition  had,  it  seems,  the  sanction  of  a 
committee  of  that  body ; but  the  recommendation  of  the  committee, 
owing  to  opposition  to  multiplying  the  offices  of  the  House,  was  de- 
feated, only  about  twenty  members  voting  in  favor  of  it. 

A very  lengthy  discussion  occurred  during  the  Second  Session  of 
the  Seventh  Congress  (in  February,  1803)  in  the  House,  upon  the  pro- 
priety of  printing  public  documents ; i.  e..  communications  from  the 
President  and  Executive  Departments.  The  particular  document  in 
question  was  a message  from  the  President,  and  accompanying  papers, 
relating  to  the  expenditures  from  the  contingent  fund  of  the  Executive 


GovernmeJit  Printing  Office. 


17 


Departments  for  several  years  previous.  The  discussion  took  a wide 
range,  but  the  real  opposition  was  founded  upon  the  expense,  which  it 
was  estimated  would  be  $10,000.  -The  proposition  was  finally  passed 
by  a vote  of  38  to  28,  and  the  document  printed. 

In  1804,  in  the  Second  Session  of  the  Eighth  Congress,  a resolution 
was  passed  requiring  the  “ Clerk  of  the  House  fo  advertise  for  proposals 
for  supplying  the  House  of  Representatives  with  stationery  and  print- 
ing, and  to  award  the  contract  to  the  lowest  bidder.”  At  the  next 
session,  the  Clerk  made  a report  of  his  action  under  this  resolution, 
but  the  papers  are  inaccessible,  if  in  existence  at  all,  which  I doubt, 
and  I am  unable  to  record  the  difficulties  which  he  probably  encoun- 
tered in  the  first  attempt  at  the  contract  system  as  applied  to  the  pub- 
lic printing.  We  find  that  the  Senate  also  took  action  on  the  subject 
in  a resolution  to  “appoint  a committee  to  inquire  into  the  expedi- 
ency of  establishing  permanent  rules  for  the  regulating  and  conducting 
the  printing  for  the  Senate.”  The  committee  to  whom  the  resolution 
was  referred  reported  favorably,  and,  having  changed  it  into  a concur- 
rent resolution,  it  was  passed. 

This  system — the  letting  of  the  printing  to  the  lowest  bidder,  and 
which  was  the  first  joint  attempt  to  have  the  printing  for  the  Govern- 
ment executed  by  contract — prevailed  in  both  houses  of  Congress  until 
the  passage  of  the  resolution  of  1819.  The  work  was  done  in  a very 
imperfect  manner,  and  excited  from  time  to  time  an  endless  amount 
of  unfavorable  criticism,  and  was  also  very  expensive  and  unsatisfac- 
tory, owing  to  the  delays  and  inaccuracies  in  its  execution. 

In  December,  1818  (Fifteenth  Congress,  Second  Session),  a resolu- 
tion was  passed  appointing  a joint  committee  of  the  two  houses  of 
Congress  to  “consider  and  report  whether  any  further  provisions  of 
law  are  necessary  to  insure  dispatch,  accuracy,  and  neatness  in  the 
printing  done  for  the  two  houses  of  Congress.”  In  obedience  to  this 
resolution,  a committee  was  appointed  to  examine  into  the  subject.  The 
committee,  consisting  of  General  Wilson,  a Senator  from  New  Jersey 
— a practical  printer,  and  editor  of  the  True  American — and  General 
T.  A.  Rogers,  a member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  from  Penn- 
sylvania, visited  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  and  made  diligent 
inquiry  in  respect  to  the  cost  and  the  best  method  of  having  the  work 
executed.  On  their  return  to  Washington,  the  committee  made  a 
very  valuable  report  upon  the  subject.  This  committee  was  the  first  to 
advocate  the  creation  of  a national  printing  office,  as  the  best  and 
most  economical  method  of  procuring  the  printing  for  the  Govern- 
ment. A portion  of  their  report,  touching  upon  this  point,  is  as 
follows : 

“How  far  it  is  reputable  for  Congress  to  endeavor  to  get  their  work 


2 


1 8 Public  Printing  and  the 

done  below  a fair  and  reasonable  price,  may  be  a matter  of  doubt,  but 
it  does  not  admit  of  a question  that  the  compensation  ought  to  be 
adequate  to  the  object  of  procuring  that  work  to  be  done  at  a proper 
time  and  in  a suitable  manner.  A second  mode  suggested  to  and  con- 
■sidered  by  the  committee  was  the  establishment  of  a national  printing 
office  (with  a bindery  and  stationery  annexed),  which  should  execute 
the  work  of  Congress  while  in  session,  and  that  of  the  various  Depart- 
ments of. Government  during  the  recess,  and  should  do  all  the  binding, 
and  furnish  the  stationery,  for  the  Departments,  as  well  as  for  Congress. 
To  ascertain  the  amount  of  expenditures  on  these  objects,  inquiries 
were  addressed  by  the  committee  to  the  heads  of  Departments,  Attor- 
ney-General, and  Postmaster-General,  and  an  answer  received  from 
each.  Some  of  the  reports  were  made  in  such  a manner  as  not  to 
enable  the  committee  to  separate  the  accounts  for  printing  from  those 
for  binding  and  stationery;  but  the  whole  amount  exceeds  $41,000. 
Add  to  this  the  expenditures  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives on  the  same  objects,  namely,  the  former  $8,000,  and  the  latter 
$15,000,  and  the  aggregate  cost  of  the  public  printing,  binding,  and 
stationery  is  about  $65,000  a year,  of  which  probably  one-half  is  for 
printing ; and  this,  it  will  be  remembered,  does  not  include  the  great 
variety  and  number  of  blanks  executed  elsewhere  than  at  the  seat  of 
Government  from  copies  furnished  by  the  Departments  of  the  Treas- 
ury, War,  &c.,  and  which  might  all  be  done  here  at  a much  less 
expense  were  a national  printing  office  established.  The  committee 
are  of  opinion  that  such  an  establishment,  under  the  superintendence 
of  a man  of  activity,  integrity,  and  discretion,  would  be  likely  to  pro- 
duce promptitude,  uniformity,  accuracy,  and  elegance  in  the  execu- 
tion of  the  public  printing;  and  they  are  not  certain  that  it  would  not 
in  the  result,  connecting  with  it  a bindery  and  stationery,  as  already 
suggested,  be  found  the  most  economical.” 

These  recommendations  were  made  nearly  half  a century  before  the 
object  advocated  was  accomplished. 

The  recommendation  of  this  committee,  however,  for  want  of 
time,  as  was  alleged,  was  not  acted  upon ; but  the  necessity  for  some 
legislation  on  the  subject  of  the  printing  required  by  Congress  was 
imperative.  The  country  had  greatly  increased  in  population,  and  the 
business  of  Congress  had  been  so  frequently  interrupted  or  interfered 
with  owing  to  the  delays  and  inaccuracies  in  the  printing  done,  that 
the  resolution  of  March  3,  1819,  was  hastily  framed  and  passed.  It 
provided  that  each  house  should  elect  its  own  printer,  and  designated 
how  the  work  should  be  done,  and  the  prices  to  be  paid. 

The  joint  resolution  is  as  follows: 


Govemmeut  Pj'inting  Office. 


19 


JOINT  RESOL  UTION  OF  18 iq. 

“•Resolved,  etc.,  That  the  printing  of  Congress,  unless  when  other- 
wise specially  ordered,  shall  be  done  in  the  following  form  and  manner, 
viz : Bills,  as  heretofore,  with  English  type  on  foolscap  paper.  Rule 
or  table  work,  in  royal  octavo  size,  when  it  can  be  brought  into  that 
size  by  any  types  not  smaller  than  brevier;  and  where  it  cannot,  in 
such  form  as  to  fold  conveniently  into  the  volume.  All  other  printing 
with  a small  pica  type,  on  royal  paper,  in  pages  of  the  same  size  as 
those  of  the  last  edition  of  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  including  the 
marginal  notes. 

“And  the  following  prices  shall  be  allowed  and  paid  for  the  above 
described  work:  For  the  composition  of  every  page  of  bills,  ^i;  of 
every  page  of  small  pica  type,  plain  work,  ; of  every  page  of  small 
pica  rule-work,  ^2;  every  page  of  brevier  rule-work,  I3.50;  and  for  a 
larger  form  of  brevier  rule-work,  in  proportion. 

“For  the  press-work  of  bills,  including  paper,  folding  and  stitching: 
for  50  copies,  25  cents  per  page;  for  400  copies,  ^1.25  per  page;  for 
the  press-work  of  tables,  other  than  those  in  the  regular  octavo  form; 
for  600  copies,  including  as  above,  $5.50  per  form;  for  the  press- 
work  of  the  journals,  of  900  copies,  including  as  above,  per  page; 
for  all  other  printing,  in  the  octavo  form,  of  600  copies,  including  as 
above,  87^4  cents  per  page;  and  for  a larger  or  smaller  number,  in 
proportion. 

“That  as  soon  as  this  resolution  shall  have  been  approved  by  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  each  house  shall  proceed  to  ballot  for 
a printer  to  execute  its  work  during  the  next  session  of  Congress;  and 
the  person  having  the  greater  number  of  votes  shall  be  considered  duly 
elected,  and  shall  give  bond,  with  sureties,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Senate  and  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
respectively,  for  the  prompt,  accurate,  and  neat  execution  of  the  work; 
and  in  case  any  inconvenient  delay  should  be,  at  any  time,  experienced 
by  either  house  in  the  delivery  of  its  work,  the  Secretary  and  Clerk, 
respectively,  may  be  authorized  to  employ  another  printer  to  execute 
any  portion  of  the  work  of  the  Senate  and  House,  and  charge  the 
excess  in  the  account  of  such  printer,  for  executing  such  work,  above 
what  is  herein  allowed,  to  the  printer  guilty  of  such  negligence  and 
delay:  Provided,  That  nothing  herein  contained  shall  preclude  the 

choice  of  the  same  printer  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives.  ’ ’ 

The  custom  above  referred  to,  of  printing  the  bills  of  Congress  in 
English  type,  is  still  followed,  but  the  size  of  the  page  has  been  re- 
duced to  about  two-thirds  the  length  of  an  ordinary  foolscap  sheet. 
Nonpareil  has  taken  the  place  of  brevier  type  for  the  tabular  matter. 


20  Public  Printing  and  the 

and  long  primer  has  superseded  small  pica  for  the  text.  Brevier  type, 
however,  is  used  very  extensively  for  extracts,  and  in  some  cases  for 
whole  volumes,  where  the  desire  is  to  condense  as  much  as  possible. 

Under  this  law  of  1819,  Gales  & Seaton,  so  well  known  in  after 
years  in  connection  with  the  printing  for  the  Government,  and  as  the 
publishers  of  the  National  Intelligencer,  were  elected  printers  to  the 
Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives  on  the  3d  of  March,  1819. 
Two  years  later  they  were  re-elected  by  both  houses ; and  February 
25,  1823,  were  again  re-elected  printers  to  the  House,  and  on  the  fol- 
lowing day  (February  26)  were  also  re-elected  printers  to  the  Senate. 
This  firm  was  continued  as  printers  to  the  House  for  several  years  after 
this,  having  been  re-elected  in  1827  and  1833,  and  in  1835  were  also 
again  elected  printers  to  the  Senate. 

In  1827,  in  the  Senate,  Messrs.  Duff  Green,  Gales  & Seaton,  Peter 
Force,  and  Thomas  Ritchie  were  nominated  for  election  as  printers  to 
the  Senate.  Under  the  law  of  1819,  a majority  of  all  the  votes  cast 
was  necessary  to  a choice.  Two  ballots  were  taken,  which  having  re- 
sulted in  no  choice,  the  election,  by  resolution  of  the  Senate,  was  de- 
clared at  an  end.  At  the  next  meeting  of  Congress,  however,  on  the 
first  day  of  the  session,  the  subject  was  brought  up  in  the  Senate  by 
the  introduction  of  the  following  preamble  and  resolution  : 

^'Whereas,  In  pursuance  of  a joint  resolution  of  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives,  passed  in  1819,  regulating  the  subject  of 
printing  for  the  two  houses  of  Congress,  respectively,  an  election  hav- 
ing been  had  by  the  Senate,  during  the  last  session,  for  a printer  to 
the  Senate,  and  Duff  Green  having,  according  to  the  provisions  of  said 
resolution,  received  the  greatest  number  of  votes  ; Therefore, 

Resolved,  That  in  the  opinion  of  the  Senate  the  said  Duff  Green  is 
duly  elected  printer  to  the  Senate.” 

After  a debate  of  considerable  animation,  in  which  Senators  Eaton, 
Hayne,  Benton,  Berrien,  and  Woodbury  advocated,  and  Senators 
Macon,  Harrison,  Chambers,  and  Robbins  opposed  the  resolution, 
ineffectual  attempts  having  been  made  to  postpone  it  and  lay  it  upon 
the  table,  it  was  adopted  by  a vote  of  25  yeas  to  19  nays. 

Thus  Messrs.  Gales  & Seaton  were  displaced  by  the  election  of  Duff 
Green,  but,  as  before  stated,  were  reinstated  in  1835. 

Blair  & Rives  were  first  elected  printers  to  the  Senate  March  3,  1837, 
and  were  re-elected  February  27,  1839. 

During  the  extra  or  first  session  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Congress,  after 
eleven  ballots,  on  September  5,  6,  and  7,  Mr.  Thomas  Allen  was  elected 
House  printer,  and  January  30,  1840,  Blair  & Rives  superseded  him. 
Blair  & Rives  were  elected  Senate  printers  February  20,  1841. 

At  the  time  of  the  inauguration  of  President  Harrison  (1S41),  Blair 


21 


Government  Printing  Office. 

& Rives  were  the  printers  to  the  Senate.  At  the  Executive  Session  of 
the  Senate,  held  after  the  new  President  had  taken  his  seat,  Mr. -Man- 
gum,  of  North  Carolina,  offered  a resolution  to  dismiss  Messrs.  Blair  & 
Rives.  During  the  discussion  of  the  resolution,  Messrs.  King,  of  Ala- 
bama, and  Henry  Clay,  of  Kentucky,  indulged  in  very  bitter  and 
offensive  language  to  each  other,  which  resulted  in  a challenge  under 
the  code  by  Mr.  King.  The  difficulty  was  amicably  settled  by  the  in- 
terposition of  friends,  before  the  gentlemen  met  in  mortal  combat. 
Blair  &;  Rives  were  dismissed,  and  their  official  bond  taken  from  them. 

Thomas  Allen  was  elected  to  take  the  place  of  the  deposed  firm  June 
15,  1846.’  Gales  & Seaton  became  Senate  printers  again  December 
5,  1843;  Ritchie  & Heiss,  December  4,  1845.  Thomas  Allen  was 
the  editor  of  the  Madisotiian.  In  the  House,  Gales  & Seaton  were 
elected  printers  June  ii,  1841  ; Blair  &:  Rives,  December  7,  1843;  and 
Ritchie  & Heiss,  December  3,  1845. 

The  Congressional  printing,  up  to  1839,  was  executed  under  the 
joint  resolution  of  1819,  but  at  that  time  it  was  considered  that  the 
prices  fixed  by  law  were  too  high ; and  the  whole  subject  having  been 
referred  to  a select  committee,  the  result  of  their  investigation  was  a 
report  recommending  a reduction  in  the  scale  of  prices  of  fifteen  per 
cent.  The  minority,  who  were  Whigs,  claimed  that  the  reduction  in 
the  prices  should  be  still  greater,  some  twenty  per  cent. 

At  the  Extra  Session  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Congress,  the  subject 
of  the  printers’  compensation  was  again  taken  up  and  examined.  The 
prices  were  then  fixed  at  twenty  per  cent,  less  than  those  provided  for 
under  the  law  of  1819,  under  which  reduction  Gales  & Seaton  were 
elected  printers;  but  subsequently — at  the  last  session  of  the  Twenty- 
seventh  Congress — the  same  majority  who  had  thus  reduced  the  pay 
of  the  printers,  repealed  their  action  by  adding  an  appropriation  to 
the  general  appropriation  law  sufficient  to  make  Gales  & Seaton’s 
compensation  equal  to  the  prices  fixed  by  the  resolution  of  1819. 
The  printing  for  the  House  during  the  Twenty-seventh  Congress 
amounted  to  about  §200, 000. 

March  3,  1845,  following  clause  in  a general  appropriation  law 
was  approved : 

“And  all  Congressional  printing  executed  under  an  order  of  either 
house,  made  after  the  4th  of  March,  1845,  shall  be  paid  for  at  prices 
twenty  per  centum  less  than  those  fixed  by  the  joint  resolution  of 
March  3,  1819.’’ 

Various  laws  relating  to  the  printing  were  enacted  between  1840  and 
1846,  some  of  which  provided  that  the  printing  for  the  Departments, 
the  Supreme  Court,  etc.,  should  be  done  by  contract;  but  not  until 
1846,  when  the  Garrett  Davis  resolution  became  a law,  was  all  the 
printing  done  by  contract. 


2 2 Public  Printing  and  the 

In  1846,  when  Mr.  Polk  was  President,  Thomas  Ritchie,  for  many 
years  the  editor  of  the  ancient  Richmojid  Enquirer,  was  elected  printer 
to  both  houses  of  Congress.  Father  Ritchie’s  election  seems  to  have 
given  offense  to  some  of  the  political  magnates  of  the  period,  and 
Garrett  Davis,  of  Kentucky,  who  was  then  a member  of  the  House  of 
Representative.s,  and  a Whig  in  politics,  took  advantage  of  the  dissatis- 
faction among  the  Democrats,  and,  with  the  aid  of  the  Whigs  and  the 
dissatisfied  members  of  Mr.  Ritchie’s  party,  secured  the  passage  of  a 
resolution  which  overthrew  the  organ  system  of  executing  the  public 
printing,  and  provided  that  the  work  should  thereafter  be  done  by  the 
lowest  bidder. 

The  joint  resolution  of  August  3,  1846,  is  as  follows: 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  OF  AUGUST  3,  184b. 

Resolved,  etc..  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Senate  and  the  Clerk  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  authorized  and 
required,  at  the  beginning  of  the  final  session  of  every  Congress,  to 
advertise  for  four  weeks  successively,  in  all  the  newspapers  published 
in  the  city  of  Washington,  for  sealed  proposals  for  supplying  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  respectively,  of  the  next  ensuing 
Congress,  with  the  necessary  printing  for  each ; which  advertisement 
shall  describe  the  kind  of  printing  and  the  quality  of  paper  required, 
as  near  as  may  be,  in  the  execution  of  the  work ; and  said  advertise- 
ment shall  divide  and  classify  the  printing  of  the  respective  houses  as 
follows  : One  of  bills  and  resolutions ; one  of  reports  of  committees ; 
one  of  journals  ; one  of  executive  documents ; and  one  for  every  other 
description  of  printing ; each  class  to  be  a separate  job,  and  to  be  pro- 
vided for  by  separate  contract.  The  said  advertisement  shall  contain 
a designation  of  the  place  in  the  said  city  of  Washington  where  such 
sealed  proposals  shall  be  received,  and  the  day  and  time  at  which  said 
Secretary  and  Clerk  will  cease  to  receive  any  further  proposals.  And 
the  Secretary  and  Clerk  aforesaid  shall  provide  suitable  samples  of  the 
printing  required,  and  of  the  paper  on  which  the  same  is  to  be  exe- 
cuted, to  be  kept,  at  the  place  so  designated  as  aforesaid,  at  least 
twenty  days  successively  before  the  time  of  receiving  proposals  shall 
expire,  open  to  the  inspection  of  all  persons  desiring  to  make  proposals 
for  the  printing  aforesaid,  intelligence  whereof  shall  be  contained  in 
said  advertisement.  Immediately  on  the  expiration  of  the  time  for  re- 
ceiving said  proposals,  they  shall  be  opened  by  the  Secretary  and  Clerk 
aforesaid,  in  the  presence  of  the  Vice-President,  or  President  of  the 
Senate,  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  of  such 
persons  making  proposals  as  may  wish  to  be  present.  And  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Senate,  under  the  supervision  of  the  Vice-President,  and 


Govei'nment  Printing  Office.  23 

the  Clerk  of  the  House,  under  the  supervision  of  the  Speaker,  shall 
thereupon  let  each  class  of  said  printing  to  the  lowest  bidder,  who 
shall  furnish  satisfactory  evidence  of  his  practical  skill  and  his  ability 
to  do  the  work,  and  who  shall  offer  good  and  sufficient  security  for  the 
faithful  execution  of  the  jobs  and  contracts  undertaken  by  him.  And 
thereupon  the  Vice-President,  or  President  of  the  Senate,  and  its 
Secretary,  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  and  its  Clerk,  shall  proceed  to 
take  bonds  with  good  and  sufficient  security  for  the  due  and  faithful 
performance  of  the  work ; and  the  officers  aforesaid  shall  immediately 
thereafter  report  to  their  respective  houses  all  such  lettings  of  printing, 
and  the  contracts  relating  to  the  same : Provided,  That  the  said  pro- 
posals shall  remain  sealed  until  the  time  appointed  for  examining  the 
same. 

“Sec.  2.  That  a committee,  consisting  of  three  members  of  the 
Senate  and  three  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  shall  be 
chosen  by  the  respective  houses,  which  shall  constitute  a Committee 
on  Printing,  which  shall  have  power  to  adopt  such  measures  as  may  be 
deemed  necessary  to  remedy  any  neglect  or  delay  on  the  part  of  the 
contractor  to  execute  the  work  ordered  by  Congress,  and  to  make  a 
pro-rata  reduction  in  the  compensation  allowed,  or  to  refuse  the  work 
altogether  should  it  be  inferior  to  the  standard ; and  in  all  cases  the 
contractor  and  his  securities  shall  be  responsible  for  any  increased  ex- 
penditure consequent  upon  the  non-performance  of  the  contract.  The 
committee  shall  audit  and  pass  upon  all  accounts  for  printing ; but  no 
bill  shall  be  acted  upon  for  work  that  is  not  actually  executed  and  de- 
livered, and  which  they  may  require  to  be  properly  authenticated.” 

Section  3 provides  that  motions  for  the  printing  of  extra  copies  of 
all  documents  shall  be  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Printing  of  the 
respective  houses;  and  directs  the  payments  for  printing  to  be  made 
from  the  contingent  fund  of  each  house. 

Section  4 repeals  conflicting  laws. 

This  system,  which  proved  the  most  expensive  of  any  tried  up  to 
this  time,  and  perhaps  the  most  unsatisfactory — being  a repetition  of 
the  abuses,  only  on  a larger  scale,  sought  to  be  corrected  by  the  act 
of  1819 — remained  in  operation  until  1852.  Under  this  law  the  first 
contractors  were  Cornelius  Wendell  and  Chas.  Van  Benthuysen.  The 
testimony  taken  before  a committee  of  the  House,  and  of  the  Senate 
also,  Avhen  this  matter  was  investigated  in  1852,  shows  that  this  firm 
took  the  work  at  such  low  rates  that  sufficient  profits  were  not  given 
them,  and  the  contractors,  although  they  filled  their  contract,  were 
greatly  out  of  pocket  at  the  end. 

The  next  printer  under  the  contract  system  was  Father  Ritchie.  He 


24 


Public  Prmting  and  the 

performed  the  work  up  to  the  expiration  of  his  contract;  but  at  the 
next  session  of  Congress  claimed  damages,  for  loss,  which  were  accorded 
him  in  the  sum  of  ^50,000. 

Mr.  Boyd  Hamilton  became  the  next  contractor.  He  executed  the 
printing  down  to  1852,  when  he  failed,  and  gave  up  the  contract. 

The  printing  for  the  first  six  years  under  this  law  cost  the  Govern- 
ment ^3,462,655.12,  or  almost  as  much  as  the  printing  under  the  act 
of  1819  cost  during  the  many  years  it  was  in  force. 

THE  LA  IV  OF  1832. 

The  next  general  law  on  the  subject,  and  which  involved  a radical 
change  in  the  system,  prices,  and  mode  of  executing  the  printing,  was 
passed  on  the  26th  day  of  August,  1852.  It  embodies  a great  many 
features  of  the  present  law  under  which  the  office  is  operated,  and,  al- 
though quite  lengthy,  I deem  it  worthy  of  a place  here,  i/i  extenso. 

ACT  OF  AUGUST  26,  1832. 

“Be  it  enacted,  etc..  That  the  joint  resolution  entitled  “Joint  res- 
olution directing  the  manner  of  procuring  the  printing  for  each  house 
of  Congress,”  approved  August  3,  1846,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby, 
repealed. 

“Sec.  2.  That  there  shall  be  a Superintendent  of  the  Public 
Printing,  who  shall  hold  his  office  for  the  term  of  two  years,  who  shall 
receive  for  his  services  a salary  of  $2,500  per  annum,  and  who  shall 
give  bond  with  two  sureties  to  be  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  in  the  penalty  of  $20,000,  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  his 
duties  under  this  law.  The  said  Superintendent  shall  be  a practical 
printer,  versed  in  the  various  branches  of  the  arts  of  printing  and 
book-binding,  and  he  shall  not  be  interested,  directly  or  indirectly,  in 
any  contract  for  printing  for  Congress  or  for  any  department  or 
bureau  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States.  The  first  Superin- 
tendent under  this  law  shall  hold  his  office  until  the  commencement 
of  the  Thirty-third  Congress,  and  the  Superintendents  thereafter  ap- 
pointed shall  hold  their  offices  for  two  years,  commencing  with  the 
first  day  of  the  session  of  each  Congress. 

“ Sec.  3.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  Superintendent  to  receive 
from  the  Secretary  of  the  Senate  and  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives all  matter  ordered  by  Congress  to  be  printed,  and  from  the  several 
chiefs  of  departments  and  heads  of  bureaus  all  matter  ordered  by  them, 
respectively,  to  be  printed  at  the  public  expense,  and  to  keep  a faith- 
ful account  of  the  same,  in  the  order  in  which  the  same  shall  be 
received,  in  a book  or  books  to  be  by  him  kept  for  that  purpose.  He 
shall  deliver  said  matter  to  the  public  printer  or  printers  in  the  order 
in  which  it  shall  be  received,  unless  otherwise  ordered  by  the  Joint 


Government  Printing  Office. 


25 


Committee  on  Printing.  He  shall  inspect  the  work,  when  executed  by 
the  public  printer  or  printers,  and  shall  record  in  a book  or  books,  to 
be  by  him  kept  for  that  purpose,  the  dates  at  which  the  returns  of  said 
work  are  made,  and  whether  the  same  is  executed  in  a neat  and  work- 
manlike manner,  upon  the  paper  furnished  to  the  public  printers  by 
said  Superintendent,  and  the  amount  allowed  by  said  Superintendent 
for  said  printing.  It  shall  be  his  duty  to  supervise  the  execution  of 
the  public  printing,  to  inspect  the  work  when  executed,  and  to  see  that 
the  same  is  done  with  neatness  and  dispatch ; to  report  every  failure 
or  delinquency  of  duty  on  the  part  of  the  public  printer,  and  from 
time  to  time  to  report  the  said  delinquencies  to  the  Joint  Committee 
of  Congress  on  Printing.  He  shall  issue  his  certificate  for  the  amount 
due  to  the  public  printer  for  such  work  as  shall  have  been  faithfully 
executed,  which  certificate  shall  be  made  payable  to  the  public  printer 
at  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  and  shall  not  be  assignable  or 
transferable  by  indorsement  or  delivery  to  any  third  party.  Said  cer- 
tificate of  the  Superintendent  shall  be  a sufficient  voucher  for  the  Comp- 
troller to  pass,  and  for  the  Treasurer,  upon  the  order  of  the  Second 
Comptroller,  to  pay  the  same. 

“Sec.  4.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  said  Superintendent  of  the 
Public  Printing  to  advertise  annually  in  one  or  more  newspapers  of 
general  circulation  in  the  cities  of  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
Baltimore,  Washington,  New  Orleans,  Louisville,  and  Cincinnati,  for 
the  space  of  sixty  days  prior  to  the  first  of  December,  for  sealed  pro- 
posals to  furnish  the  Government  of  the  United  States  all  paper  which 
may  be  necessary  for  the  execution  of  the  public  printing,  of  quality 
and  quantity  to  be  specified  in  said  advertisements,  from  year  to  year. 
He  shall  open  such  proposals  as  may  be  made,  in  the  presence  of  the 
President  of  the  Senate  and  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
on  the  first  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  of  December  annually, 
provided  a Speaker  shall  have  been  elected,  or  as  soon  thereafter  as  a 
Speaker  shall  be  elected,  and  shall  award  the  contract  for  furnishing  all 
of  said  paper,  or  such  class  thereof  as  may  be  bid  for,  to  the  lowest 
bidder,  whose  sample,  accompanying  his  bid,  shall  most  nearly  approxi- 
mate to  the  quality  of  paper  (size,  weight,  and  texture  all  considered) 
advertised  for  by  the  said  Superintendent.  The  sample  offered,  with 
the  bid  accepted,  shall  be  preserved  by  the  said  Superintendent,  and  it 
shall  be  his  duty  to  compare  these  with  the  paper  furnished  by  the 
public  contractor;  and  he  shall  not  accept  any  paper  from  the  con- 
tractor which  does  not  conform  to  the  sample  preserved  as  aforesaid. 
It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Superintendent  of  the  Public  Printing  to 
deliver  the  paper  for  the  printing  of  the  United  States,  upon  the 
requisitions  of  the  public  printer  or  printers,  and  to  charge  him  or 


26 


Public  Printing  and  the 

them  therewith;  and  as  the  printing  is  returned  and  passed  by  the  said 
Superintendent,  he  shall  credit  the  public  printer  with  the  quantity 
used  in  the  public  service.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  Superintendent 
to  have  the  requisitions  of  the  printer  and  the  returns  of  paper  by  the 
printer  balanced  at  least  once  in  each  year,  and  in  default  thereof  to 
report  the  same  to  Congress  for  such  proceedings  as  Congress  may 
direct.  In  default  of  any  contractor  under  this  law  to  comply  with  his 
contract  in  furnishing  the  paper  in  proper  time  and  of  proper  quality, 
the  Superintendent  is  authorized  to  advertise  for  proposals,  as  herein- 
before provided,  and  award  the  contract  to  the  lowest  bidder;  and  for 
any  increase  of  cost  to  the  Government  in  procuring  a proper  supply  of 
paper  for  the  use  of  the  Government,  the  contractor  in  default  and  his 
securities  shall  be  charged  with  and  held  responsible  for  the  same,  and 
shall  be  prosecuted  upon  their  bond,  by  the  Superintendent,  in  the 
name  of  the  United  States,  in  the  circuit  court  of  the  United  States 
for  the  District  of  Columbia. 

“Sec.  5.  That  the  public  printer  shall  be  required  to  execute  each 
job  of  printing  intrusted  to  him  within  thirty  days  from  the  date  of  its 
delivery  by  the  Superintendent,  except  bills,  reports,  and  joint  resolu- 
tions, which  shall  be  returned  as  the  Clerk  of  the  House  or  Secretary 
of  the  Senate  shall  require,  unless,  for  good  reasons  shown,  the 
Superintendent  of  Printing  shall  extend  the  time.  And  should  the 
printer  detain  any  matter  longer  than  thirty  days,  a deduction  of  five 
per  centum  shall  be  made  by  the  Superintendent  from  the  account  of 
the  printer  for  such  job,  and  an  additional  deduction  of  five  per 
centum  for  an  additional  detention  of  twenty  days.  If  the  public 
printer  shall  detain  such  matter  for  sixty  days,  the  Superintendent 
shall  withdraw  it  entirely,  and  shall  employ  another  printer  to  execute 
the  same  with  promptness,  upon  the  terms  provided  by  law,  and  in 
such  case  the  public  printer  shall  not  be  allowed  therefor. 

“Sec.  6.  That  the  Superintendent  of  the  Public  Printing  shall  not 
be  directly  or  indirectly  interested  in  the  business  of  the  public  print- 
ing, or  in  any  material  to  be  used  by  the  public  printer,  or  in 
any  contract  for  furnishing  paper  to  Congress  or  to  any  department  or 
bureau  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States.  For  any  violation 
of  this  provision,  the  Superintendent  of  the  Public  Printing  shall 
forfeit  his  office,  and  may  be  indicted  before  the  district  courts  for 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  if  found  guilty,-shall  be  imprisoned  in 
the  penitentiary  of  the  District  of  Columbia  for  any  term  not  less  than 
one  or  more  than  five  years,  and,  in  addition  thereto,  may  be  fined  in 
any  sum  from  one  thousand  to  ten  thousand  dollars. 

“Sec.  7.  That  when  any  document  shall  be  ordered  to  be  printed 
by  both  houses  of  Congress,  the  entire  printing  of  such  document 


Govermnent  Prmting  Office. 


27 


shall  be  done  by  the  printer  of  that  house  which  first  ordered  the 
same.  And  whenever  the  same  person  or  the  same  firm  shall  be 
printers  for  both  houses  of  Congress,  and  both  houses  shall  order  the 
same  document  to  be  printed  within  three  weeks  of  the  same  time, 
composition  shall  be  charged  but  once  for  said  document;  and  no  sum 
shall  be  paid  to  said  printer  for  altering  the  headings  from  the  form  in 
which  he  printed  them  first  to  the  form  or  forms  in  which  such  docu- 
ment shall  afterwards  be  printed. 

“Sec.  8.  That  there  shall  be  elected  a public  printer  for  each  house 
of  Congress,  to  do  the  public  printing  for  the  Congress  for  which  he 
or  they  may  be  chosen,  and  such  printing  for  the  executive  depart- 
ments and  bureaus  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  as  may  be 
delivered  to  him  or  them  to  be  printed  by  the  Superintendent  of  the 
Public  Printing. 

“The  following  rates  of  compensation  shall  be  paid  from  time  to 
time  for  such  printing  as  may  be  ordered  by  Congress ; 

“First.  For  bills  and  joint  resolutions:  For  composition  per  page, 
50  cents;  for  press-work,  folding  and  stitching,  for  580  copies,  32^ 
cents  per  page ; and  at  the  same  rate  per  page  for  any  greater  number, 
not  exceeding  1,000  copies. 

“ Second.  For  reports  of  committees  and  the  journals  of  both  houses, 
with  indexes,  and  the  executive  documents  of  each  house,  embracing 
messages  from  the  President,  reports  from  the  executive  departments, 
bureaus  and  offices,  and  documents  and  statements  communicated  there- 
with, with  indexes;  resolutions  and  other  documents  from  State  legis- 
latures ; memorials,  petitions,  treaties,  and  confidential  documents  for 
the  Senate  ; for  compensation  per  page,  octavo  : for  small  pica  plain, 

; for  small  pica  rule,  ^1.50;  for  brevier  plain,  ^1.50;  for  brevier 
rule,  $2;  for  nonpareil  rule,  ^3.75.  For  the  composition  of  tables 
larger  than  octavo  size,  per  1000  ems,  70  cents ; but  the  page  of  octavo 
size  shall  contain  not  less  than  1600  ems  when  printed  in  small  pica; 
and  the  body  of  all  plain  matter  shall  be  so  printed,  except  extracts, 
yeas  and  nays,  and  addenda,  which  shall  be  printed  in  brevier  type.  All 
rule  and  figure  work  shall  be  printed  in  royal  octavo  form,  with  small 
pica,  each  page  containing  not  less  than  1600  ems,  if  the  matter  to  be 
printed  can  be  brought  into  pages  of  that  size  with  that  kind  of  type, 
so  as  to  be  read  with  facility  and  convenience.  If  it  cannot,  it  shall  be 
printed  with  brevier  type,  each  page  containing  not  less  than  2800 
ems;  and  if  it  cannot  be  brought  into  a royal  octavo  page  with  brevier 
type,  so  as  to  be  understood  with  facility,  it  shall  be  printed  with  non- 
pareil type,  each  page  containing  not  less  than  4200  ems ; and  when  it 
cannot  be  brought  into  a royal  octavo  page  with  nonpareil  type,  so  as 
to  be  read  with  facility,  it  shall  be  printed  with  brevier  type  in  a 


28 


Public  Printing  and  the 

broadside,  showing  the  whole  table  at  one  view,  and  be  so  filled  that 
it  can  be  bound  in  a royal  octavo  volume.  When  matter  is  leaded, 
the  composition  shall  be  counted  as  if  the  matter  were  printed  solid, 
and  not  leaded.  For  press-work  folding  and  stitching  of  royal  octavo 
size:  for  1,250  copies,  32^  cents  per  page,  and  at  the  same  rate  for 
any  greater  number  not  exceeding  1,500  copies.  For  press-work,  fold- 
ing and  stitching  of  each  table  larger  than  royal  octavo  size,  for  1,250 
copies,  $1.25  per  page,  and  at  the  same  rate  for  any  number  not  ex- 
ceeding 1,500  copies.  The  following  deductions  on  account  of  folding 
and  stitching  copies  reserved  for  binding  shall  be  made  : For  royal 
octavo  size,  per  page,  for  each  100  copies,  ^ of  a cent;  for  each  table 
larger  than  octavo,  ^ of  a cent ; and  the  following  additional  charges 
shall  be  allowed  for  trimming,  folding,  and  stitching,  and  inserting 
each  map,  chart,  diagram,  or  plate  in  the  copies  not  reserved  for  bind- 
ing: for  each  100  copies,  10  cents.  There  shall  be  allowed  for  press- 
work  on  treaties,  reports,  and  other  documents,  when  ordered  to  be 
printed  in  confidence  for  the  use  of  the  Senate,  at  the  following  rates : 
For  the  press-work,  folding  and  stitching  of  65  copies,  6 cents  per 
^age,  when  of  the  royal  octavo  size,  and  $i  per  page  for  65  copies, 
vvhjn  the  matter  cannot  be  contained  in  the  royal  octavo  page  in  any 
type  hereinbefore  specified  ; and  allowance  shall  be  made  at  the  same 
rates  for  any  greater  number  of  copies  than  65,  and  not  exceeding  100. 

“Third.  For  tabular  statements  of  the  orders  of  the  day,  lists  of 
yeas  and  nays,  circular  letters,  and  miscellaneous  printing  ordered  by 
Congress,  not  hereinbefore  specified:  For  composition  for  plain  work, 
per  1000  ems,  50  cents;  for  rule  and  figure  work,  50  cents  per  1000 
ems;  for  press-work,  folding  and  stitching,  100  copies,  per  page,  for  royal 
octavo,  or  smaller  size,  10  cents;  for  quarto  post,  20  cents;  for  fools- 
cap and  any  larger  size,  20  cents.  But  the  following  deductions  shall 
be  made  from  the  press-work,  folding  and  stitching  additional  numbers 
to  the  numbers  usually  ordered  by  Congress  of  matter  included  in  the 
foregoing  specifications,  to  wit : When  the  number  ordered  exceeds 
5,000  and  does  not  exceed  10,000,  2 per  centum;  when  the  number 
exceeds  10,000  and  does  not  exceed  20,000,  5 per  centum;  when  the 
number  exceeds  20,000,  40  per  centum. 

“The  press-work,  folding  and  stitching,  of  all  printing  not  herein 
provided  for,  shall  be  done  by  the  ream;  the  rates  shall  be  $2  per 
ream  when  printed  on  one  side,  and  ^4  per  ream  when  printed  on  both 
sides;  when  any  amount  less  than  one  ream  is  ordered,  it  shall  be 
counted  and  settled  for  as  one  ream. 

“Sec.  9.  That  the  regular  number  of  documents  ordered  by  Con- 
gress shall  be  printed  in  octavo  form,  on  paper  weighing  not  less  than 
56  pounds  for  each  480  sheets,  and  measuring  24  by  38  inches,  and 


Government  Printing  Office. 


29 


the  extra  numbers  shall  be  printed  on  paper  weighing  not  less  than  45 
pounds  for  every  480  sheets,  and  measuring  24  by  38  inches.  The 
paper  for  any  other  species  of  printing  ordered  by  Congress,  may  be  of 
such  size  and  quality  as  the  Superintendent  of  the  Public  Printing  may 
deem  suitable  and  proper. 

“Sec.  to.  That  the  public  printer  or  printers  may  be  required  by 
rhe  Superintendent  to  work  at  night  as  well  as  through  the  day  upon 
the  public  printing,  during  the  session  of  Congress,  when  the  exigencies 
of  the  public  service  require  it. 

“Sec.  II.  That  the  same  prices  shall  be  paid  for  printing  for  the 
executive  departments  that  are  paid  for  printing  for  Congress,  except 
for  printing  post-bills,  which  shall  be  printed  on  paper  not  less  than  16 
by  26  inches,  and  for  printing  on  parchment.  There  shall  be  paid  for 
printing  the  post-bills  at  the  rate  of  ^i  per  1,000  sheets,  and  at  the  rate 
of  ^10  per  1,000  for  printing  parchments;  but  nothing  shall  be  allowed 
for  altering  post-bills  when  the  alteration  consists  in  the  mere  change 
of  a postmaster’s  name:  and  nothing  herein  contained  shall  prevent 
the  heads  of  executive  departments  from  employing  printers  out  of  the 
city  of  Washington,  to  execute  such  printing  for  any  of  said  depart- 
ments as  may  be  required  for  use  out  of  Washington,  when  the  same 
can  be  executed  elsewhere  as  cheap  as  at  the  rates  herein  specified, 
increased  by  the  cost  of  transporting  the  printed  matter  to  the  State  or 
States  where  such  matter  may  be  required  for  use  in  the  public  service.’ 

Section  12  provided  for  the  appointment  of  a Joint  Committee  on 
Printing,  and  section  13  for  the  repeal  of  conflicting  laws,  etc. 

Under  this  law  the  President  appointed  John  T.  Towers,  who  was 
at  that  time  a prominent  citizen  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
afterwards  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Washington,  Superintendent. 

Mr.  Towers  was  a practical  printer,  having  finished  his  trade  in  the 
office  of  Duff  Green  when  he  was  printer  to  the  Senate  in  1830.  He 
was  afterwards  foreman  in  the  office  of  Thomas  Allen,  when  the  latter 
gentleman  was  printer  to  the  Senate.  Mr.  T.  subsequently  established 
a book  and  job  printing  office,  which  he  successfully  conducted  until 
his  appointment  as  Superintendent  of  Public  Printing,  which  office  he 
held  until  December,  1853,  when  his  term  expired  by  limitation  of 
law.  He  died  in  1857. 

A.  G.  Seaman  succeeded  Mr.  Towers  as  Superintendent  in  1853, 
and  served  for  two  terms — four  years — when  he  was  in  turn  succeeded 
by  George  W.  Bowman,  of  Pennsylvania.  John  Heart  became  Super- 
intendent in  1859,  and  remained  in  office  until  March  23,  1861. 

General  Robert  Armstrong  was  elected  printer  to  the  House  of 
Representatives  on  the  27th  of  August,  1852,  and  on  the  following 
day  was  also  elected  printer  to  the  Senate.  Among  the  candidates 


30 


Public  Printmg  and  the 

for  election  to  the  office  secured  by  General  Armstrong  appear  the 
historic  names  of  Horace  Greeley,  W.  P.  Brownlow,  and  H.  J.  Ray- 
mond. General  Armstrong  was  re-elected  printer  to  the  House, 
December  7,  1853;  and  on  the  12th  Beverly  Tucker,  of  Virginia,  was 
elected  printer  to  the  Senate.  General  Armstrong  died  while  in  office, 
and  was  succeeded  by  A.  O.  P.  Nicholson,  of  Tennessee. 

February  13,  1856,  after  numerous  ballots  were  taken,  Cornelius 
Wendell,  the  founder  of  the  Government  Printing  Office,  was  elected 
printer  to  the  Senate. 

Among  the  candidates  appear  the  names  of  John  D.  Defrees,  the 
present  Public  Printer,  Francis  P.  Blair,  jr.,  and  Owen  Follett,  of 
Columbus,  Ohio,  who,  for  many  years,  was  well  known  in  the  West  by 
reason  of  his  connection  with  the  publishing  firm  of  Follett,  Foster  & 
Co.,  of  Columbus. 

December  9,  1857,  General  J.  B.  Steadman  was  elected  printer  to 
the  House;  and  December  17,  William  A.  Harris  was  elected  printer 
to  the  Senate. 

The  most  protracted  struggle  in  the  election  of  printer  occurred  dur- 
ing the  First  Session  of  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress.  The  first  ballot 
was  taken  on  February  13,  i860,  and  balloting  was  continued,  with 
numerous  short  postponements,  up  to  the  2d  of  March,  when  Tom 
Ford,  of  Ohio,  was  declared  elected.  Among  the  candidates  was  Mr. 
Defrees,  who,  up  to  the  fourteenth  ballot,  was  the  leading  candidate. 
Mr.  Defrees’  name  was  withdrawn,  however,  at  his  request,  and  on  the 
fifth  ballot  thereafter  Mr.  Ford  was  chosen. 

In  the  Senate,  A.  O.  P.  Nicholson  was  again  elected  printer, 
January  31,  1856,  and  served  until  the  election  of  General  Bowman, 
January  17,  i860. 

Although  the  act  of  1852  was  a decided  improvement  over  that  of 
1846,  the  printing  under  it  proved  very  expensive;  but  the  main 
difficulty  was  the  want  of  an  office  with  proper  facilities  for  executing 
the  printing  promptly  and  uniformly.  The  demands  of  the  Govern- 
ment had  increased  to  such  an  extent  that,  up  to  1856,  no  single 
printing  office  in  Washington  was  capable  of  handling  all  the  printing 
required;  and  the  result  was  that  a variety  of  styles,  etc.,  prevailed  in 
the  printed  documents,  which  gave  general  dissatisfaction,  and 
produced  much  inconvenience.  The  erection  by  Mr.  Wendell  of  the 
large  establishment  on  H and  North  Capitol  streets,  which  afterwards 
became  the  Government  Printing  Office,  somewhat  relieved  these 
troubles;  but,  as  he  had  to  run  his  chances  in  getting  the  work,  no 
certain  remedy  followed  his  enterprise. 

In  1861,  the  Government  became  the  owner  of  what  is  now  known 
as  the  Government  Printing  Office  building,  under  the  act  of  June  23, 


Governme7it  Prmting  Office.  31 

i860.  The  contract  for  its  purchase  was  consummated  on  the  ist  day 
of  December,  i860,  and  approved  by  the  Joint  Committee  on  Printing 
of  the  two  houses  of  Congress  on  the  12th  of  the  same  month.  The 
law  of  June  23,  i860,  is  now  embodied,  in  an  abbreviated  form,  in  sec- 
tions 3756  to  3828  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  and  will  be  found  almost 
in  its  entirety  in  the  appendix  to  this  volume. 

Mr.  John  Heart,  of  Pennsylvania,  served  out  his  term  of  ofhce  under 
the  old  law,  up  to  March,  1861,  when,  on  the  accession  of  Mr.  Lincoln 
to  the  Presidency,  John  D.  Defrees,  of  Indiana,  was  appointed  the 
first  Superintendent  of  Public  Printing,  after  the  purchase  of  the 
building  and  machinery,  etc.,  and  assumed  charge  of  the  establishment 
on  the  23d  of  March,  1861. 

Upon  Mr.  Defrees  devolved  the  task  of  reorganizing  the  mode  of 
executing  the  public  printing,  and  devising  the  many  checks  and  safe- 
guards tor  its  prompt  and  economical  execution.  The  present  com- 
plete system  of  keeping  the  accounts,  and  rendering  the  proper  vouchers 
for  work  performed,  was  inaugurated  during  his  first  term  as  Super- 
intendent ; and  from  an  office  with  300  employes,  Mr.  Defrees  has 
seen  it  increase  until  it  now  gives  work,  in  its  busiest  season,  to  more 
than  six  times  that  number. 

Mr.  Defrees  remained  Superintenaent  until  1866,  when  he  was  re- 
moved by  Andrew  Johnson,  and  Cornelius  Wendell  appointed.  Mr. 
Wendell,  however,  did  not  have  long  to  serve,  as  Congress  at  its  next 
session  changed  the  mode  of  appointment  and  name  of  the  office,  and 
Mr.  Defrees  was  elected  by  the  Senate,  and  restored  to  his  old  position 
under  the  title  of  Congressional  Printer. 

A faithful  biographical  sketch  of  the  present  Superintendent  of  Gov- 
ernment Printing  would  have  to  include  a reference  to  all  the  import- 
ant political  events  of  the  past  forty  or  fifty  years,  in  most  of  which 
he  has  played  no  inconspicuous  part.  In  a ivork  of  this  character 
such  a sketch,  although  it  would  doubtless  prove  both  interesting  and 
instructive,  is  not  expected — indeed,  might  not  be  deemed  appropriate 
by  many — and  the  author  will  therefore  confine  himself  to  a statement 
of  facts,  with  as  little  elaboration  as  possible. 

John  Dougherty  Defrees  was  born  at  Sparta,  Tennessee,  on  the 
8th  day  of  November,  1810.  His  father,  dissatisfied  with  a State 
which  permitted  and  fostered  slavery,  determined  to  make  his  home 
in  Ohio,  to  which  State  he  removed  in  1818,  settling  in  Piqua. 

At  the  age  of  fourteen  young  Defrees  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the 
printing  business,  which  at  that  time  meant  press-work  as  well  as  type- 
setting. After  serving  three  years  the  office  failed,  and  he  started  out 
on  a tramp  as  a journeyman  printer.  During  this  tour  he  worked  at 
Xenia  and  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  on  the  Louisville  Journal.  The 


32 


Public  Printing  and  the 

latter  paper  was  edited  and  published  by  George  D.  Prentice,  between 
whom  and  young  Defrees  an  acquaintance  was  made  which  soon  grew 
into  a warm  friendship,  and  which  continued  until  the  death  of  this 
eminent  journalist  and  poet  many  years  afterwards. 

Returning  to  Ohio  after  a brief  absence,  we  next  find  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  writing  in  the  clerk’s  office  at  Lebanon.  He  was  now  in 
his  eighteenth  year.  The  business  of  the  office  was  not  sufficient  to 
employ  all  his  time,  and  being  both  industrious  and  ambitious,  he  de- 
termined to  devote  his  leisure  moments  to  reading  law.  This  he  at 
once  commenced,  under  the  guidance  and  instruction  of  Messrs.  Collet 
& Corwin,  the  Mr.  Corwin  of  the  firm  being  the  distinguished  Thomas 
Corwin,  of  that  State.  From  the  day  he  entered  the  office  of  these 
gentlemen  he  seems  to  have  gained  the  esteem  and  confidence  especi- 
ally of  the  junior  member  of  the  firm — a gentleman  who  was  so  shortly 
to  gain  the  name  of  the  most  brilliant  and  gifted  orator  of  his 
generation.  In  after  years,  when  the  name  of  the  “Wagon  Boy” 
of  Ohio  was  as  familiar  as  a household  word,  and  he  was  being  courted 
by  the  great  of  the  land,  and  revered  and  almost  worshiped  by  the 
humbler  class  of  citizens,  he  seems  never  to  have  forgotten  his  former 
pupil,  but  kept  up  his  intimate  relations  of  friendship  by  visits  and  an 
uninterrupted  correspondence,  which  ceased  only  with  the  close  of 
his  honored  life. 

In  1831,  in  company  with  his  brother,  Joseph  H.,  Mr.  Defrees  left 
Ohio  for  Indiana,  and  eventually  located  at  South  Bend,  St.  Joseph 
County.  This  county  was  then  occupied  by  the  Pottawatomie  Indians. 
Here  he  and  his  brother  established  a newspaper,  which  they  con- 
tinued to  manage  until  the  year  1833.  In  this  year  he  was  licensed  by 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Indiana  to  practice  law,  and,  selling  out  his  in- 
terest in  the  newspaper,  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
South  Bend.  He  continued  in  the  practice  of  law  for  some  years, 
and  met  with  gratifying  success.  During  his  residence  here  he  several 
times  represented  St.  Joseph  County  in  the  lower  branch  of  the  Legis- 
lature, and  afterwards  the  counties  of  St.  Joseph,  Marshall,  and  Fulton 
in  the  State  Senate. 

While  a member  of  the  State  Senate,  in  1845,  purchased  the  of- 
fice of  the  Indiana  State  Journal,  a paper  published  at  Indianapolis, 
and  shortly  thereafter  removed  to  that  city.  As  the  editor  of  this 
journal  he  soon  became  known  throughout  his  own  and  in  neighbor- 
mg  States  as  one  of  the  most  fearless,  caustic,  and  brilliant  political 
writers  in  the  West.  From  the  time  he  was  able  to  form  opinions  of 
his  own  he  espoused  the  principles  of  the  Whig  party,  and  until  the 
time  of  the  disintegration  of  that  party'  he  was  one  of  its  ablest  sup- 
porters and  most  trusted  leaders.  He  was  for  many  years  Chairman 


Fublic  Primer^ 


•I 


X-  ' 


i ■ 

T 


Govermnent  Printing  Office. 


■> 

JO 

of  the  Whig  State  Central  Committee  of  Indiana,  and  was  a Delegate 
to  the  Whig  and  National  Republican  Conventions  of  1848,  1852,  and 
1856.  As  a party  manager  he  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  ablest  the 
State  ever  produced.  His  acquaintance  in  the  State  was  perhaps 
larger  than  that  of  any  other  person  resident  there  prior  to  1861. 
There  was  not  a county,  a township,  or  even  a school  district  in 
which  he  had  not  a number  of  acquaintances,  and  with  whose  feel- 
ings, interests,  and  desires  he  was  not  familiar.  This  extensive  ac- 
quaintance gave  him  a great  advantage  in  the  many  hotly-contested 
battles  which  periodically  occurred  between  the  Whig  and  Democratic, 
and  afterwards  between  the  Republican  and  Democratic  parties  of  his 
adopted  State. 

During  the  Presidential  contest  of  1848,  Mr.  Defrees  became  known 
to  most  of  the  leaders  of  the  Whig  party  throughout  the  country. 
Many  years  previous  he  had  made  the  acquaintance  of  Mr.  Clay,  to 
whose  cause  he  had  been  and  still  was  most  devotedly  attached,  and 
whose  confidence  and  esteem  he  had  gained  and  continued  to  retain 
up  to  the  time  of  the  death  of  that  great  statesman. 

Some  weeks  after  the  close  of  the  contest  which  resulted  in  the  elec- 
tion of  General  Zachary  Taylor,  he  was  invited  by  Mr.  Crittenden, 
then  Governor  of  Kentucky,  to  visit  him  at  his  home  for  the  purpose 
of  meeting  the  President-elect,  who  was  to  stop  over  with  him  for  a 
day  or  two  on  his  way  to  Washington.  It  was  at  this  meeting  that 
General  Taylor  tendered  him  an  important  mission  abroad,  which  he 
declined  with  thanks ; remarking  as  he  did  so  that  there  was  no  posi- 
tion within  the  gift  of  the  President-elect  of  sufficient  importance  to 
induce  him  to  leave  the  country  even  for  a brief  period. 

Henry  Ward  Beecher,  now  one  of  the  most  distinguished  and  elo- 
quent preachers  of  the  age,  was  a resident  of  Indianapolis  when  Mr. 
Defrees  took  charge  of  the  Journal.  He  soon  became  an  occasional 
contributor  to  the  paper,  and  ultimately  a regular  writer  on  subjects 
relating  to  the  farm  and  garden.  As  editor  of  the  agricultural  de- 
partment of  the  Journal,  he  is  unquestionably  entitled  to  the  honor  of 
being  regarded  as  the  pioneer  of  the  agricultural  literature  of  the  West. 
This  gentleman,  who  has  since  attained  such  distinction  as  a divine, 
no  doubt  did  his  first  newspaper  writing  for  this  journal. 

Mr.  Wendell,  who  was  Superintendent  under  President  Johnson,  was 
born  at  Cambridge,  near  Albany,  N.  Y.,  in  18.13,  and  died  at  North- 
ampton, Mass.,  October  9,  1870.  He  was  educated  in  a printing 
office,  where,  with  remarkable  ability  and  industry,  he  soon  acquired  a 
knowledge  of  the  printer’s  art.  His  first  connection  with  the  printing 
for  the  Government  was  when  he,  with  Mr.  Van  Benthuysen,  obtained 
a contract  under  the  Garrett  Davis  resolution  of  1846.  His  subsequent 
3 


34 


Public  Pi'inting  and  the 

career  in  connection  with  the  Government  printing  is  familiar  to  many 
of  the  older  printers  of  the  present  day.  Although  connected  with  that 
branch  of  the  Government  service  for  many  years,  as  contractor,  sub- 
contractor, and  Superintendent  of  Printing,  and  during  some  of  the 
most  troublesome  periods  of  its  history,  his  character  for  probity  was 
never  called  in  dispute.  His  success  in  executing  the  printing  was  in 
a great  degree  attributed  to  the  excellent  relations  which  always  existed 
between  him  and  his  employes. 

Mr.  Almon  M.  Clapp,  late  editor  and  manager  of  the  National  Re- 
publican newspaper  of  Washington  City,  superseded  Mr.  Defrees  April 
15,  1869,  having  been  elected  to  the  office  by  the  Senate.  Mr.  Clapp 
is  now  one  of  the  recognized  prominent  citizens  of  Washington.  He 
was  born  at  Killingly,  Conn.,  September  14,  1811,  and  removed  with 
his  father  in  1818  to  Western  New  York,  then  a comparative  wilder- 
ness. His  father  purchased  and  opened  a farm,  and  young  Clapp  re- 
mained with  him  until  his  fifteenth  year,  when  he  entered  a small 
printing  office  in  the  village  of  Geneseo  as  an  apprentice.  In  1828  he 
went  to  the  then  village  of  Buffalo,  where  he  completed  his  education 
as  a printer  in  the  office  of  Day,  Follet  & Haskins.  He  afterwards,  at- 
tended a classical  school  for  a few  months.  In  1833  he  ventured  into 
the  mercantile  business,  which  proved  disastrous  financially  j and  in 
1835,  with  the  aid  of  friends,  he  established  a small  weekly  newspaper, 
the  Aurora  Standard,  which  he  published  and  edited  successfully  for 
three  years. 

In  the  winter  of  183 7-’ 38,  Mr.  Clapp,  who  held  a commission  as 
captain  in  the  New  York  State  Militia,  was  ordered  with  his  company 
to  Buffalo,  in  the  emergency  of  a threatened  war  with  Canada.  He 
was  in  the  service  three  months,  when  the  difficulty  was  adjusted,  and 
he  was  relieved,  but  remained  in  the  city,  and  in  July  of  that  year  be- 
came connected  with  the  proprietorship  of  the  Commercial  Advertiser. 
In  1839  he  disposed  of  his  interest  in  that  paper,  and  embarked  in  the 
book  and  job  printing  business,  and  in  1846  established  the  Buffalo 
Express. 

Mr.  Clapp  has  always  been  an  active  politician,  first  as  a Whig  and 
then  as  a Republican.  Among  the  public  offices  which  he  has  held 
were  Clerk  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  of  Erie  County  in  1839,  Loan 
Commissioner  of  the  United  States  Deposit  Fund  for  ten  years,  mem- 
ber of  the  Legislative  Assembly  in  1853,  to  which  office  he  declined  a 
re-election,  and  Postmaster  at  Buffalo  from  1861  to  1866,  when  he  was 
removed  by  President  Johnson.  In  1857  he  was  a candidate  for 
Secretary  of  State  on  the  Republican  ticket,  and  shared  his  party’s 
defeat,  and  was  also  defeated  as  the  Republican  candidate  for  Con- 
gress in  1866. 


Goveinimejit  Printing  Office.  35 

Soon  after  his  retirement  from  the  office  of  Public  Printer,  he  became 
managing  editor  of  the  National  Republican,  at  Washington,  which 
position  he  occupied  until  January,  1881.  He  still  resides  in  Wash- 
ington, holding  no  public  position,  but  much  respected  by  the  entire 
community. 

An  act  approved  July  31,  1876,  provided  “ that  so  much  of  all  laws 
or  parts  of  laws  as  provide  for  the  election  or  appointment  of  Public 
Printer  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  repealed,  to  take  effect  from  and 
after  the  passage  of  this  act;  and  the  President  of  the  United  States 
shall  appoint,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  a 
suitable  person,  who  must  be  a practical  printer,  and  versed  in  the  art 
of  book-binding,  to  take  charge  of  and  manage  the  Government  Print- 
ing Office,  from  and  after  the  date  aforesaid ; he  shall  be  called  Public 
Printer,”  etc. 

Prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act,  the  officer  in  charge  of  the  Gov- 
ernment Printing  Office,  as  previously  stated,  was  called  “Congress- 
ional Printer”;  but  in  1874  a proviso  was  attached  to  an  appropriation 
bill  which  repealed,  upon  the  first  vacancy  that  should  occur,  the  law 
relating  to  the  election  of  Congressional  Printer,  and  provided  that 
thereafter  the  officer  should  be  called  Public  Printer.  Up  to  July  31, 
1876,  no  vacancy  having  occurred,  the  act  of  that  date  was  passed, 
providing  for  the  change  in  the  title  of  the  officer. 

Under  this  law  Mr.  Clapp  was  appointed  Public  Printer  by  President 
Grant,  and  remained  in  office  until  the  present  incumbent,  Mr.  Defrees, 
was  commissioned  by  President  Hayes,  on  June  i,  1877. 


CHAPTER  II. 


THE  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE. 

SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  PUBLIC  PRINTING  FROM  1 8 $2  tO  1 88 1. 


John  T.  Towers . . 
A.  G.  Seaman. . . 
Geo.  W.  Bowman 

John  Heart 

John  D.  Defrees . . 
Cornelius  Wendell 
John  D.  Defrees . . 

A.  M.  Clapp 

John  D.  Defrees . . 


NAME. 


FROM — 


TO  — 


Sept.  I,  1852 
Dec.  7,  1853 
Dec.  — , 1857 
May  13,  1859 
Mar.  23,  1861 
Sept.  I,  1866 
Mar.  I,  1867 
April  15,  1869 
June  I,  1877 


Dec. 

Dec. 

May 

Mar. 

Aug. 

Feb. 

April 

May 


6,  1853 

— . 1857 

12,  1859 
4,  i86r 
31,  1866 
28,  1867 
14,  1869 

30,  1877 


CHIEF  CLERKS  IN  THE  OFFICE  OF  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  PUBLIC 
PRINTING  FROM  1852  TO  1881. 


NAME. 

FROM — 

TO — 

William  Towers 

Sept.  I,  1852 
Sept.  I,  1868 
April  16,  1869 
June  I,  1877 
July  I,  1877 

Aug.  31,  1868 
April  15,  1869 
May  31,  1877 
June  30,  1877 

Madison  Davis 

H.  H.  Clapp 

Madison  Davis 

A.  F.  Childs 

FOREMEN  AND  ASSISTANT  FOREMEN  OF  PRINTING  FROM  1 86 1 tO  1 88 1. 


Foremen  of  Printing. 

James  English 

John  H.  Cunningham 

Chas.  E.  Lathrop 

Harrison  G.  Otis 

N.  F.  Ethell 

Henry  T.  Brian 

A.  H.  S.  Davis 


from  1861  to  1865. 

“ 1865  to  1867. 

“ 1867  to  1869. 

“ 1869  to  1870. 

“ 1870  to  1871 

“ 1871  to  1877. 

" 1877  to . 

(37) 


38  Public  Prmting  and  the 

Assistant  Foremen  of  Prmtmg. 

John  H.  Cunningham from  1861  to  1865. 

Richard  W.  Claxton “ 1865  to  1866. 

Madison  Davis “ 1866  to  1867. 

E.  J.  Burnham “ 1866  to  1867. 

M.  R.  Woodward •“  1867  to  1869. 

D.  W.  Flynn •'  1869  to  1870. 

H.  T.  Brian “ 1870  to  1871. 

R.  W.  Kerr “ 1871  to  1873. 

J.  M.  A.  Spottswood “ 1873  to ■ 

FOREMEN  AND  ASSISTANT  FOREMEN  OF  BINDING  FROM  l86l  TO  l88l. 
Foremen  of  Bifiding. 

George  P.  Goff. from  1861  to  1866. 

John  Tretler “ 1866  to  1867. 

George  P.  Goff. “ 1867  to  1869. 

J.  H.  Roberts “ 1869  to . 

Assistant  Foremen  of  Binding. 

J.  H.  Roberts from  1861  to  1866. 

A.  Fitzsimmons  “ 1866101867. 

J.  H.  Roberts ••  1867  to  1869. 

Jas.  Mattingly “ 1869  to  1871. 

Jas.  W.  White “ 1871  to . 

PRESENT  ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  OFFICE. 

Office  of  Public  Printer. 

Date  of  appointment. 

John  D.  Defrees,  Public  Printer June  i,  1877. 

Albert  F.  Childs,  Chief  Clerk July  i,  1877. 

John  Larcombe,  Disbursing  Clerk _ April  i,  1861. 

H.  H.Twombly,  Executive  Clerk July  i,  1877. 

J.  R.  Offley,  Entry  Clerk July  i,  1877. 

W.  H.  Collins,  Estimate  Clerk July  i,  1878. 

Chas.  B.  Hough,  Clerk July  i,  1877. 

A.  H.  Post,  Record  Clerk  July  i,  1878. 

David  Nicholson,  Telegraph  Operator Feb.  i,  1874. 

Foreman  of  Printing  and  Assistants. 

A.  H.  S.  Davis,  Foreman  of  Printing June  i,  1877. 

J.  M.  A.  Spottswood,  Assistant  Foreman  of  Printing Mar.  i,  1873. 

R.  W.  Kerr,  Assistant July  i,  1877. 

H.  Groshon,  Assistant  in  charge  of  Job  Room Dec.  8,  1880. 

O.  H.  Reed,  Assistant  in  charge  of  Press  Room June  i,  1877. 

A.  J.  Donaldson,  Assistant July  i,  1877. 

J.  D.  Eskew,  Assistant  in  charge  of  Specification  Room June  i,  1877. 

E.  W.  Oyster,  Assistant  in  charge  of  Record  Room July  i,  1877. 

D.  W.  Beach,  Assistant July  i,  1877. 


39 


Government  Printing  Office. 


P.  L.  Rodier,  Assistant  in  charge  of  Branch  Office May  17,  1869. 

T.  B.  Penicks,  Superintendent  in  charge  of  Folding  Room Mar.  i,  1867. 

Geo.  Fordham,  Assistant April  i,  1871. 

Alex.  Elliott,  jr.,  Superintendent  in  charge  of  Stereotype  Dep’t. . Sept,  i,  1869. 

Fore7nan  of  Bm ding  and  Assistants. 

J.  H.  Roberts,  Foreman  of  Binding April  15,  1869. 

}as.  W.  White,  Assistant  Foreman  of  Binding May  i,  1871. 

A.  D.  Stidham,  Assistant Aug.  i,  1877. 


OFFICE  OF  THE  PUBLIC  PRINTER. 

The  office  of  Superintendent  of  Public  Printing  was  created  by  the 
act  of  August  26,  1852,  which  provided  that  he  should  be  appointed 
by  the  President,  that  the  term  of  office  should  be  two  years,  the  com- 
pensation $2,500  per  annum,  and  the  bond  for  the  faithful  perform- 
ance of  the  duties  $20,000.  The  duties  of  the  Superintendent  under 
this  law,  however,  were  only  those  of  an  auditor,  and  did  not  embrace 
the  many  and  onerous  labors  devolving  upon  that  officer  upon  the  pas- 
sage of  the  law  creating  the  Government  Printing  Office. 

The  joint  resolution  of  December  18,  1862,  increased  the  bond  of 
the  Superintendent  to  $40,000,  and  it  was  again  increased,  by  the 
joint  resolution  of  January  15,  1866,  to  $80,000.  The  salary  of  the 
Superintendent  was  also  raised,  during  the  war,  to  $4,000. 

On  the  22d  of  February,  1867,  an  act  was  approved  which  provided 
for  the  election  of  “some  competent  person,  who  shall  be  a practical 
printer,  to  take  charge  of  and  manage  the  Government  Printing  Of- 
fice,” and  providing  also  “ that  the  person  so  selected  shall  be  deemed 
an  officer  of  the  Senate,  and  shall  be  designated  Congressional  Printer.” 
This  new  official  was  to  be  governed  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties  by 
the  laws  then  in  force  in  relation  to  the  Superintendent  of  Public 
Printing,  and  the  latter  office  was  abolished. 

The  office  of  “Public  Printer”  was  created  by  the  act  of  June  20, 
1874,  which  says:  “That  so  much  of  the  act  entitled  ‘An  act  provid- 
ing for  the  election  of  a Congressional  Printer,  * * * as  provides  for 
the  election  of  such  officer  by  the  Senate  * * * shall  cease  and  deter- 
mine and  become  of  no  effect  from  and  after  the  date  of  the  first 
vacancy  occurring  in  said  office ; that  the  title  of  said  officer  shall 
hereafter  be  Public  Printer,  * * * and  said  office  shall  be  filled  by 
appointment  of  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Senate.” 

Up  to  July,  1876,  no  vacancy  having  occurred,  an  act  was  passed  on 
the  last  day  of  that  month  repealing  all  laws  concerning  the  election 
or  appointment  of  Public  Printer,  and  providing  that  the  President 
should  appoint,  upon  the  passage  of  the  act,  with  the  advice  and  con- 


40 


Public  Printing  and  the 

sent  of  the  Senate,  a “suitable  person,  who  must  be  a practical 
printer,”  etc.,  to  take  charge  of  and  manage  the  Government  Printing 
Office;  and  providing  that  he  should  be  called  “Public  Printer.” 
By  the  same  act  the  bond  of  the  Public  Printer  was  increased  to 
^100,000. 

BRIEF  SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  LAWS  RELATING  TO  THE  DUTIES 
OF  THE  PUBLIC  PRINTER. 

The  Public  Printer  must  be  a practical  printer,  versed  in  the  art  of 
book-binding,  and  has  charge  of  the  property  belonging  to,  and  the 
management  of,  the  Government  Printing  Office.  He  receives  a 
salary  of  ^3,600  per  annum,  and  gives  bond  in  the  sum  of  gioo,ooo. 
He  purchases  all  the  materials  and  machinery  necessary  for  the  office ; 
takes  charge  of  all  matter  to  be  printed,  engraved,  lithographed,  or 
bound ; keeps  an  accurate  account  thereof,  in  the  order  in  which  it  i.s 
received ; and  must  see  that  the  work  is  promptly  executed,  and  de- 
liver, to  the  officer  authorized  to  receive  them,  all  the  sheets,  or  vol- 
umes, blanks,  etc.,  which  are  printed,  bound,  etc.,  for  the  Govern- 
ment. 

He  is  required  to  appoint  a foreman  of  printing  and  a foreman  of 
binding,  who  must  be  practically  and  thoroughly  acquainted  with  their 
respective  trades.  He  is  also  authorized  to  appoint  four  clerks  at 
$1,800  per  annum,  one  at  $1,400,  and  one  at  $1,200  to  keep  the 
accounts  of  the  Congressional  Record ; and  by  the  act  of  June  20, 
1878,  he  is  also  authorized  to  employ  three  additional  clerks  of  class 
three,  to  make  estimates,  etc.  ; and  by  the  act  of  June  19,  1878,  a 
chief  clerk  is  provided  for  at  an  annual  salary  of  $2,000  in  lieu  of  one 
of  the  fourth-class  clerks. 

He  may  employ,  at  such  rates  of  wages  as  he  may  deem  for  the 
interest  of  the  Government  and  just  to  the  persons  employed,  such 
proof-readers,  compositors,*  pressmen,  binders,*  laborers,  and  other 
hands  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  execution  of  the  orders  for  public 
printing  and  binding  authorized  by  law. 

The  Public  Printer,  the  Foreman  of  Printing,  and  the  Foreman  of 
Binding,  are  prohibited  from  having  any  interest,  direct  or  indirect,  in 
the  publication  of  any  newspaper  or  periodical,  or  in  any  printing, 
binding,  engraving,  or  lithographing,  or  in  any  contract  for  furnishing 
supplies  of  any  kind.  The  Public  Printer  is  required  to  submit  to  the 
Joint  Committee  on  Printing,  at  the  beginning  of  each  session  of 
Congress,  estimates  of  the  quantity  of  paper  of  all  descriptions 
required  for  the  public  printing  for  the  ensuing  year  ; and  shall,  under 

* By  a late  act,  the  price  paid  “ printers  ” and  “ book-binders  ” is  limited  to  forty 
cents  per  hour  or  fifty  cents  per  thousaud  ems  for  composition. 


Govermnent  Printmg  Office. 


41 


their  direction,  advertise  for  proposals  for  furnishing  the  same,  as 
specified  in  schedules  to  be  furnished  applicants.  No  contract  for 
supplying  paper  is  valid  unless  approved  by  proper  authority.  He 
may  be  authorized  to  make  purchases  of  paper  in  open  market  when- 
ever the  immediate  wants  of  the  office  require  it. 

Plate-work  or  maps,  diagrams,  etc.,  when  the  cost  does  not  exceed 
^250,  may  be  procured  by  the  Public  Printer  in  open  market ; but 
when  exceeding  that  amount,  the  contract  for  furnishing  them  shall  be 
awarded  the  lowest  bidder.  The  Joint  Committee  on  Printing,  how- 
ever, can  authorize  him  to  make  immediate  contracts  for  lithographing 
or  engraving,  whenever  the  exigencies  of  the  service  do  not  justify 
advertisement  for  proposals. 

No  printing  or  binding  not  provided  for  by  law  can  be  executed  at 
the  Government  Printing  Office ; but  Senators  and  Representatives 
may,  upon  the  payment  of  the  actual  cost  thereof,  have  bound  such 
books,  maps,  charts,  or  documents  as  they  may  designate ; and  also 
may  have  extracts  from  the  Congressional  Record  printed,  upon  pay- 
ing for  the  same. 

The  form  and  style  in  which  the  printing  or  binding  ordered  by  any 
of  the  Departments  shall  be  executed,  the  material  and  size  of  type  to 
be  used,  shall  be  determined  by  the  Public  Printer,  having  proper  re- 
gard to  economy,  workmanship,  and  the  purposes  for  which  the  work  is 
needed. 

By  a late  law,  passed  June  20,  1878,  the  Public  Printer  is  required  to 
do  all  binding,  except  when  the  same  is  authorized  by  law  or  ordered 
by  Congress,  in  plain  sheep  or  cloth.  Record  and  account  books, 
and  the  binding  for  the  Library  of  Congress,  the  Library  of  the  Patent 
Office,  and  the  Library  of  the  State  Department,  are  excepted  from  this 
restriction. 

The  Public  Printer  is  required  to  deliver  to  the  proper  officers  of 
Congress  the  reports  of  the  Executive  Departments  and  the  accom- 
panying documents  at  the  annual  meeting  of  Congress  in  December, 
and  the  other  annual  documents  as  soon  thereafter  as  practicable. 

He  delivers  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  all  books  and  documents 
authorized  by  law,  except  such  as  are  printed  for  the  particular  use  of 
Congress,  or  of  the  President,  or  of  any  of  the  Departments. 

He  receives  advances  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  not  ex- 
ceeding two-thirds  the  penalty  of  his  bond,  of  such  sums  of  money  as 
may  be  necessary  to  pay  for  work  and  material;  and  he  settles  the  ac- 
counts of  his  receipts  and  disbursements  in  the  manner  required  of 
other  disbursing  officers.  All  moneys  received  from  the  sale  of  extra 
documents,  of  paper  shavings,  and  imperfections,  are  deposited  in  the 
Treasury,  to  the  credit  of  the  appropriations  for  public  printing,  bind- 


42 


Public  Printmg  and  the 

ing,  etc.,  and  the  amount  so  deposited  is  subject  to  his  requisition  in 
the  manner  prescribed  by  law. 

CHIEF  CLERK'S  OFFICE— DUTIES,  ETC. 

The  present  working  force  of  this  office  consists  of  the  Chief  Clerk, 
financial  clerk,  executive  clerk,  entry  clerk,  estimate  clerk,  clerk  in 
charge  of  the  Record,  telegraph  operator,  and  telephone  operator.  It 
is  the  duty  of  the  Chief  Clerk  to  make  contracts  for  lithographing, 
mapping  and  engraving,  make  orders  for  paper,  take  charge  of  all 
orders  for  extra  documents,  besides  the  general  executive  work  of  the 
office.  The  financial  clerk  receives  from  the  different  foremen  and 
assistants  in  charge  of  the  several  rooms  a statement  of  the  time  each 
person  has  been  employed  during  the  preceding  month,  and  makes  up 
monthly  pay-rolls  for  the  amounts  earned,  and  disburses  the  money  to 
the  persons  so  employed.  In  addition  to  this  he  pays  all  the  accounts 
of  the  office  of  whatsoever  character,  from  the  smallest  item  to  the 
largest  amounts  for  paper,  material,  etc.  All  of  the  large  sums  appro- 
priated, with  the  exception  of  the  amounts  paid  for  paper,  which  are 
sent  direct  from  the  Treasury  Department  on  certification  from  the 
Public  Printer  that  the  amounts  are  correct,  pass  through  his  hands. 
The  executive  clerk  takes  charge  of  the  requisitions  for  work  from  the 
Executive  Departments,  makes  jackets  for  the  same,  noting  thereon 
the  number  of  copies  to  be  printed,  amount,  size,  and  weight  of  paper 
required,  and  any  instructions  to  be  observed  by  the  many  different 
persons  through  whose  hands  it  passes  before  its  completion.  The 
estimate  clerk  makes  up  from  data  furnished  by  the  persons  working  on 
the  various  jobs,  who  note  thereon  as  the  jackets  pass  through  their 
hands,  the  cost,  as  near  as  it  can  be  ascertained,  of  each  and  every  job. 
It  is  the  duty  of  the  entry  clerk  to  keep,  in  books  kept  for  that  purpose, 
the  estimated  cost  of  these  several  jobs,  and  keep  an  account  with  the 
Executive  Departments,  to  see  that  they  do  not  exceed  the  amount 
allowed  them  by  Congress.  In  addition  to  this,  he  examines  the  paper 
as  it  is  received  from  the  contractor,  to  see  that  it  conforms  in  all 
respects  to  the  stipulations  contained  in  the  contract. 

Connecting  the  Government  Printing  Office  with  the  Capitol,  Exe- 
cutive Mansion,  and  different  Executive  Departments,  are  three  tele- 
graph lines,  built  and  owned  by  the  Government.  In  addition  to  this 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  and  American  Union  Telegraph  Companies 
have  lines  running  in  for  the  accommodation  of  the  emplo}’es.  Be- 
sides the  telegraph,  the  office  is  connected  with  all  the  Executive 
Departments,  and  many  commercial  houses  and  private  dwellings,  by 
five  telephone  lines,  and  these  will  soon  be  found  inadequate  for  the 
requirements  of  this  extensive  establishment. 


Government  Printing  Office. 


43 


MACHINE  AND  CARPENTER  SHOP. 

The  Machine  and  Carpenter  Shop  is  located  in  the  south  end,  on 
the  ground  floor  of  the  addition  built  in  1879,  and  its  dimensions  are 
no  feet  long  by  18  feet  wide.  There  are  employed  here  i chief  engi- 
neer, Mr.  M.  T.  Lincoln,  who  has  been  in  the  service  of  the  office 
ever  since  its  erection,  i assistant  engineer,  5 machinists,  5 carpenters, 
I plumber,  and  i painter.  These  employes  are  engaged  the  year  round 
in  the  manufacture  of  new  and  the  repair  of  old  machinery,  desks, 
cases,  shelving,  etc.,  and  the  care  and  preservation  of  the  many  deli- 
cate machines  in  use  in  the  office.  There  are  i ten-horse  power  engine, 
3 engine  lathes,  i hand  lathe,  i planing  machine,  i shaping  machine, 
and  2 drill  presses,  in  constant  use  in  the  shop. 

STEREOTYPE  VAULT. 

Only  a small  proportion  of  the  many  thousands  of  stereotype  plates 
annually  cast  in  the  Foundry  attached  to  the  Government  Printing  Of- 
fice are  for  preservation.  The  Agricultural  Report,  the  Abridgment 
of  the  Annual  Reports  of  the  Executive  Departments,  and  a great 
majority  of  all  other  works  on  which  are  printed  15,000  or  more 
copies,  are  stereotyped  as  a matter  of  economy  and  convenience,  and, 
after  the  edition  is  printed,  the  plates  are  sent  to  the  Foundry  and  re- 
melted for  the  production  of  other  plates.  Works  of  a scientific  char- 
acter, of  instruction,  and  matters  of  current  interest,  on  which  there  is 
a probability  of  additional  copies  being  ordered  in  the  future,  are  stereo- 
typed, and  the  plates  carefully  preserved. 

When  the  office  was  purchased,  of  course  there  were  no  plates  what- 
ever transferred  with  the  property.  The  large  number  of  plates  now 
in  the  Stereotype  Vault,  with  the  thousands  of  cuts  and  diagrams  of 
all  conceivable  designs  and  figures,  is  the  result  principally  of  the  ac- 
cumulations of  a single  decade,  although,  for  want  of  proper  storage 
facilities,  for  many  years  the  effort  was  mainly  to  reduce  the  produc- 
tion and  the  number  for  preservation  to  the  lowest  possible  limit. 
Within  the  past  few  years  the  room  devoted  to  this  purpose  has  been 
greatly  enlarged,  and  the  present  capacity  of  the  vault,  only  a small 
portion  of  which,  however,  is  fire-proof,  is  sufficient  to  accommodate 
something,  more  than  220,000  quarto  and  octavo  plates,  and  12,000  or 

15.000  more  could  be  packed  in  boxes  and  stored  away  in  the  pas- 
sages. 

There  are  now  stored  in  the  vault  51,176  quarto  plates,  and  53,760 
octavo  and  the  smaller  sizes,  in  addition  to  which  there  are  about 

43.000  plates  of  the  Congressional  Record  alone.  These  do  not  include 
the  metal  and  composition  plates  of  the  Congressional  Globe,  recently 
purchased  by  the  Government. 


44 


Public  Printing  and  the 

The  value  of  the  metal  in  these  plates — averaging  the  different  sizes — 
is  probably  about  25  cents  each,  or  a total  of  nearly  ^37,000. 

WAREHOUSE  FOR  PRINTING-PAPERS,  ETC. 

The  warehouse  for  printing-papers,  and  all  cap,  imperial,  and  other 
papers  used  in  the  manufacture  of  books,  blanks,  and  blank  books, 
is  in  the  new  1879  wing,  on  the  ground  floor,  and  is  as  nearly  fire- 
proof as  it  is  possible  to  make  such  a compartment.  It  opens  into  the 
Press  Room  on  the  north  side,  and  the  many  tons  of  paper  passing 
through  it  in  the  course  of  a year  are  transported  to  the  wetting-room 
and  other  parts  of  the  Press  Room  where  it  is  required,  on  trucks.  It 
is  difficult  to  give  the  uninitiated  reader  an  idea  of  the  vast  quantities 
of  paper  used  in  such  an  establishment  as  the  Government  Printing 
Office.  A ream  of  printing-paper,  24  by  38  inches,  if  spread  out  in 
single  width,  would  cover  a space  24  inches  wide  and  something  over 
1,583  feet  in  length.  The  daily  issues  to  the  Press  Room,  however, 
will  probably  exceed,  in  the  busy  season,  250  reams ; but  if  we  call  it 
200  reams  daily,  it  will  amount  to  62,600  in  a year;  and  if  this  were 
spread  out  in  single  sheets,  it  would  cover  a space  2 feet  wide  by 
99,095,800  feet,  or  187^  miles,  in  length. 

But  this  is  only  one  kind  of  paper.  The  thousands  of  reams  of 
paper  used  for  covers,  blanks,  and  blank  books,  are  not  included,  but, 
if  added  to  the  above,  would  undoubtedly  treble  the  amount.  Papers 
are  received  in  rolls  (for  the  Bullock  Press),  in  boxes  and  bundles,  by 
rail  and  New  York  and  Philadelphia  steamers.  In  a year  the  quanti- 
ties arriving  would  be  about  as  follows : Bank-note  and  parchment 

and  bond  papers,  432,226  sheets;  cardboard,  postal  cards,  etc.,  655,- 
420  sheets;  45-  and  53-pound  book-paper,  53,000  reams;  other  book- 
papers,  25,000  reams;  besides  tons  of  other  papers  not  enumerated. 

The  employes  consist  of  one  superintendent  and  assistants.  A 
daily  report  of  the  amount  and  kind,  or  quality,  of  every  sheet  of  paper 
remaining  on  hand  at  the  close  of  business,  as  well  as  that  issued  the 
day  previous,  is  rendered  to  the  chief  clerk,  so  that  at  all  times  the 
business  office  of  the  Public  Printer  has  at  its  command  all  necessary 
information  concerning  the  supplies  of  each  kind  of  paper  on  hand. 
All  these  papers,  except  the  printing-papers,  are  issued  upon  jackets, 
and  can  only  be  obtained  from  the  warehouse  upon  these,  or  written 
orders  from  the  requisition  clerks  in  the  main  office. 

BINDERS'  WAREHOUSE. 

The  warehouse  for  binders’  materials  is  located  in  the  south  wing, 
and  is  in  charge  of  a clerk,  who  superintends  the  receiving  and  issuing 
of  all  material  for  use  in  the  Bindery.  With  the  exception  of  binders’ 


45 


Government  Printing  Office. 

boards,  for  which,  on  account  of  their  great  weight,  a warehouse  is 
provided  on  the  ground  floor,  all  binders’  materials  are  stored  here. 
The  stock  in  this  room  consists  of  ledger  papers,  leathers  and  muslins 
of  various  kinds,  twines,  surplus  tools,  etc. 

THE  STABLES,  ETC. 

The  new  addition  to  the  building  (authorized  by  the  law  of  March, 
i88i)  is  intended  to  occupy,  in  part,  the  ground  covered  for  many 
years  by  the  stables  and  Roller  House.  A new  and  much  more  con- 
venient and  commodious  stable  for  the  accommodation  of  the  live  stock 
belonging  to  the  Government  Printing  Office  is  now  in  course  of 
erection  on  the  rear  of  a lot  adjoining  the  west  end  of  the  building, 
in  which  will  be  provided  room  for  horses,  and  the  wagons,  harness,  etc. 

There  are  used,  in  the  delivery  of  printed  matter,  etc.,  to  Congress 
and  the  Departments,  from  4 to  6 wagons,  and  from  8 to  12  horses. 

WA  TCHMEN. 

For  the  protection  and  preservation  of  the  property  and  building 
against  fire,  theft,  etc.,  a regular  corps  of  watchmen  are  employed. 
Every  part  of  the  main  building,  the  stables  and  other  outhouses,  and 
the  yard,  is  visited  every  hour  during  the  night.  Those  on  duty 
at  night  number  six,  and  their  names  are;  L.  A.  Cassard,  Captain; 
William  E.  Miller,  R.  W.  Simmons,  John  Tolbert,  George  Oyster,  and 
Charles  D.  Bradley.  Those  on  duty  during  the  day-time  are  : W.  H. 
Murphy,  Captain;  James  A.  Patterson  and  George  Gordon. 


MINOR  ITEMS. 

In  1861,  and  for  several  years  previous,  the  wages  ot  printers,  press- 
men, book-binders,  etc.,  in  Washington,  were  $14  per  week;  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1863,  the  compensation  was  increased  to  ^16;  in  December, 
1863,  to  ^18;  in  June,  1864,  to  ^21  ; and  in  November,  1864,  to  $24. 
The  wages  of  the  workmen  remained  at  the  latter  figure  until  the 
passage  of  the  act  of  February  16,  1877,  which  reduced  them  to  40 
cents  per  hour  for  skilled  workmen,  the  rate  now  paid. 


In  1861,  before  all  the  binding  was  done  at  the  main  office,  a fire 
destroyed  the  building  on  Louisiana  Avenue,  between  Ninth  and  Tenth 
streets,  occupied  by  Mr.  John  Pettibone,  the  contractor,  in  which  the 
Government  sustained  a loss  of  some  ^15,000  or  $20,000  in  printed 
matter,  which  had  been  sent  from  the  main  office  to  the  contractor  for 
binding.  The  works  destroyed  consisted  of  563  copies  of  the  first  vol- 
ume of  the  Patent  Office  Report  for  i860,  and  53,939  copies  of  the 


46 


Picblic  Printing  and  the 

second  volume  of  the  same  report.  This  is  the  only  loss  by  fire  the 
office  has  sustained  in  the  twenty  years  it  has  been  the.  property  of  the 
Government. 


In  January,  1878,  three  accomplished  sneak  thieves,  who  had  pre- 
viously been  shadowing  the  office — as  was  proved  by  a subsequent 
examination  into  the  matter — -succeeded  in  abstracting  from  the  safe, 
by  means  of  false  keys,  during  the  temporary  absence  from  the  room 
of  the  paymaster,  some  ^9,000 ; and  although  the  parties  were  after- 
wards arrested  in  New  York,  and  indicted,  they  were  never  brought  to 
justice,  nor  was  the  money  ever  recovered.  At  the  second  session  of 
the  Forty-sixth  Congress,  after  a thorough  investigation  of  the  matter 
by  the  proper  committees  of  both  houses,  a bill  was  passed  reimbursing 
the  Public  Printer  for  this  loss. 

Mr.  Larcombe,  upon  whom  this  misfortune  most  directly  fell,  has 
been  the  disbursing  officer  of  the  Government  Printing  Office  ever 
since  its  establishment ; and  a more  painstaking  and  faithful  official — 
or  one  more  capable — is  not  in  the  service  of  the  Government  to-day. 
He  has  disbursed,  in  sums  from  one  dollar  up  to  thousands,  an  aggre- 
gate of  more  than  ^30,000,000,  every  cent  of  which  has  been  accounted 
for  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  accounting  officers  of  the  Government. 


An  order  was  sent  from  the  office  to  a New  York  type-founder  in 
July,  1877,  for  60,000  pounds  of  type.  This  amount  was  subsequently 
increased  about  15,000  pounds,  making  perhaps  the  largest  single  order 
ever  given  by  a printing  office,  or  filled  by  a type-founder,  since  the  art 
of  printing  was  discovered.  The  long  primer  type  in  use  in  the  Docu- 
ment Room  alone  will  weigh  about  50,000  pounds,  the  brevier  type 
about  35,000  pounds,  and  the  nonpareil  something  over  25,000  pounds. 
Of  course,  to  keep  these  enormous  fonts  in  the  best  working  order, 
almost  daily  requisitions  are  made  upon  the  founder  for  “sorts.” 


One  of  the  largest  jobs  ever  undertaken  by  the  office  since  it  came 
into  the  possession  of  the  Government  was  commenced  a few  months 
ago  in  the  Document  Room.  I refer  to  the  printing  of  the  official 
records  of  the  war,  or  perhaps  better  known  by  the  title  “ Rebellion 
Records.”  Colonel  Scott,  the  officer  in  charge  of  this  work  at  the  War 
Department,  estimates  that  these  records  will  make  96  large  octavo 
volumes,  of  about  800  pages  each,  or  76,800  pages.  As  10,000  copies 
of  each  of  these  volumes  are  to  be  printed  for  Coiigress,  some  idea 
may  be  formed  of  the  formidable  character  of  the  task.  It  will  re- 


Government  Printing  Office. 


47 


quire  nearly  50,000  reams  of  paper  to  print  these  copies,  which,  at  ^4 
per  ream,  will  amount  to  $200,000.  The  composition  will  probably 
exceed  250,000,000  ems,  and  the  number  of  books  will  be  960,000. 


Some  of  the  volumes  issued  by  the  Government  in  the  past  have 
been  very  elaborate  and  expensive.  In  looking  over  the  subject,  it 
appears  a mystery  how  so  much  money  could  be  put  into  a single  vol- 
ume. Below  is  a short  list  of  the  more  expensive  publications  issued 


from  1852  to  1861  : 

Explorations  of  the  Valley  of  the  Amazon — 2 vols $56)865  99 

Astronomical  Expedition  to  the  Southern  Hemisphere — 

2 vols 83,332  33 

Naval  Expedition  to  Japan — vols.  i and  3 140,851  30 

Report  of  the  Committee  on  Troubles  in  Kansas 25,576  17 

Report  on  Commercial  Relations  (1857) — 2 vols 83,034  03 

Report  of  Mexican  Boundary  Surveys — 2 vols.  and  maps.  .157,796  85 
Pacific  Railroad  Surveys — ii  vols.,  completed  in  i860. ...  863,513  00 

Major  Delafleld’s  Report  on  the  War  in  the  Crimea 130,439  38 

Explorations  for  a Railroad  from  Saint  Paul  to  Puget  Sound 

— 2 vols 146,168  14 

The  Covode  Investigation — 2 vols 64,662  75 


All  the  above  books  were  printed  before  the  establishment  of  the 
Government  Printing  Office.  Since  the  present  mode  of  executing 
the  printing  was  inaugurated,  I find  some  costly  printed  matter,  but 
nothing  to  compare  to  the  lavish  outlay  of  the  few  years  preceding. 
Subjoined  is  a list  involving  the  greatest  expenditure  of  money  under 


the  present  system  : 

Report  on  the  Conduct  of  the  War — 3 vols ^13,968  38 

Diplomatic  Correspondence  (1865) — 4 vols 74)578  52 

Report  of  the  Committee  on  Reconstruction — 2 vols 53)5°7  84 

Impeachment  of  Andrew  Johnson 20,198  75 

Ku-Klux  Report,  completed  in  1872 — 13  vols 54,022  00 

Three  Volumes  of  Census  Report  for  1870 120,870  70 

Compendium  of  the  Ninth  Census 79,279  50 

Revised  Statutes,  ist  edition — 2 vols 19,017  84 


It  is  very  rare  now  that  the  cost  of  a book  reaches  ^20,000,  if  the 
Agricultural  Report  be  excepted;  and  a careful  survey  of  the  whole 
matter  has  convinced  the  writer  that  the  era  of  expensive  printing  for 
the  Government  is  past,  and  that  the  cost,  if  the  amount  of  printing 
to  be  done  did  not  increase  so  rapidly,  should  yearly  decrease,  with 
the  better  facilities  and  improved  machinery. 


48 


Piiblic  Printing  and  the 

Although  the  annual  expenditures  now  for  printing  and  binding  are 
not  any  greater  than  they  were  just  previous  to  the  war,  it  is  believed 
that  the  amount  of  work  turned  out  is  nearly  twice  as  great.  This  is 
brought  about  from  various  causes:  first,  there  is  more  economy 
practiced,  and  no  middlemen  are  paid  for  doing  nothing;  second,  a 
better  system  of  supervision  of  the  work  has  been  inaugurated;  third, 
the  substitution  of  labor-saving  machinery  for  hand  power;  and  fourth, 
the  better  facilities  that  are  afforded  for  the  prosecution  of  the  work 
by  the  Government  owning  the  office. 


Some  volumes  of  large  size,  under  the  pressure  of  great  hurry,  have 
been  printed  in  the  Document  Room  in  an  almost  incredibly  short 
space  of  time.  The  engrossed  copy  qf  the  Revised  Statutes  is,  perhaps, 
the  most  notable  instance.  The  Statutes  numbered  1038  pages.  The 
copy  was  received  by  the  Public  Printer  at  5 p.  m.  on  Wednesday,  and 
a bou7id  copy  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Poland,  who  had  charge 
of  the  matter  in  the  House,  at  12  o’clock  noon  on  the  following  Satur- 
day. The  printing  required  the  greatest  care,  as  it  was  being  pre- 
pared for  the  signature  of  the  President.  The  matter  was  read  by 
the  proof-readers  three  separate  times. 

Another  instance  : The  answer  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works  of  the 
District  of  Columbia  to  certain  inquiries  propounded  by  the  Committee 
on  the  District-of  Columbia  of  the  House,  and  numbering  some  500 
pages  of  the  most  difficult  and  tedious  matter  known  to  printers,  was 
received  in  the  office  on  Thursday,  and  the  work  completed,  ready  for 
delivery  to  the  Capitol,  before  the  office  closed  on  Saturday  evening. 
The  amount  of  composition  in  this  document  will  aggregate  more  than 
4,000,000  ems,  and,  taking  into  consideration  the  difficult  class  of 
matter  of  which  it  is  composed,  it  was  perhaps  the  most  rapid  piece 
of  printing  ever  executed  in  this  country. 

A still  later  instance  occurs  to  me:  When  (Feb.,  1879)  subject 
of  the  confirmation  of  the  appointment  of  collector  and  surveyor  of 
customs  at  New  York  was  before  the  Senate,  a confidential  communica- 
tion from  the  President  relating  thereto  was  ordered  to  be  printed.  It 
made  440  pages,  the  main  portion  of  the  matter  being  in  brevier  type, 
with  a plentiful  sprinkling  of  nonpareil  tabular  matter  throughout.  This 
was  put  in  type,  and  printed,  and  delivered  to  the  Senate,  in  36  hours 
after  the  work  was  commenced  in  the  Document  Room. 

The  necessities  of  Congress  for  the  rapid  execution  of  its  printing  are 
yearly  increasing.  That  which,  a few  years  ago,  was  expected  in  two 
weeks  or  a month,  is  now  looked  for,  if  not  demanded,  from  the  Printer 
in  a day  or  a week. 


49 


Government  Printing  Office. 

The  hours  of  labor  in  the  Government  Printing  Office  and  its  vari- 
ous branches  are  from  8 a.  m.  to  5 p.  m.,  with  an  intermission  of  one 
hour— from  i to  2 p.  m. — for  dinner. 

During  the  sessions  of  Congress,  however,  the  employes  in  the 
several  divisions  of  the  main  office  are  frequently  detained  until  late  at 
night. 


The  surroundings  of  the  office  have  undergone  a great  change  in 
the  past  twenty  years.  When  the  establishment  came  into  the  posses- 
sion of  the  Government  in  1861,  there  were  very  few  residences  and 
not  any  places  of  business  in  its  immediate  vicinity.  The  square  lying 
directly  north  of  the  office — and  bounded  by  H street  on  the  south  and 
I on  the  north — was  occupied  by  but  a single  residence.  Now  there 
are  not  less  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  two  and  three  story  brick 
houses  on  this  one  square — the  average  value  of  which  cannot  be  less 
than  ^3,000.  On  all  that  property  lying  north  of  H street  to  K,  and 
extending  east  to  First  street  northeast,  there  were,  twenty  years  ago, 
less  than  a dozen  residences ; but  within  the  past  ten  years  more  than 
a hundred  two,  three,  and  four  story  houses  have  been  erected,  and 
are  occupied  by  clerks,  professional  and  business  people,  and  employes 
of  the  office.  The  property  lying  south  and  southeast  of  the  office 
has  also  been  vastly  improved,  and  hundreds  of  new  houses  erected. 
H street  both  east  and  west  of  the  office  is  assuming  metropolitan  airs, 
in  a business  way,  and  is  capable  of  furnishing  man  or  beast  with  all 
the  necessaries  of  life,  and  many  of  the  luxuries. 


During  the  war  a regiment  of  soldiers,  consisting  of  employes  of  the 
Government  in  Washington,  was  organized,  and  known  as  the  Interior 
Department  Regiment.  Companies  F and  G of  this  regiment  were 
made  up  from  persons  employed  in  the  Government  Printing  Office — 
the  latter  company  comprising  employes  in  the  Bindery,  and  the 
former  those  engaged  in  the  printing  department  of  the  office. 

Further  along  is  presented  a roster  of  these  companies.  Company 
F was  formed  quite  early  in  the  war,  at  a time  when  Washington  was 
threatened  from  foes  within  and  without,  for  the  purpose  of  assisting 
in  guarding  the  Government  property,  and  to  repel  any  foe  in  case  the 
city  was  attacked.  The  organization  of  this  company  was  kept  up  for 
a year  or  two,  but,  as  the  city  became  filled  with  soldiers  from  all 
sections  of  the  land,  it  was  permitted  to  die  out.  During  the  time  the 
organization  was  preserved,  it  was  supplied  with  arms  by  the  Govern- 
ment ; certain  hours  of  the  day  were  allotted  to  drilling  and  instruc- 
4 


50  Public  Printing  and  the 

tion  in  the  manual  of  arms ; and  at  night  a regular  detail  for  guard 
duty  was  made.  The  employes  soon  became  accomplished  “veterans.” 
At  this  period — ^1861 — the  persons  employed  in  the  Bindery  were  quite 
few  in  number,  and  no  military  organization  was  effected;  but  in 
1864,  when  Washington  was  threatened  by  the  rebel  General  Early, 
the  old  company  (F)  of  printers,  pressmen,  etc.,  was  promptly  re- 
organized, with  H.  R.  Lahee  as  Captain,  W.  A.  Ensinmyer  as  First 
Lieutenant,  and  Daniel  Harbaugh  as  Second  Lieutenant.  The  binders 
then  organized  Company  G.  From  the  best  information  I can  obtain, 
it  appears  that  Company  F,  as  reorganized,  was  mustered  into  the 
United  States  service  about  July  ii,  1864,  and  after  having  been  sup- 
plied with  all  the  paraphernalia — including  arms  and  ammunition — 
belonging  to  the  soldier,  the  company  was  marched,  on  the  afternoon 
of  that  day,  to  one  of  the  forts  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Insane  Asylum, 
where  it  remained  on  duty  until  the  following  day,  when  the  rebels, 
having  been  beaten  in  their  fight  with  the  Sixth  Army  Corps,  retreated. 
The  printers,  having  laid  aside  their  weapons  of  destruction,  resumed 
their  places  in  the  office.  The  other  company  was  not  mustered  into 
the  service  until  the  day  following,  and  the  delay  in  the  muster  pre- 
vented the  company  being  dispatched  to  the  field. 

I have  been  unable  to  obtain  any  official  or  other  list  of  Company  F 
as  organized  in  1864.  The  list  here  given  is  that  of  the  company  as  it 
originally  existed  early  in  1861.  The  roster  of  the  binders’  Company 
G is  also  unofficial,  but  is  believed  to  be,  in  the  main,  correct. 

J.  H.  Roberts,  now  the  Foreman  of  Binding,  and  who  appears  in 
the  list  as  a “high  private,”  was  elected  quartermaster  of  the  Interior 
Department  Regiment ; and  George  P.  Goff,  who  was  Captain  of 
Company  G,  was  at  that  time  Foreman  of  Binding. 

The  following  is  as  complete  a roster  of  these  two  companies  as  I 
have  been  able  to  obtain.  Those  in  italics  have  since  died,  and  those 
with  a star  (*)  are  still  employed  in  the  office: 


Government  Printing  Office.  51 

COMPANY  F. 


COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS. 

Captain— English;  First  Lieutenant — William  McLeod; 
Second  Lieutenant — Charles  F.  Lowry. 


NON-COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS. 

Sergeants  — Da7tiel  Harbaugh,  Norval  W.  King,  * Charles  D. 
Parsons,  and  John  Miller. 

Corporals  — Richard  Cronin,  A.  G.  Seaman,  * William  L.  Scott, 
and  Thomas  Harper. 


Appleby,  A.  J. 
Arnold,  H.  H.  B. 
Allen,  C.  T. 

* Burnham,  E.  T. 

* Boss,  J.  P. 
Bowen,  G.  W. 

Brown,  J.  S. 
Be}i}iett,  A.  B. 
*Belt,  W.  M. 
*Baum,  Wm.  R. 

* Burnside,  John. 
Cunningham,  J.  H. 
Cat  on,  George. 
*Chedal,  J.  D. 
*Claxton,  R.  \V. 
Cook,  A. 

Clements,  L.  F. 
Charles,  y. 
Christine,  H.  A. 
Crandall,  J. 
Campbell,  E. 
Crown,  y.  H. 
Cullinan,  Lott. 
Chew,  F. 

* Carrier,  A.  L. 
Davis,  Madison. 
Davis,  S.  A. 

* Davison,  H.  L. 
Defrees,  Rollin. 

De  Vauglm,  C.  y. 
DeCanidry,  W.  A. 

* Donaldson,  J.  A. 
Edmonston,  E.  H. 
Forbes,  G.  C. 
Fowler,  Wm.  D. 
Frizzell,  Wm.  J. 
Fleming,  Wm. 
*Fechtig,  L.  R. 
F'ranzoni,  J.  C. 


PRIVATES. 
B'ranklin,  IV m. 
Gillen,  R. 

Grey,  E.  N. 

* Gordon,  A. 
Graham,  yohn. 

* Gordon,  George. 
Hall,  G.  W. 

Hurley,  y. 

* Hough,  Chas.  B. 
Hough,  J.  M.  F. 
Hall,  F.  O. 
Hinchey,  James. 

* lardella,  L.  A. 

* Jones,  Wm.  L. 
*Judge,  J.  J. 

Judge,  J.  G. 
Johnson,  Joseph. 
yones,  y.  S. 
Jackson,  Basil. 
Ketcham,  O.  C. 
Kelly,  R. 

Kelly,  Wm.  B. 
^Larcombe,  John. 
Laporte,  E. 

* Lincoln,  M.  T. 
*McNeir,  G.  A.  R. 
Maloney,  W.  W. 

* McPherson,  C.  D. 
McElwee,  S. 
MacMurray,  E. 
Melvin,  y. 
McGonegal,  S. 

* Malone,  E. 
Murphy,  M. 

* Maher,  Thos.  F. 

* Metcalf,  John. 
McKenney,  yames. 
McNamara,  Thos. 
McNamee,  Patrick. 


Mortimer,  H. 

Mackey,  S.  A. 

Malo?te,  T. 

Murray,  C.  IV. 
MuJloy,  Thos.  y. 

Nott,  Wm.  E. 

Pittman,  F.  C. 

* Porter,  R.  A. 

* Parsons,  A.  M. 
Robinson,  C.  IV. 

Rose,  yesse. 

Raser,  Thos.  M. 
*Reed,  Oliver  H. 

* Robinson,  Wm. 
Rodgers,  A. 
*Spedden,  E.  M. 

* Schell,  C.  W. 

* Stitt,  F.  B. 

* Stitt,  F.  U. 

Shay,  W.  C. 

Sheer,  C. 

Shoemaker,  y.  K. 
*Spottswood,  J.  M.  A. 
Sample,  D.  S. 

Smith,  C.  B. 

Scholfield,  John. 
Tomlinson,  J.  S. 
Taylor,  Robert. 

* Woodward,  M.  R. 

* Waters,  F.  J. 

Wilkes,  yoseph. 
Wadsworth,  Geo. 

* Walker,  H. 

* Watkins,  N. 

Wall,  Chas. 

* Wright,  B.  C. 

Wiber,  D. 

Whaley,  y.  C.  C. 
■^’Whitaker,  John. 


52  Public  Printing  and  Government  Printing  Office. 


COMPANY  G. 


OFFICERS. 

Captain — -George  P.  Goff ; First  Lieutenant — *Chas.  Lemon  : Sec- 
ond Lieutenant — ^*John  J.  Byrnes;  First  Sergeant — Varden  Bishop. 


Bailey,  Wm.  H. 
*Blakeney,  J.  T. 
Bailey,  Jno.  E. 

Bain,  Wm.  V. 
*Behler,  John  J. 

* Burch,  Geo.  D. 
Baylie,  Thos.  S. 

* Burger,  Wm.  B. 
-Beall,  J.  W. 
Burgess,  W.  G. 

Bell,  Emanuel. 

* Caldwell,  P.  J. 
Clark,  G.  W. 

* Connell,  R.  A.- 

* Crawford,  S.  T. 
Cunningham,  P'. 
Dubant,  J.  H. 
Dowden,  C.  L. 
*Elwood,  C.  T. 
Espey,  John. 
Eldridge,  E. 

* Espey,  H.  C. 
Ehvood,  yas.  H. 
*Eckloff,  E.  T. 
♦Gordon,  M.  B. 
♦Graenacher,  C.  L. 
Hollins,  J.  H.  C. 
♦Ilullett,  A.  G. 
Harmer,  J.  W. 
Plotchkiss,  W.  D. 
♦Hewlett,  William. 


PRIVATES. 

♦ Hartford,  R.  B. 
♦Hayes,  Wm. 

Hill,  John. 

Hite,  H.  D. 

Hill,  Michael. 
IngrahaJH,  yas.  y. 
♦Jacobs,  Augustus. 
Jennings,  H.  D. 
♦Knott,  Ig.  M. 
Lawrence,  J.  L.  D. 
♦Landvoigt,  J.  A. 
♦Landvoigt,  D.  W. 
♦Meyer,  John  W. 
Marcellus,  R.  H. 
♦Metcalf,  F.  S. 
♦McLane,  Wm. 
♦Moran,  Wm.  H. 

♦ May,  Thos.  O. 
McDonald,  Wm. 

♦ McCormick,  J.  H. 
♦Miller,  Frank. 
♦McKean,  Jas.  P. 
Mattingly,  J.  W. 
♦Meushaw,  C.  H. 
♦McNamee,  Patrick. 
Manning,  F.  A. 

Me  Bit  ire,  Henry. 
Owen,  C.  L. 

Perkins,  John  A. 
Peters,  Wm.  H.,  Jr. 


♦Penicks,  Thos.  B. 
♦Philpitt,  F.  C. 
Pascoe,  R.  P. 
♦Pyemont,  J.  W. 
♦Roberts,  J.  H. 

♦ Ratcliff,  J.  L. 
♦Roberts,  Richard. 
♦Rosewag,  G. 
Ridgway,  E. 
♦Stewart,  Thos.  F. 
♦Stewart,  James. 
♦Scott,  Wm. 
♦Seibert,  F. 
Semple,  D.  11. 
♦Smith,  Moses. 

St.  Clair,  yos. 
Sommers,  Israel. 
♦Triplett,  T.  M. 
♦Toomey,  Dennis. 
Taylor,  Wm.  H. 
♦Tafe,  Andrew. 
Walmsley,  Theo. 

♦ White,  Jas.  W. 
Walton,  C. 

Williss,  W.  B.  R. 
Weaver,  C.  B\ 
Walher,  C.  E. 

♦ Wei.se,  Henry. 
Ward,  John. 
Williams,  Lewis. 


CHAPTER  III. 


THE  PRINTING  FOR  CONGRESS. 

The  printing  ordered  by  Congress  annually  absorbs  nearly  one-half 
of  the  whole  appropriation  made  for  printing  and  binding  for  the 
Government.  Much  of  it  is  necessarily  done  at  night,  and  is,  there- 
fore, somewhat  more  expensive  than  work  performed  wholly  in  day- 
light. It  has  been  truly  said  that  the  value  of  the  printing  for 
Congress  depends  as  much  upon  the  promptness  with  which  it  is  done, 
as  the  manner  of  its  execution.  The  main  object  is  to  have  laid 
before  Congress  and  the  country  the  condition  and  wants  of  the  public 
service  in  its  various  branches,  as  officially  communicated  by  the 
several  departments  of  the  Government.  It  is  of  the  first  importance 
to  intelligent  legislation  upon  these  subjects,  that  the  documents  should 
be  promptly  printed  and  delivered;  and  if  they  are  withheld  or 
delayed  until  the  leading  measures  of  the  session  are  matured,  the 
printing  is  comparatively  worthless.  In  estimating  the  cost  of  the 
Congressional  printing,  therefore,  its  value  in  the  assistance  and  guide 
it  affords  our  legislators  is  an  important  element  in  the  account.  For 
the  printing  of  the  numerous  extensive  public  documents,  in  time  to 
meet  the  wants  of  Congress,  a large  establishment  is  absolutely  neces- 
sary. There  occur  frequently  emergencies  when  the  entire  force  of 
the  office  must  be  thrown  upon  a single  document,  the  prompt 
printing  of  which  is  considered  of  great  importance. 

In  1846  Mr.  Benton  showed  that  the  Government  lost  in  a single 
year  $1,000,000  through  the  neglect  of  the  public  printer  to  print  a 
bill  or  document  required  just  at  the  close  of  a session  of  Congress. 

The  printing  for  Congress  is  known  to  the  Public  Printer  under  the 
following  heads: 

Executive  Documents. 

Miscellaneous  Documents. 

Reports  of  Committees. 

Printing  ordered  by  resolution  of  either  house. 

Printing  ordered  by  concurrent  resolution. 

Printing  ordered  by  joint  resolution,  or  by  law,  which  is  the  same 
thing. 

(53  ) 


54 


Public  Printing  and  the 

DOCUMENTS,  REPORTS,  ETC. 

Any  communication  transmitted  to  Congress  by  the  President  or  the 
head  of  either  of  the  Executive  Departments,  through  the  President  of 
the  Senate  or  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  is  termed  an 
“Executive  Document.”  In  the  Forty-sixth  Congress,  there  were  five 
hundred  and  eighteen  of  these  messages  ordered  to  be  printed.  Some 
of  them  are  but  a page  or  two  in  length,  but  many  of  them  make 
hundreds  of  pages,  and  are,  of  course,  upon  all  topics  relating  to  the 
business  or  policy  of  the  Government. 

A Miscellaneous  Document  is  any  communication,  letter,  petition, 
address,  or  other  written  or  printed  matter,  either  of  a public,  private, 
or  political  nature,  from  any  official  (other  than  the  President  or  head 
of  an  Executive  Department)  or  citizen,  or  resolutions  of  recommen- 
dation or  instruction  from  State  Legislatures,  addresses  to  the  President 
of  the  Senate  or  Speaker  of  the  House,  or  any  member  of  either  the 
Senate  or  House.  Two  hundred  and  forty-nine  of  these  Miscellaneous 
communications  were  printed  for  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

For  a great  many  years  after  the  numbering  of  documents  was  begun, 
no  separate  designation  or  nomenclature  of  communications  addressed 
to  Congress  was  made ; but  for  some  reason  a change  was  made  by 
somebody’s  direction,  and  the  separate  numbering  of  the  Executive 
and  Miscellaneous  matter  became  customary,  and  has  been  the  practice 
in  the  House  since  about  1827  and  in  the  Senate  since  1833. 

We  doubt  the  expediency  or  convenience  of  the  practice,  and  believe 
that  if  the  experiment  were  tried  of  numbering  all  the  documents  and 
reports  in  a single  series,  it  would  be  found  of  such  manifest  advantage 
that  it  would  ever  after  be  followed. 

Another  class  of  literature  produced  by  Congress  is  the  “Reports  of 
Committees.”  The  rules  of  the  House  provide  for  57  Standing,  Select, 
Special,  and  Joint  Committees,  and  of  course  the  House  has  power  to 
increase  the  number  of  all  except  the  Joint  Committees  indefinitely. 
The  rules  also  provide  that  with  every  subject  reported  upon,  the 
committee  making  the  report  must  submit  it  in  writing,  and  that  the 
report  shall  be  printed.  The  Senate  has  49  committees,  with  like 
power  to  increase  the  number  at  its  pleasure.  These  several  com- 
mittees, of  both  houses,  had  before  them,  during  the  Forty-sixth  Con- 
gress, more  than  9,000  bills  and  resolutions,  upon  which  3,164  Senate 
and  House  reports  were  submitted  and  printed.  The  majority  of  these 
reports,  however,  are  small,  but  some  of  them  make  large  volumes  ; 
and  they  numbered  7,969  pages  for  the  Senate  and  6,544  pages  for 
the  House  during  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

The  printing  for  committees — which  is  done  under  resolutions  of 
either  house — is  a large  item  in  the  annual  budget  of  expense.  Docu- 


PRINTING  DEPARTMENT — Main  Composing,  or  Document,  Room. 


Governvient  PGnting  Office. 


55 


mentary  evidence  is  often  submitted  to  committees  of  so  voluminous 
a character  as  to  be  impracticable  of  examination  unless  in  printed 
form;  and  that  the  committee  may  evolve  a just  decision,  the  matter 
is  printed  for  their  benefit. 

The  printing  under  joint  resolutions  and  by  law,  embraces  a different 
class  of  work,  viz : Extra  copies  on  documents  already  printed,  the 
printing  of  valuable  annual  reports,  etc. 

The  laws  are  printed  in  three  different  forms  : first,  in  the  form  of 
documents,  each  law  in  a separate,  uncovered  pamphlet ; in  the  regular 
pamphlet  (quarto)  or  “Session”  form,  at  the  end  of  each  session;  and 
finally,  in  the  form  of  the  Statutes  at  Large.  The  expense  of  this  one 
item  is  considerable,  for  a Congress;  but  as  they  constitute  the  essence 
of  all  the  business  of  Congress,  probably  the  expense  is  trifling,  con- 
sidering their  value  to  the  whole  people,  when  compared  with  certain 
other  matters  that  are  annually  ordered  by  Congress. 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  DOCUMENTS. 

The  usual  number  of  copies  printed  of  the  documents  and  reports  of 
each  house  of  Congress  is  1,900,  and  of  bills  and  joint  resolutions  924. 
These  are  distributed  as  follows ; 


Where  delivered. 

Senate  documents 
and  reports. 

House  documents 
and  reports. 

Senate  bills  and  joint 
resolutions. 

1 

House  bills  and  joint 
resolutions. 

Document-room  of  the  House 

41 1 

396 

440 

440 

Office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  House 

20 

149 

20 

308 

Sergeant-at-Arms  of  the  Senate 

243 

190 

244 

134 

Office  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Senate 

6 

6 

I C 

8 

Folding-room  of  the  Senate 

IQO 

170 

Department  of  State 

25 

25 

to 

to 

Treasury  Department 

I 

I 

to 

to 

War  Department 

I 

Ordnance  Bureau,  War  Department 

I 

I 

I 

I 

Office  of  the  Public  Printer 

4 

4 

4 

4 

File  copies 

10 

10 

10 

9 

Reserved  for  binding 

088 

T T T 7 

Total  number  printed 

1,900 

1,900 

924 

924 

The  reserved  documents,  i.  e.,  those  which  are  subsequently  dis- 
tributed to  the  various  State  and  Territorial  libraries,  are  bound  in 


56  Public  Printing  a7^d.  the 

volumes  of  appropriate  size  (in  sheep  and  calf),  and  are  distributed  as 
follows : 


Where  delivered. 

Senate  docu- 
ments. 

House  docu- 
ments. 

Senate  document-room 

1 12 

1 12 

House  document-room. 

41 1 

Senate  folding-room 

J * J 

Department  of  State 

40 

40 

Department  of  the  Interior 

420 

470 

Library  of  Congress 

52 

52 

Library  of  the  House  of  Representatives 

7 

30 

Library  of  the  Court  of  Claims 

Office  of  the  Public  Printer  

I 

Total  reserve 

988 

1,117 

Congress  has  absolute  power  to  order  the  printing  of  anything 
which  is  not  copyrighted,  and  for  the  past  few  years  has  indulged  in 
the  luxury  of  numerous  publications  of  vast  proportions  and  great  ex- 
pense. A large  number  of  the  books  printed  are  of  practical  value  to 
scientific  people,  or  for  preservation ; but  many  of  them  are  only  of 
momentary  value  or  interest,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  their  publication 
will  ever  repay  the  Government  for  the  large  sums  expended  in  their 
production. 

FORTHCOMING  AND  ANNUAL  PUBLICATIONS  OF  CONGRESS 
AND  THE  DEPARTMENTS. 

The  following  is  a list  of  the  most  valuable  annual  and  other  reports 
authorized  by  law  or  ordered  by  resolutions  of  Congress.  Some  re- 
ports, considered  of  special  value  and  interest  to  the  general  public, 
now  in  hand  to  be  printed  for  the  Executive  Departments,  are  also  in- 
cluded. 

This  list  is  designed  to  give  the  reader  information  concerning  forth- 
coming publications. 

PUBLIC.A.TIONS  OF  THE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY,  J.  W.  POWELL,  DIRECTOR. 

Geolog)'  and  Mining  Industry  of  Leadville,  Colorado.  By  S.  F.  Emmons. 

Geology  of  Eureka  Mining  District,  Nevada.  By  Arnold  Hague. 

The  Copper  Rocks  of  Lake  Superior,  and  their  Continuation  through  Minnesota.  By 
Prof.  Rowland  D.  Irving. 

History  of  the  Comstock  Mines.  By  Eliot  Lord. 

The  Comstock  Lode.  By  George  F.  Becker. 

Mechanical  Appliances  used  in  Mining  aird  Milling  on  the  Comstock  Lode.  ByW. 
R.  Eckan. 


Government  Prmting  Office. 


57 

Coal  of  the  United  States.  By  Raphael  Pumpelly. 

Iron  in  the  United  States.  By  Raphael  Pumpelly. 

The  Precious  Metals.  By  Clarence  King. 

Lesser  Metals  and  General  Mineral  Resources.  By  Raphael  Pumpelly. 

Uinkaret  Plateau.  By  Capt.  C.  E.  Dutton. 

Lake  Bonneville.  By  G.  K.  Gilbert. 

Dinocerata.  A monograph  on  an  extinct  order  of  Ungulates.  By  Prof.  O.  C.  Marsh. 

PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  BUREAU  OF  ETHNOLOGY,  J.  W.  POWELL,  DIRECTOR. 
Ethnology  of  North  America  (all  4tos) : 

Vol.  2. — Grammar  and  Dictionary  of  the  Klamath  Indians.  By  A.  S.  Gatchet. 
Vol.  4. — In  3 parts:  Part  1.  Houses  and  House-life  of  tlie  American  Aborigines, 
by  Lewis  H.  Morgan;  Part  2.  Archaeology,  by  Dr.  Rau ; Part  3.  Language 
of  the  Southern  Indians,  by  General  Pike. 

Vol.  5. — Mortuary  Customs  of  the  Indians.  By  Dr.  H.  C.  Yarrow. 

Vol.  6. — Grammar  and  Dictionaiy  of  the  Dakota  Language.  By  S.  R.  Riggs. 

Vol.  7. — Grammar  and  Dictionary  of  the  Ponka  Language.  By  J.  O.  Dorsey. 

Vols.  9 and  10. — (The  contents  of  these  volumes  have  not  yet  been  decided  upon.) 
.\nnual  Report  of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  for  1879.  8vo. 

for  1880.  8vo. 

for  1881.  8vo. 

All  the  above  publications  are  to  be  issued  under  the  direction  of 
Maj.  J.  W.  Powell,  who  has  been  patiently  collecting,  for  more  than 
twenty  years,  valuable  data  respecting  the  ethnological  history  of  the 
North  American  Indians,  and  the  natural  and  geological  history  of  the 
great  Northwest. 

HAYDEN’S  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  REPORTS. 

Vol.  3. — The  Vertebrata  of  the  Me.sozoic  Formations  of  the  Western  Territories.  Bv 
E.  D.  Cope.  4to. 

Vol.  4. — The  Vertebrata  of  the  Tertiary  Formations  of  the  Western  Territories.  By  E. 
D.  Cope.  4to. 

Vol.  8. — Contributions  to  the  Fossil  Flora  of  the  Cretaceous  and  Tertiary  Formations 
of  the  Western  Territories.  4to. 

Vol.  13. — Fossil  Insects  of  the  Western  Territories.  By  S.  H.  Scudder.  4to. 

Vol.  14. — Zoolog)'.  By  Dr.  Elliott  Coues.  4to. 

Twelfth,  or  final.  Annual  Report,  i vol.,  8vo. 

Bulletin  No.  2,  Vol.  6.  Annotated  list  of  the  Birds  of  Nevada  : Osteology  of  the  Amer- 
ican Tetraonidse,  and  other  articles.  8vo. 

SURV'EYS  WEST  OF  THE  lOOTH  MERIDIAN  (UNDER  CHARGE  OF  CAPT.  GEO.  M.  WHEELER). 
Vol.  7,  and  a Supplement  to  Vol.  3,  are  in  hands  of  printer.  4tos. 

PUBLICATIONS  AUTHORIZED  BY  CONGRESS  AND  THE  DEPARTMENTS. 

Congress. 

-\bridgment : Is  simply  an  abridged  edition  of  the  Annual  Reports  of  the  Executive  De- 
partments. I vol.,  8 VO. 

.Appropriations,  New  Offices,  etc.:  Report  of  Secretary  of  the  Senate  and  Clerk  of  the 
House  (made  at  the  close  of  each  session  of  Congress),  of  appropriations  made  and 
new  offices  created.  Pamphlet,  8vo. 


5 8 Public  Printing  and  the 

Atlas  of  Colorado,  Hayden’s  : A revised  and  corrected  edition  has  just  been  ordered  by 
Congress.  A very  valuable  Atlas.  Sold  by  Public  Printer  at  1(3.50,  delivered  at 
the  office;  wrapped  and  registered,  $3.75. 

.\ttorney-General,  Annual  Report  of  the.  i vol.,  8vo. 

Digest  of  Opinions  of  the  : A full  and  complete  digest  of  volumes  l to  16  of  the 

Opinions  of  the  Attorneys-General  was  ordered  at  the  Second  Session  of  the  Forty- 
sixth  Congress.  8vo. 

Opinions  of  the : Published  from  time  to  time,  in  volumes  of  about  600  pages. 

Volumes  15  and  16  have  just  been  issued.  8vo. 

Biennial  Register,  or  Blue  Book  : Containing  a complete  list,  with  compensation  paid 
each,  of  all  persons  employed  under  the  Government  of  the  United  States.  Is 
issued  each  year  that  a new  Congress  assembles.  2 vols.  of  late  years,  4to. 

Capitulation  of  the  Turkish  Empire  : Report  of  the  Secretary  of  State  concerning  the. 
Pamphlet,  8vo. 

Coast  Survey:  Annual  Report  of  the  Superintendent.  l vol.,  4to.  Reports  for  1879 
and  1880  not  yet  printed. 

Commerce  and  Navigation.  Part  I : .Annual  Report  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  on  the 
Commerce  and  Navigation  of  the  United  States,  i vol.,  8vo. 

Part  2 : Internal  Commerce  of  the  United  States.  l vol.,  8vo. 

Commercial  Relations  of  the  United  States:  Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  State 
on  the.  I vol.,  8vo.  Report  for  1880  not  yet  printed. 

Congressional  Directory : Contains  list  of  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress, 
with  brief  biographical  sketches  of  each,  their  residences  in  the  several  States,  and 
official  residence  m Washington;  also,  the  residences,  etc.,  of  all  the  principal  offi- 
cials in  Washington.  Pamphlet,  8vo.  Issued  always  at  the  commencement,  and 
generally  at  the  close,  of  each  session  of  Congress.  Usual  price  by  mail  about 
20  cents. 

Continental  Congress,  Acts  of  the  : Has  been  authorized  by  Congress.  Is  in  preparation. 

Court  of  Claims,  Opinions  of  the:  Issued  every  year  between  July  and  December.  8vo- 

Debates  of  Congress — The  Congressional  Record  : Published  daily  during  the  sessions 
of  Congress,  and  at  the  end  of  the  session  bound  in  volumes.  Large  4to. 

Farr,  Hon.  E.  W.:  Memorial  Addresses  on  the  life  and  character  of.  l vol.,  4to. 

First  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  Decisions  of  the  : The  first  volume  of  these  decisions 
in  press.  Will  probably  be  an  annual  publication  hereafter.  8vo. 

I^ish  and  Fisheries,  Commissioner  of : Annual  Report  of  the.  l vol.,  4to.  Reports  for 
1879  and  1880  not  yet  printed. 

Gold  and  Silver  in  the  United  States  : Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Mint  on  the  Annual 
Production  of.  i vol.,  8vo. 

Iron,  Steel,  and  other  Metals,  Report  of  Board  to  Test : A very  valuable  publication  for 
those  interested  in  such  matters.  2 vols.,  8vo. 

Jefferson’s  Desk  : Proceedings  in  Congress  upon  its  presentation  to  the  United  States  by 
J.  Randolph  Coolidge.  A sort  of  memorial  volume.  Size  and  style  not  j^et  known. 

I>and  Commission,  Report  of  the  : Consists  of  4 vols.  Vol.  3 is  a very  interesting  his- 
tory of  the  original  acquisition,  etc.,  of  all  the  public  domain. 

Laws  of  the  United  States  : Are  issued  at  the  close  of  each  session  of  Congi'ess,  and  are 
known  as  the  Session  Laws.  At  the  end  of  each  Congress  they  are  arr.rnged  in 
numerical  order  and  printed,  and  are  then  known  as  the  Statutes  at  Large,  i vol. 
in  either  case. 

Medical  and  .Surgical  History  of  the  War  : This  valuable  series  was  first  ordered  by  the 


59 


Government  Printing  Office. 

joint  resolution  of  March  3,  i86g,  since  which  time  4 volumes  have  been  issued. 
There  remain  yet  to  be  issued — one  volume  of  which  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the 
printer — 2 volumes.  At  the  last  session  of  Congress,  resolutions  for  printing  another 
edition  of  the  first  4 volumes  of  the  series  were  considered,  and  it  is  probable  that 
at  no  distant  day  they  will  be  ordered. 

National  Board  of  Health  : Annual  Report  of  the.  l vol.,  3vo.  Reports  for  1879  and 
1880  not  yet  printed. 

Paris  Exposition  Reports  : The  most  complete,  handsome,  and  valuable  Exposition  re- 
ports ever  printed  at  the  office.  In  5 vols.,  8vo.  A limited  number  for  sale  by  the 
Public  Printer,  at  ^5  per  set. 

Revised  Statutes,  Supplement  to  : To  embrace  the  laws  of  a general  nature  from  the 
publication  of  the  second  edition  of  the  Revised  Statutes  to  the  close  of  the  Forty- 
sixth  Congress,  i vol.,  4to.  In  hands  of  printer. 

Smithsonian  Institution ; Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary,  i vol.,  8vo.  Report  for 
1880  not  yet  printed. 

Surgeon-General’s  Office,  Catalogue  of  the  Libraiy  of  the  : This  consists  of  abbreviated 
titles  to  all  known  publications  relating  to  medical  science,  and  is  perhaps  the  most 
complete  of  its  kind  ever  attempted.  The  first  volume  has  just  been  issued.  4to. 
Transportation  Routes  to  the  Seaboard:  Report  of  a Committee  on.  Made  in  1874.  A 
reprint.  l vol.,  8vo. 

Trichinae  in  Swine:  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning.  l vol.,  8vo. 
War  of  the  Rebellion,  Official  Records  of  tlie  : This  official  history  of  the  late  war  will 
consist  of  about  96  volumes,  in  three  series.  The  first  5 volumes  of  Series  No.  i, 
and  2 volumes  of  Series  No.  3,  are  now  in  press.  8vo.  Price  $l  per  volume, 

Executive  Departments. 

Agricultural  Department : 

Annual  Report  for  1880.  l vol.,  8vo. 

Special  Report  No.  35  : Statistics  relating  to  the  culture  of  the  grape,  and  the  pro- 
duction of  wine.  Pamphlet,  8vo. 

No.  33  : Diseases  of  Swine  and  other  Domestic  Animals.  Pamphlet,  Svo. 

Bureau  of  Education  (Interior  Department)  : 

Annual  Report  of  the  Commissioner  for  1879.  i vol.,  8vo. 

for  1880.  8vo. 

Special  Report  on  Instruction  in  Drawing  and  Art  Education.  Pamphlet. 

on  Industrial  Education  in  the  United  States.  Pamphlet. 

Circular  of  Information  No.  6,  1880:  Instruction  in  Chemistry  and  Phy.sics. 
Pamphlet. 

No.  7,  1880  : Spelling  Reform.  Pamphlet. 

No.  I,  1881  : Construction  of  Library  Buildings. 

No.  2,  1881  : Education  in  France.  Pamphlet. 

No.  3,  1881  : Historical  Sketches  of  the  University  of  Bonn.  Pamphlet. 

No.  4,  1881  : Proceedings  of  Depaitment  of  Superintendents.  Pamphlet. 

Census  Office  (Interior  Department)  : Report  of  the  Superintendent  of  the.  Tenth 
Census. 

Entomological  Commission  (Interior  Department)  : 

Second  Annual  Report  on  the  Rocky  Mountain  Locust  and  other  Injurious  Insects. 

1 vol.,  8vo. 

Third  Annual  Report  on  the  Rocky  Mountain  Locust  and  other  Injurious  Insects, 
with  a Bibliography  of  Economic  Entomology. 

Bulletin  No.  3 : Report  on  the  Cotton  and  Boll  Worms,  with  means  of  counteract- 
ing their  ravages  ; a revised  edition.  Pamphlet,  8vo.  By  Chas.  V.  Rdey. 


6o 


Public  Printing  and  the 

Bulletin  No.  6.  General  Index  and  Supplement  to  the  Nine  Reports  on  the  In- 
sects of  Missouri.  By  Charles  V.  Riley. 

Bulletin  No.  7.  The  Grape  vine  Phylloxera,  and  other  Insects  Injurious  to  the 
Grape-vine.  By  Charles  V.  Riley. 

Bulletin  No.  8.  Insects  Injurious  to  Shade  and  Forest  Trees.  Pamphlet,  8vo.  By 
Chas.  V.  Riley. 

Patent  Office  (Interior  Department)  : 

Classified  Abridgment  of  Letters  Patent.  In  preparation,  and  will  be  for  sale  by 
Commissioner  of  Patents  when  issued. 

Smithsonian  Institution  (Interior  Departmentj  : 

The  Smithsonian  Institution  will  publish,  in  1881,  the  following  yi'orks,; 

An  index  of  names  used  for  zoological  genera,  comprising  nearly  70,000  titles. 
By  Prof.  Samuel  H.  Scudder.  8vo. 

New  edition  of  rainfall  tables,  with  charts  of  the  precipitation  for  spring,  summer, 
autumn,  winter,  and  the  year.  By  Chas.  A.  Schott.  4to. 

The  Meteorology  of  Providence,  R.  I.  By  Prof.  A.  Caswell.  4to. 

A subject  index  and  a synopsis  of  the  scientific  writings  of  William  Herschel.  By 
Prof.  E.  S.  Holden.  8vo. 

Discussion  of  the  Barometric  Observations  of  Prof.  E.  .S.  Snell.  By  Prof.  F.  H. 
Loud.  8vo. 

Index  Bibliography  of  the  writings  of  Prof.  S.  F.  Baird.  8vo. 

Tables  showing  the  amount  of  precipitation  of  rain  and  snow  for  each  month  and 
year  at  upwards  of  2,000  stations  in  the  United  States.  4to. 

Proceedings  of  the  National  Museum  for  1880.  Vol.  3.  8vo. 

Nomenclature  of  North  American  Birds.  By  Robert  Ridgway.  8vo. 

Report  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  for  the  year  1880.  8vo. 

Record  of  the  Progress  of  Science  in  1879  1880.  By  Profs.  Abbe,  Farlow, 

Barker,  Gill,  Holden,  Mason,  and  others.  8vo. 

Bulletin  United  States  National  Museum ; Flora  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  By 
Prof.  L.  F.  Ward.  8vo. 

Directions  for  collecting  specimens  of  natural  history,  with  special  reference  to 
deep-sea  dredging.  By  Richard  Rathban.  8vo. 

Synopsis  of  the  Fishes  of  North  America.  By  Prof.  D.  S.  Jordan.  8vo. 

Bibliography  of  the  Ichthyology  of  the  Pacific  Coast  of  North  America.  By  Theo- 
dore Gill.  8vo. 

Bulletin  United  States  Fish  Commission.  Vol.  l.  8vo. 

Report  of  the  United  States  Fish  Commission.  Part  7.  8vo. 

Report  on  the  International  Fishery  Exhibition  at  Berlin,  1880,  and  on  the  present 
state  of  the  fisheries  of  Europe.  By  G.  Brown  Goode,  Deputy  Commissioner.  8vo. 

In  connection  with  the  Tenth  Census,  a report  on  the  present  condition  and  past 
history  of  the  fishing  industries  of  the  United  States. 

Naval  Observatory  (Navy  Department) : 

-\stronomical  and  Meteorological  Observations  U.  S.  Naval  Observatoiy,  1877. 

This  volume  will  include,  besides  the  regular  work  of  the  Obsers’atoiy,  six 
appendices,  many  copies  of  which  will  be  issued  separately.  The  subjects  are : 

1.  Investigation  of  the  Objective  and  Micrometers  of  the  26-inch  Equatorial. 

2.  The  Multiple  Star  S 748  in  Nebula  Orionis. 

3.  Longitude  of  Princeton,  N.  J. 

4.  Longitude  of  Cincinnati  Obserx-atory. 

5.  Nebula  of  Orion. 

6.  Observations  of  Double  Stars. 


Government  Printing  Office.  6i 

Astronomical  and  Meteorological  Observations  U.  S.  N.  Observatory,  1876.  This 
volume  for  1876  is  nearly  ready  for  issue  in  two  Parts.  Part  I contains  the 
usual  astronomical  and  meteorological  work.  Part  II  contains  : 

1.  A Subject  Index  to  the  Publications  of  the  United  States  Naval  Observatory 

1845-1875. 

2.  Reports  on  Telescopic  Observations  of  the  Transit  of  Mercury,  May  5-6,  1878. 

3.  Reports  on  the  Total  Solar  Eclipses  of  July  29,  1878,  and  June  li,  1880. 
Nautical  Almanac  Office  (Navy  Department)  : 

American  Ephemeris  and  Nautical  Almanac  for  the  year  1884.  Large  octavo, 
508  pp. 

American  Nautical  Almanac  for  the  year  1885.  8vo,  270  pp. 

The  Ephemeris  is  not  published  for  general  distribution,  but  is  sold  by  the  Su- 
perintendent of  the  Nautical  Almanac  Office,  Washington,  D.  C.,  to  the 
public  at  cost.  The  cost  is  averaged  at  for  the  American  Ephemeris.  A 
smaller  volume,  adapted  to  the  meridian  of  Greenwich,  is  published  and 
sold  by  the  agents  of  the  Navy  Department  at  50  cents  per  copy. 

Clock  and  Zodiacal  Stars,  a catalogue  of  1,098  standards.  4to,  about  170  pp. 

On  Gauss’s  Method  of  Computing  Secular  Perturbations.  By  G.  W.  Hill.  4to. 
Pamphlet. 

Secretary’s  Office  (Navy  Department)  : 

Navy  Register  : Gives  a complete  roster  of  the  officers  and  vessels  of  the  United 
States  Navy.  Is  published  once  each  year,  about  July,  i vol.,  8vo. 

Coast  Survey  Office  (Treasury  Department)  : 

Tide  Tables  for  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Coasts.  Small  8vo.  For  sale  by  regu- 
larly authorized  agents  of  the  Treasury  Department. 

A Treatise  on  Projections.  4to. 

Chief  Signal  Officer  (War  Department)  : 

Instructions  to  Observer  Sergeants.  Pamphlet,  8vo. 

Engineer  Bureau  (War  Department) : 

Professional  Papers  No.  23.  Submarine  Mines ; Report  upon  Experiments  and 
Investigations  to  develop  a System  of.  l vol.,  4to. 

Notes  illustrating  Military  Geography  of  the  United  States.  8vo. 

Translation  of  Treatises  on  River  Improvements.  8vo. 

Index  to  Annual  Reports  of  Chief  of  Engineers  from  1866  to  1869.  8vo. 
Adjutant-General’s  Office  (War  Department)  : 

Army  Register : Gives  a complete  roster  of  all  the  officers  on  the  active  and  retired 
lists  of  the  United  States  Army.  Small  8vo.  Is  published  about  January  i , 
each  year. 

Army  of  the  United  States,  Regulations  of  the  ; A new  edition  of  the  Revised 
Army  Regulations  is  now  in  press.  l vol.,  8vo.  Also  a pocket  edition,  l2ino. 

ANNUAL  REPORTS  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENTS. 

The  Annual  Reports  of  the  Executive  Departments  are  generally 
printed  between  the  months  of  September  and  April  of  each  year,  and 
consist  of  the  following  volumes : 

State  Department:  Generally  2 vols.,  8vo,  containing  the  President’s  annual  messages 
to  Congress  and  correspondence  of  the  Secretary  of  State  through  Ministers  and 
Consuls  with  foreign  Governments. 


62 


Public  Printmg  and  the 

Treasury  Department : i.  Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  on  the  State 
of  the  Finances,  with  the  reports  of  the  Treasurer,  the  several  Auditors,  Registers, 
Comptrollers,  etc.,  and  Bureau  officers  generally;  2.  Report  of  the  Comptroller 
of  the  Currency  ; 3.  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  ; 4.  Re- 
port of  the  Life-Saving  Service.  All  8vos. 

War  Department : l.  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  embracing  the  Reports  of  the 
General  of  the  Army  and  the  Generals  commanding  Military  Divisions  or  Depart- 
ments all  over  the  United  States  ; 2.  Report  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers,  generally 
consisting  of  3 vols.;  3.  Report  of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance;  4.  Report  of  the  Chief 
Signal  Officer  of  the  Army.  All  8vos. 

Navy  Department : Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  embracing  reports  of 
all  the  Bureau  officers.  8vo. 

Post-Office  Department : Annual  Report  of  the  Postmaster-General,  embracing  the 
Reports  of  the  First,  Second,  and  Third  Assistant  Postmasters-General,  the  Auditor 
of  the  Treasury  for  the  Post-Office  Department,  etc.  l vol.,  8vo. 

Interior  Department;  i.  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  embracing  the  Reports 
of  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  and  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land 
Office  ; 2.  Reports  of  the  Auditor  of  Railroad  Accounts,  and  of  the  various  Benev- 
olent and  Reformatory  Institutions  under  the  protection  of  the  Government;  3. 
Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Education.  8vo. 

District  of  Columbia:  Annual  Report  of  the  Commissioners.  8vo. 

It  is  but  quite  recently — within  the  last  ten  or  fifteen  years — that 
the  publications  of  the  Government  have  attracted  special  attention. 
Congress  has  been  very  generous  in  its  assistance  to  all  laudable 
researches  of  a scientific  character,  and  the  production  of  numerous 
valuable  and  interesting  monographs  and  reports  has  been  the  result. 
Unfortunately,  however,  no  proper  provision  has  been  made  for  the 
dissemination  of  these  costly  publications.  Congress  orders  a few 
thousand  copies  of  these  books,  and  the  Senators  and  Representatives 
distribute  them  to  their  constituents ; but  the  probability  is  that  the 
farmer,  who  would  be  most  interested  in  the  Agricultural  Report, 
receives  a work  on  Fossil  Insects,  or  an  Indian  dictionary;  while  the 
scientific  man,  who  could  appreciate  the  real  value  of  the  books  sent 
the  farmer,  is  compelled  to  look  for  geological  data  in  a treatise  on 
trichinae  in  pork.  If  a system  of  distribution  could  be  devised 
whereby  books  issued  from  the  Government  Printing  Office  could  be 
sent  to  those,  and  those  only,  who  are  searchers  in  the  special  fields  of 
science  to  which  the  books  relate,  the  real  value  and  importance  of 
Government  publications  would  be  greatly  increased. 

There  is  a law  on  the  statute-books,  however,  which  permits  any 
person  to  subscribe  for  any  Government  publication  issued  under  the 
authority  of  law.  It  is  as  follows  : 

“If  any  person  desiring  extra  copies  of  any  document  printed  at  the 
Government  Printing  Office  by  authority  of  law  shall,  previous  to  its 
being  put  to  press,  notify  the  Congressional  Printer  of  the ’number  of 


Government  Printing  OjfLce. 


63 

copies  wanted,  and  shall  pay  to  him,  in  advance,  the  estimated  cost 
thereof,  and  ten  per  centum  thereon,  the  Congressional  Printer  may, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing,  furnish 
the  same.” — Sec.  3809  Rev.  Stats. 

A later  law  specifies  copies  of  ‘‘bills,  and  reports,  and  other  public 
documents,”  as  coming  within  the  meaning  of  the  above  section. 

This  seems  very  generous  on  the  part  of  the  Government,  in  furnish- 
ing to  its  citizens  these  books  at  so  trifling  an  advance  upon  the  first 
cost ; but  how  are  those  interested  in  such  matters  to  find  out  what  or 
when  any  public  document  will  be  put  to  press?  There  is  no  list  of 
forthcoming  Government  publications  in  existence,  with  the  exception 
of  the  imperfect  one  here  presented,  and  therefore  it  is  impossible  for 
those  wishing  to  subscribe  to  do  so.  In  the  case  of  some  publications 
of  marked  peculiarity  or  interest,  the  information  may  be  furnished 
through  the  daily  press;  but  probably  even  this  comes  too  late  to 
enable  the  would-be  purchaser  to  avail  himself  of  the  provisions  of  the 
law.  This  will  probably  be  remedied,  as  it  should  be;  and  when 
proper  provision  is  made,  the  Government  Printing  Office  will  have 
entered  upon  a career  of  usefulness  much  in  advance  of  its  present 
importance. 


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CHAPTER  IV. 


THE  PRINTING  OFFICE  BUILDING. 

Hon.  John  A.  Gurley,  a member  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
delivered  a speech  in  the  House  when  the  subject  of  creating  a Gov- 
ernment Printing  Office  was  under  consideration,  in  which  he  used 
the  following  pertinent  language  : 

“ If  there  is  any  public  service  in  this  country  which,  in  preference 
to  almost  any  other,  should  be  performed  by  the  immediate  and  spe- 
cial agents  of  the  Government,  it  is  that  of  Congressional  and  execu- 
tive printing ; and  this  fact  will  appear  the  more  obvious  if  we  con- 
sider that  it  is  necessarily  interwoven  with  the  law-making  power  of 
each  house,  and  cannot,  by  any  possibility,  be  separated  from  it.  It 
is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  it  is  not  only  a leading  but  an  essential 
element  of  national  legislation ; for  the  information  which  it  affords  must 
always  control,  to  some  extent,  the  action  of  those  engaged  in  it.  With- 
out it,  how  can  ge7itlemc7i  intellige7itly  frame  their  bills,  draw  up  their 
reports,  or  eve7i  vote  uoiderstandingly  ? 

“ But  it  is  not  only  a positive,  but  a daily  and  almost  hourly  neces- 
sity while  Congress  is  in  session.  It  is  just  as  essential  to  the  healthy 
action  of  this  legislative  assembly  when  here  convened,  as  our  ordinary 
food  is  to  the  healthy  action  of  our  bodies  and  minds.  There  exists 
about  the  same  necessity  for  the  regular  appearance  in  print  of  bills, 
documents,  and  reports,  as  for  the  appearance  every  morning  upon  the 
table  of  the  breakfast. 

“It  is  unlike  any  other  department  of  Government  service.  For 
ships  you  can  wait ; for  guns  you  can  generally  wait ; and,  ordinarily, 
you  are  in  no  special  hurry  for  the  various  munitions  of  war ; but  you 
cannot  be  deprived  of  your  printing  for  a single  day  without  serious 
embarrassment  and  loss  of  time.  I71  the  sense,  therefore,  of  a leading 
ele7ne7it  of  the  law-makmg  powe7',  the  public  pruitmg  U7iderlies  yout 
ar77iies,  it  U7iderlies  your  navies,  and  every  other  a7'7/i  of  the  natio7ial 
service;  and  in  this  h7tporta7it  particular,  therefore,  bears  710  analogy  to 
the  other  departments  of  the  Got7ern77ient.  ’ ’ 

By  a joint  resolution  introduced  in  Congress  by  Mr.  Gurley  in  re- 

5 ( 65  ) 


66 


Public  Printing  and  the 

lation  to  the  public  printing,  and  subsequently  passed  by  both  houses 
of  Congress  and  approved  by  the  President  June  23,  i860,  the  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Printing  was  “authorized  and  directed  to  have 
executed  the  printing  and  binding  authorized  by  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives,  the  Executive  and  Judicial  Departments, 
and  the  Court  of  Claims;  and  to  enable  him  to  carry  out  the  provis- 
ions of  this  act,  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  contract  for  the  erection  or 
purchase  of  the  necessary  buildings,  machinery  and  materials  for  that 
purpose.” 

In  compliance  with  this  law,  negotiations  were  entered  into,  which 
resulted  in  a contract  between  John  Heart,  the  Superintendent  of 
Public  Printing,  on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  and  T.  Crowell,  by 
which  the  property  now  occupied  by  this  office,  being  part  of  square 
624,  and  containing  46,397  feet,  became  the  property  of  the  United 
States,  at  a cost  of  ^135,000.  The  purchase  included  the  building  and 
all  the  machinery,  type,  paper,  and,  in  fact,  all  the  material  required 
for  a complete  printing  office. 

The  building,  etc.,  is  described,  in  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Printing  of  January  i,  1861,  as  follows: 

“The  public  printing  establishment  is  situated  at  the  northeast 
corner  of  square  624,  at  the  corner  of  H street  north  and  North 
Capitol  street.  The  lot  is  264  feet  9 inches  on  H street,  by  175  feet 
3 inches  on  North  Capitol  street,  containing  46,397  feet,  and  affording 
ample  space  for  any  additions  or  improvements  that  may  be  deemed 
desirable.  The  building  consists  of  a printing  office  and  bindery, 
four  stories  high,  with  a breadth  of  61 feet  and  a depth  of  243  feet; 
a paper  warehouse  59  feet  7 inches  by  79  feet  2 inches ; a machine 
shop  22  feet  2 inches  by  25  feet,  for  repairing  and  renewing  the 
presses  and  machinery ; a boiler  house  20  feet  7 inches  by  26  feet ; a 
coal  house  23  by  27  feet ; a wagon  shed  25  feet  4 inches  by  24  feet ; 
and  stables  23  feet  by  41  feet  2 inches.  These  buildings  are  all  of 
brick,  built  of  the  best  materials  and  in  the  most  durable  manner,  and 
were  erected  under  the  supervision  of  Edward  Clark,  esq.,  now  the 
architect  of  the  Interior  Department,  expressly  for  the  purpose  of  exe- 
cuting the  public  printing  and  binding.  * * They  are  com- 

pletely isolated  from  any  contiguous  building,  being  bounded  on  the 
north  and  east  by  public  streets,  on  the  south  by  a 30-foot  alley,  and 
on  the  west  by  a vacant  lot  of  21  feet  9 inches,  included  in  the  pur- 
chase.” 

An  estimate  of  the  value  of  the  material,  etc.,  on  hand  at  the  time 


Government  Printing  Office.  67 

of  the  purchase  is  found  in  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Superintendent, 


1861,  and  is  as  follows: 

26  printing  presses ^3^>375'0® 

Type,  metal,  furniture,  etc i3T50-0° 

Steam-engine  and  appendages 12,000.00 

Hydraulic  presses 6,000.00 

Drying-room  fixtures 3,000.00 

Gas  fixtures 2,175.00 

Standing  presses  and  fixtures  in  the  wetting-room,  standing  presses, 
machinery,  and  fixtures  in  the  Bindery  and  Folding  Rooms,  machinery 
and  fixtures  in  the  Machine  Shop,  cases,  chases,  imposing-stones,  stands, 
water-pipes,  heating-pipes,  horses,  wagons,  etc 19,534.00 

92,234.00 

Building  and  lot 54>3ii-°o 

146,545.00 


The  original  cost  of  the  above  to  Mr.  Wendell  was  about  ^180,000. 
The  original  building  was  erected  and  occupied  by  Cornelius  Wen- 
dell, and  was  used  also  as  a private  office.  At  the  time  it  was  con- 
structed and  fitted  up  as  a printing  office,  it  was  considered  one  of 
the  most  complete  establishments  of  the  kind  then  in  the  country.  It 
embraced  all  the  modern  conveniences,  and  the  material  and  facilities 
for  doing  the  work  were  all  of  the  newest  and  most  approved  kind. 

The  Superintendent  of  Public  Printing,  in  his  Annual  Report  of  Jan- 
uary 12,  1857,  speaks  of  the  office  as  follows: 

“Since  the  adjournment  of  the  last  session  of  Congress,  the  printer 
to  the  House  of  Representatives,  with  a spirit  of  enterprise  worthy  of 
all  commendation,  erected  at  a very  great  expense,  and  doubtless  with 
much  risk  as  to  the  future  productiveness  of  the  investment  of  capital, 
the  most  complete  and  extensive  printing  establishment  on  this  con- 
tinent. The  printing  of  Congress,  during  late  years,  has  increased  to 
such  an  extent  that  there  was  no  building  in  the  city  of  Washington 
which  afforded  space  and  suitable  architectural  arrangements  for  bring- 
ing out  the  work  with  desirable  expedition  and  neatness ; and  the  tenure 
by  which  the  public  printer  holds  his  office  is  so  uncertain,  that,  until 
now,  no  one  felt  disposed  to  encounter  the  risk  involved  in  an  under- 
taking of  this  character.  The  facilities  thus  afforded  will  not  only 
enable  this  office  to  furnish  the  larger  orders  for  printing  with  greater 
dispatch,  but  will  also  enable  it  to  make  still  further  improvements  in 
the  general  appearance  of  the  public  printing.” 

At  the  time  the  building  was  erected  and  fitted  up  as  a printing 
office,  its  facilities  were  considered  amply  sufficient  to  not  only  execute 
all  the  work  required  by  both  houses  of  Congress,  but  also  to  perform 
any  and  all  work  which  might  be  obtained  from  private  parties  as  well ; 


68 


Public  Printing  and  the 

but  not  many  years  after  its  purchase  by  the  Government,  the  rapid  in- 
crease of  the  work  rendered  an  enlargement  actually  necessary,  and  in 
1865,  after  repeated  and  urgent  calls  upon  Congress  for  money,  the  first 
addition  to  the  main  building  was  made.  The  new  extension,  fronting 
on  H street,  and  extending  west  from  the  west  end  of  the  old  part,  was 
60  feet,  by  a depth  running  south  of  76  feet. 

Five  years  later,  in  1870,  the  second  addition,  extending  south  on 
North  Capitol  street  from  the  east  end  of  the  main  building  113^ 
feet,  with  a general  width  of  feet,  was  made.  The  second  story 

of  this  wing  is  divided  into  six  apartments;  one  of  which  is  used  as 
the  private  business  office  of  the  Public  Printer,  two  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  the  clerks  in  the  Public  Printer’s  office,  one  for  a Library, 
and  the  other  two  are  used  by  the  proof-readers,  copy-preparers,  etc. 

Again,  in  1879,  ^ fire-proof  building  was  added,  running  south  from 
the  west  end  of  the  main  building  86  feet  6 inches  by  53  feet  8 inches 
— thence  east  60  by  60  feet ; also  two  four-story  fire-proof  hall-ways,  1 2 
feet  wide  each,  connecting  the  old  house  with  the  new  wing. 

All  these  extensions,  which  are  very  substantial  and  perfect  in  their 
workmanship,  are  four  stories  in  height,  and  made  to  harmonize  in 
style  of  architecture  with  the  main  or  old  house.  Thus  the  building — 
when  the  new  wing  just  provided  for  is  erected — will  occupy,  exclusive 
of  the  boiler,  coal-house,  and  stables,  more  than  40,205  square  feet, 
and  give  a floor  space  for  workmen  and  material  of  160,820  square 
feet,  or  nearly  4 acres. 

The  addition  alluded  to  above  as  just  having  been  provided  for  by 
Congress  will  connect  the  east  end  of  the  extension  of  1879  with  that 
of  1870,  and  will  be  93  by  60  feet,  and  four  stories  in  height.  It  will 
probably  be  ready  for  occupancy  during  the  coming  fall.  This  addition 
will  give  the  form  of  the  whole  building  that  of  a rectangular  quad- 
rangle, with  a court  in  the  center. 

In  1878,  Congress  made  an  appropriation  of  $3,000  for  fire-escapes 
for  the  building.  The  Public  Printer  contracted  for  the  building  of 
these  escapes  at  $2,244.  They  are  of  brick  and  iron,  and  circular  in 
form,  are  constructed  outside  the  building,  and  are  very  substantial ; so 
that  should  a fire  occur,  in  spite  of  every  possible  precaution,  these 
will  afford  additional  and  ample  means  of  escape  to  the  employes. 
These  escapes  do  not  communicate  with  the  second  floor,  from  which 
sufficient  places  of  exit  were  already  provided,  but  are  for  the  exclusive 
use  of  the  third  and  fourth  floors.  As  an  additional  precaution  against 
fifh',  chemical  fire-extinguishers  have  been  provided,  and  certain  em- 
ployes are  instructed  in  their  use. 

On  the  ground  floor  of  the  main  building  are  situated  the  Press  and 
Dry-Press  Rooms,  Paper  Warehouse  No.  i,  fire-proof  Vault  for  Stereo- 


PRINTING  DEPARTMENT— Job  Room. 


Government  Printing  Office.  69 

type  Plates  and  Cuts,  the  Machine  and  Carpenter  shops,  and  in  the 
court  the  roller,  boiler,  and  coal  houses,  and  until  quite  recently  the 
stables. 

On  the  second  floor  are  the  offices  of  the  Public  Printer,  the  Chief 
Clerk,  the  Disbursing  Clerk,  the  Foreman  of  Printing,  the  Document 
Room,  the  Job  Room,  the  Stereotyping  and  Electrotyping  Depart- 
ments, the  Proof  Room,  etc. 

The  third  floor  is  occupied  by  the  Binding  Department  and  Ware- 
house No.  2 for  binders’  materials. 

On  the  fourth  floor  are  the  Folding  Room,  the  Congressional  Record 
Room,  the  Patent  Office  Specification  Room,  and  Warehouse  No.  3. 

The  new  addition  will  be  occupied  by  a general  extension  of  the 
overcrowded  branches  of  the  office,  which  are  sadly  in  need  of  addi- 
tional working  room  for  the  more  economical  and  expeditious  execu- 
tion of  the  work. 

Two  large  elevators  transport  material  and  work  to  the  different 
rooms,  and  one  small  box  elevator,  for  hurried  work  and  small  jobs, 
from  the  ground  to  the  fourth  floor. 

The  office  is  provided  with  every  requisite  known  to  the  craftsmen 
of  the  day  for  the  execution  of  the  printing  and  binding  in  a neat, 
expeditious,  and  workmanlike  manner,  and  undoubtedly  uses  more 
material  and  executes  more  work  than  any  other  printing  office  in  the 
world.  Ever  since  its  organization  as  a national  office,  it  has  had  a 
struggle  for  existence,  as  its  creation  destroyed  forever  the  contract 
and  “organ”  systems  of  executing  the  public  printing  in  this  country. 

There  are  now  employed  in  this  immense  establishment — which  has 
been  truthfully  called  the  “ largest  printing  office  in  the  world” — from 
1,500  to  1,800  people,  who  are  divided  among  the  different  depart- 
ments, which  are  elsewhere  more  particularly  mentioned. 

CAPACITY  OF  THE  OFFICE  FOR  DOING  GREAT  QUANTITIES  OF 

WORN. 

The  capacity  of  the  office  for  doing  vast  quantities  of  work  is  illus- 
trated by  the  following  information,  taken  from  the  report  of  the 
Public  Printer  for  1880. 

The  first  table  exhibits  the  amount  of  work  executed  for  the  Execu- 
tive Departments  and  Congress  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1878;  and  the  second  one  the  amount  for  1879; 


70 


Ptiblic  Printing  and  the 

1878. 


Blanks,  en- 
velopes, &c. 

Pamphlets  and  docu  nts. 
^ me 

Blank 

books. 

Miscella- 
neous bind- 
ing. 

Number  of 
copies. 

Number  of 
pages. 

Executive  Departments. 

69-388,336 

5.569.317 

949,761 

17,908,510 

120,797 
1 14,100 

120,1  50 
580 

31,631 

12,474 

74,957,653 

18,858,271 

234,897 

120,730 

44,105 

1879. 


Blanks,  en- 
velopes, &c. 

Pamphlets  and  documents. 

Blank 

books. 

Miscella- 
neous bind- 
ing. 

Number  of 
copies. 

Number  of 
pages. 

Executive  Dep.artments. 

98,097,933 

3/t5 1,086 

I 19,201 

246,564 

16,289 

Congress 

7,714,653 

15, 250,3*2 

110,749 

677 

9.987 

Total 

105,812,586 

18,701,398 

229,950 

247,241 

26,276 

The  following  table  shows  the  amount  of  work  executed  during  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1880  : 


Pamphlets  and  documents. 

Miscel- 

Memor- 

Blanks,  en- 
velopes, &c. 

Number  of 
copies. 

Number  of 
pages. 

Blank 

books. 

laneous 

bind- 

ing. 

andum 

blocks. 

Executive  Departments. 

122,713,897 

8,553,575 

4,331.299 

12,802,500 

122,888 

108,722 

340,708 

728 

27,794 

11,344 

311,744 

17,265 

131,267,472 

17,133,799 

231,610 

341,436 

39,138 

329,009 

As  an  evidence  of  the  increase  of  the  work  in  the  office,  the  number 
of  blanks  printed  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1879, 
ceeded  those  printed  during  the  previous  year  by  30,854,933,  and  the 
blank  books  by  126,511;  and  the  increase  of  blanks  printed  during 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  t88o,  over  those  printed  during  1879, 
is  25,454,886,  and  of  blank  books  94,195.  The  increase  of  the  work 
during  the  first  quarter  of  the  fiscal  year  i88o-’8i,  as  shown  by  requisi- 
tions from  the  Executive  Departments,  exceeds  that  of  the  last  fiscal 
year  during  the  same  time  by  twenty-five  per  cent. 


Government  Printing  Office.  "g 

The  largest  edition,  in  book  form,  of  any  publication  issued  from 
the  office  is  that  of  the  Agricultural  Report,  which  for  several  years 
past  has  numbered  300,000  copies.  The  cost  per  copy  of  this  vol- 
ume, which  usually  is  limited  for  convenience  in  handling  to  from  500 
to  650  pages,  is  about  forty-five  or  fifty  cents.  Of  course,  in  the  way 
of  blanks,  orders  are  received  for  millions  of  copies  at  a time.  As  an 
example  in  this  particular  may  be  mentioned  the  money-order  blanks. 
Nearly  every  person,  at  some  time,  has  had  occasion  to  fill  out  a 
“money-order,”  or  receive  one  and  get  it  cashed  at  some  post-office. 
There  are  printed  about  one  million  copies  of  this  form  every  six 
weeks,  and  they  are  in  constant,  daily  use  at  every  money-order  office 
throughout  the  country.  Also  the  books  required  at  each  of  these 
offices,  specially  printed,  with  the  names  inside  and  out,  and  numbered, 
counted,  and  paged.  These  two  items  are  very  considerable,  and 
regularly  increasing  from  year  to  year,  with  the  growth  of  population 
and  the  necessary  establishment  of  new  money-order  offices. 

The  Capitol,  by  its  House  of  Representatives  and  Senate  officers, 
has  had  printed  at  times  as  high  as  four  millioti  envelopes,  supposed  to 
be  mainly  for  “campaign  purposes.” 

During  the  Census  years  heretofore  the  number  of  blanks  called  for 
has  been  enormous — upwards  of  twelve  or  fourteen  millions — but  dur- 
ing the  last  year  the  system  has  been  somewhat  changed,  and  the  edi- 
tion is  smaller  in  actual  blanks. 

When  it  is  remembered  that  every  Custom  House,  Land  Office, 
Internal  Revenue  Office,  Pension  Agency,  Post-Office,  Treasury 
Branch  Office,  War,  Navy,  Consular  and  Diplomatic  Office  relating  to 
the  service  of  Uncle  Sam  has  its  sprinkling  of,  not  only  blanks,  but  ex- 
pensive books  and  pamphlets,  furnished  and  bound  here,  some  idea 
may  be  formed  of  the  ponderous  and  perpetual  labor  involved,  and 
the  untold  material  consumed  every  day  and  year. 

PRINTING  FOR  THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENTS. 

The  printing  for  the  Executive  Departments  was  transferred  to  the 
Government  Printing  Office  on  the  3d  of  March,  1861.  Immediately 
previous  to  that  time  it  was  done  by  the  printer  to  the  Senate.  In 
July,  1869,  under  the  law  of  Congress  to  that  effect,  the  Commissioner 
of  Customs  transferred  to  the  office  the  printing  and  binding  for  all 
the  Custom  Houses  of  the  United  States.  This  work  had  been  done 
previously  by  private  printing  offices  in  the  several  localities  where  the 
customs  were  collected,  and  the  transfer  suddenly  precipitated  a large 
additional  amount  of  business  upon  the  office.  For  instance,  during 
the  first  month  after  this  change,  orders  were  received  for  4,416  blank 
books,  printed  and  plain,  of  all  sizes,  from  cap  to  imperial,  and  for 


72  Public  Printing  and  Government  Printing  Office. 

1,510,300  blanks,  of  all  sizes  in  use,  for  the  Customs  service.  About 
this  period  also  the  Post-Office  Department  concentrated  its  entire 
printing  and  binding  in  the  office,  which,  with  the  Customs  work, 
increased  the  item  of  blank-book  binding  alone  at  least  100  per  cent, 
over  any  previous  period  in  the  history  of  the  office. 


CHAPTER  V. 

THE  PRINTING  DEPARTMENT. 


DOCUMENT  ROOM. 

The  office  of  the  Foreman  of  Printing  is  located  in  the  east  end  of 
the  Document  Room. 

The  Foreman  of  Printing  has  a general  supervision,  under  the  law, 
over  all  the  different  branches  of  the  office  in  which  the  printing  is 
done,  and,  upon  the  verbal  or  written  request  of  the  Assistant  Foremen 
in  charge  of  the  different  divisions,  makes  requisitions  upon  the  Public 
Printer  for  all  material  and  supplies  required  in  the  execution  of  the 
work.  It  is  also  his  duty  to  make  a monthly  report  to  the  Public 
Printer,  of  the  number  of  hands  employed,  and  the  amount  and  char- 
acter of  the  work  performed. 

In  his  office  are  kept,  in  separate  books,  under  proper  headings,  all 
the  work  (done  in  the  Document  Room)  received  from  the  Executive 
Departments,  the  Courts,  and  from  both  houses  of  Congress.  From 
the  office  of  the  Chief  Clerk  “jackets”  are  sent  to  the  Foreman  of 
Printing,  with  the  manuscript  of  each  job  or  volume,  the  jacket  being 
the  voucher  upon  which  the  Foreman  performs  the  work.  Upon  the 
receipt  of  the  manuscript,  the  Foreman  of  Printing  places  it  in  the 
hands  of  copy-preparers,  who,  after  numbering  each  sheet  in  the  order 
in  which  it  is  to  be  put  in  type,  mark  the  different  kinds  of  type  in 
which  it  is  to  be  set,  indicating  also  whether  the  volume  is  to  be  in 
octavo,  or  quarto,  or  any  of  the  other  numerous  sizes  in  which  books 
are  printed  in  the  establishment.  The  manuscript  is  then  transferred 
to  the  Assistant  Foreman  of  Printing,  who  has  immediate  charge  of 
the  mechanical  branch  of  the  work  in  the  Document  Room,  and  by 
him  is  parceled  out  to  the  compositors. 

The  current  printing  for  Congress  is  sent  directly  to  the  Foreman 
of  Printing  by  the  Printing  Clerks  of  the  Senate  and  House  of 
Representatives,  during  the  sessions  of  Congress,  the  executive  and 
miscellaneous  documents  being  numbered  in  separate  series  at  the 
Foreman’s  Office,  and  entered  in  a book  kept  for  that  purpose.  The 
reports  of  committees  and  the  bills  and  resolutions  are  numbered  by 
the  Printing  Clerks  at  the  Capitol. 


( 73  ) 


74 


Public  Printing  and  the 

During  the  Forty-sixth  Congress  518  executive  and  294  miscellane- 
ous documents,  3,164  reports  of  committees,  and  597  laws,  aggregating 
81,348  pages,  and  over  9,000  bills  and  resolutions,  which  would  prob- 
ably number  36,000  pages  more,  in  addition  to  the  unusually  large 
amount  of  miscellaneous  printing  for  the  use  of  the  committees  of  the 
two  houses  of  Congress  and  the  Departments,  were  received  and  re- 
corded in  the  Foreman’s  Office.  Jackets  for  all  the  Congressional 
printing,  of  whatever  nature,  are  here  prepared. 

The  second  floor  of  the  main  building,  including  the  addition  of 
1865,  is  known  as  the  Document  Room.  It  is  303  feet  long,  243  feet 
of  which  is  60  feet  wide,  and  60  feet  76  feet  wide. 

The  stands  for  compositors  are  arranged  on  the  north  and  south 
sides  of  the  room,  and  the  imposing-stones,  make-up  stands,  galley 
racks,  and  cabinets,  and  the  many  other  appurtenances  which  are 
necessary  in  a large  office,  occupy  the  center  of  the  floor.  Two 
hundred  and  fifty  to  three  hundred  compositors,  which  is  about  the 
average  number  employed,  can  be  accommodated  here,  in  addition  to 
the  floor-hands,  makers-up,  and  laborers. 

When  the  office  was  purchased  in  i860,  this  room  contained  93 
double  stands  for  compositors’  cases,  349  pairs  of  cases,  19  imposing- 
stones,  108  chases,  41,300  pounds  of  type  of  various  kinds,  and  335 
galleys,  mostly  wooden,  and  2 small  proof-presses.  There  are  now 
in  constant  use  202  double  stands,  2,400  pairs  of  cases,  30  imposing- 
stones,  more  than  200,000  pounds  of  type,  besides  about  150  fonts  of 
type  used  for  title-pages  and  headings,  400  chases  of  all  sizes,  6 proof- 
presses,  including  three  2j^  by  6 feet,  and  one  Washington  press, 
24  by  38,  and  about  20  cabinets  for  extra  type  and  cases. 

At  the  present  time  (March,  1881),  there  are  employed  here,  exclu- 
sive of  the  proof-reading  corps,  which  occupies  a room  immediately 
adjoining,  about  three  hundred  compositors,  makers-up,  floor-hands, 
and  laborers,  including  three  female  compositors  and  about  thirty  ap- 
prentices. 

The  composition  for  all  the  scientific  works  published  by  the 
Government — which  are  not  only  yearly  increasing  in  number,  but  in 
the  complexity  of  their  preparation — is  done  in  this  room.  This  work 
embraces  all  the  text-books,  or  books  of  instruction,  and  annual  and 
other  reports  of  the  various  bureaus  of  the  several  Executive  Depart- 
ments, the  quarto  and  annual  reports  of  the  geological  and  geograph- 
ical surveys  of  the  Territories,  all  the  executive  and  miscellaneous 
documents,  and  the  reports  of  the  committees,  and  the  bills  and 
resolutions  for  both  houses  of  Congress,  as  well  as  the  thousands  of 
pages  of  testimony  taken  by  investigating  committees,  and,  with  very 
few  exceptions  (which  are  elsewhere  stated),  all  the  publications  in 


Government  Printing  Office.  75 

book  form  of  every  branch  or  bureau  or  Department  of  the  Govern- 
ment both  in  and  out  of  Washington. 

The  composition  and  proof-reading  and  general  typographical 
appearance  of  the  Government  Printing  Office  publications — which 
here  have  their  form  and  shape  and  style  determined — have  attracted 
the  attention  of  many  master-printers  and  scientific  men  at  home  and 
abroad,  and  received  from  them  unstinted  praise.  The  “Narrative  of 
the  Polaris,”  and  “Hall’s  Second  Arctic  Expedition,”  Clarence 
King’s  first  volume  of  the  Surveys  of  the  40th  Parallel,  and  the  Paris 
Exposition  Reports,  in  five  volumes,  all  recent  publications,  are 
models  of  the  printer’s  art  in  typography,  and  have  been  much  sought 
after  by  scientific  and  literary  people. 

The  amount  of  composition  performed  in  the  Document  Room  in 
the  course  of  a year  is  simply  enormous ; the  regular  monthly  average 
is  about  35,000,000  ems,  printers’  measurement,  giving  a yearly  total 
of  420,000,000  ems,  which,  if  paid  for  by  the  piece,  would  amount 
to  over  $200,000  for  composition  alone  in  the  Document  Room. 

PIECE  DEPARTMENT. 

On  the  same  floor,  and  forming  part  of  the  Document  Room,  is  the 
Piece  Department,  in  charge  of  a maker-up,  in  which  are  employed 
some  60  to  80  compositors,  engaged  principally  upon  work  for  the 
Supreme  Court,  the  Court  of  Claims,  etc.  Some  of  the  more  expert 
compositors  in  the  Piece  Department  earn  from  $75  to  $100  per 
month.  Their  constant  employment,  however,  is  much  more  uncer- 
tain than  that  of  their  more  favored  brethren  in  other  portions  of  the 
office.  The  Court  work  is  always  required  at  the  earliest  possible 
moment,  and  when  the  money  is  exhausted,  the  force  is  relegated  to 
private  life,  and  sometimes  this  enforced  idleness  lasts  for  two  and 
three  months  in  the  year. 

PROOF  ROOM. 

To  the  proof-reader  more  than  to  any  other  single  individual  is  the 
author  of  a work  indebted  for  the  good  or  bad  appreciation  of  his  pro- 
duction. He  is  unbiased  and  unprejudiced,  and  reads  the  book  with 
an  eye  only  to  its  perfection.  If  he  is  competent  and  worthy  of  his 
calling,  he  is  as  unsparing  in  his  silent  criticisms  as  he  is  nimble  with 
his  pencil.  He  does  not  stop  to  criticise  it  for  its  statements  of  facts 
or  fancy — although  his  constant  reading  may  often  enable  him  to  cor- 
rect the  former  and  ornament  the  latter — but  only  for  the  beauty  and 
symmetry  of  the  language  used,  and  for  its  correct  orthography  and 
grammar.  The  class  of  matter  passing  through  a large  establishment 
like  the  Government  Printing  Office  necessarily  embraces  treatises  upon 


76 


Public  Prmtmg  and  the 

all  the  known  sciences,  and  involves  a knowledge,  for  its  proper  pro- 
duction, of  all  the  modern  and  dead  languages.  It  is  not  an  uncom- 
mon occurrence  for  the  proof-readers  in  the  office  to  correct  ihe  quota- 
tions of  authors  in  the  ancient  and  modern  languages,  and  yet  I venture 
to  assert  that  not  one  in  the  whole  corps  has  ever  had  the  advantage 
of  a collegiate  or  classical  education.  The  French,  the  German,  and 
the  Latin  tongues  are  cleverly  handled  by  several  of  the  workmen  in 
the  Proof  Room,  and  all  their  information  on  these  subjects  has  been 
acquired  while  serving  at  the  printing  business.  “Influence,”  as  the 
term  is  understood  in  Washington,  cannot  be  permitted  to  exercise  its 
wonted  avoirdupois  in  the  Proof  Room,  where  men  must  be  selected 
solely  for  their  fitness. 

There  are  now  in  process  of  printing  some  highly  scientific  and 
typographically  difficult  works,  one  dictionary  of  the  Indian  language 
— every  word  of  which  is  more  outrageous  to  the  English  tongue  than 
the  most  outlandish  of  Russian  proper  names — and  four  catalogues  of 
different  Government  libraries.  One  of  these  latter,  and  the  most 
herculean  task  of  all,  is  the  Index  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the 
Surgeon-General’s  Office,  U.  S.  A.,  embracing,  as  it  does,  the  whole 
field  of  medicine  and  medical  literature,  by  author  and  subject,  from 
most  remote  times.  A peculiar  and  truly  ingenious  system  of  abbre- 
viation of  titles  of  medical  publications  has  been  devised  for  this  work, 
which  it  is  proposed  to  extend  to  all  other  fields  of  science,  including 
publications  in  all  the  languages.  The  work  upon  this  catalogue,  one 
volume  of  which  has  recently  been  issued,  has  received  the  praise  of 
some  of  the  best  scholars  for  its  perfect  production,  and  has  excited 
the  admiration  of  all  who  have  examined  its  neat  and  tasteful  typo- 
graphical appearance.  To  the  medical  profession  it  is  simply  invalu- 
able. 

Webster’s  Dictionary  is  the  standard  in  the  office.  The  authors  of 
Government  publications  come  from  all  sections  of  the  country.  They 
are  professional  and  scientific  men,  highly  educated,  and  their  wishes 
in  orthographical  matters  are,  of  course,  entitled  to  great  weight. 
Several  years  ago,  when  the  matter  was  under  consideration  by  the 
Public  Printer,  the  decided  preference  expressed  by  the  great  majority 
of  those  having  business  with  the  office  as  authors,  readers,  etc.,  in 
favor  of  Webster’s  Dictionary,  led  him  to  select  it  as  the  standard ; and 
thus  it  became,  and  still  is,  the  preferred  authority  in  the  Government 
Printing  Office  in  all  matters  of  orthography,  definition,  etymology, 
pronunciation,  and  general  information. 

The  Proof  Room  is  on  the  second  floor,  communicating  directly 
with  the  Document  Room  and  Foreman’s  Office.  In  it  are  employed 
from  ten  to  twelve  proof-readers  who  read  by  copy,  six  to  eight  silent 


Government  Planting  Office. 


77 


or  second  readers,  two  preparers  of  copy,  three  revisers,  a copy -holder 
to  each  of  the  first  readers,  and  one  messenger,  all  under  the  super- 
vision of  a chief,  himself  a proof-reader.  Almost  every  kind  of  work 
excepting  the  Congressional  Record,  the  blank  work,  and  the  weekly 
issue  of  patents,  is  read  in  this  room. 

A record  is  kept  of  all  work  done,  of  whatever  nature,  giving  the 
number  of  pages,  the  time  when  read,  and  by  whom,  and  the  final  dis- 
position of  the  proof  and  copy. 

From  the  commencement  of  the  First  Session  of  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress  to  the  4th  of  March,  1881,  a period  of  about  two  years,  there 
were  read  and  revised  in  this  room  of  Congressional  documents, 
including  the  annual  reports  of  the  Executive  Departments,  but  exclud- 
ing the  laws,  more  than  60,000  printed  pages  of  matter  for  the  House 
of  Representatives,  and  more  than  35,000  for  the  Senate,  covering  over 
350,000  folios  of  manuscript  copy.  In  the  same  time  the  current 
work  for  the  Departments  and  the  courts  was  done,  and  will  equal  in 
number  of  pages  and  folios  of  manuscript  the  Congressional  work  above 
cited. 

Some  of  the  readers  employed  here  have  been  engaged  in  the 
Government  printing  for  a great  number  of  years;  two  of  them  for 
forty  years;  one  for  thirty-four  years;  three  for  about  twenty-one  years, 
and  the  others  from  ten  to  fourteen  years  each. 

JOB  ROOM  {EXECUTIVE  PRINTING). 

The  Job  Room  occupies  part  of  the  new  fire-proof  wing  erected  in 
1879,  ^ inches  long  by  53  feet  8 inches  wide,  with  a 

ceiling  13  feet  high. 

In  i860,  the  Job  Room  was  quite  an  insignificant  affair  as  compared 
with  the  Job  Room  of  to-day.  The  only  blank  work  then  done  for 
the  Government  was  for  the  use  of  the  immediate  Departments  here  in 
Washington.  The  blank  printing  for  the  different  branches  of  the 
Departments  located  outside  of  the  Capital  City  was  executed  in  pri- 
vate printing  offices  where  these  branches  were  located. 

The  inventory  of  the  office,  taken  at  the  time  of  its  transfer  to  the 
Government,  shows  that  the  material  then  on  hand  consisted  of  about 
100  fonts  of  type,  224  cases,  80  chases  of  all  sizes,  4 imposing-stones, 
and  25  composing-sticks.  These  have  been  increased  and  replenished 
from  time  to  time,  until  there  are  now  in  use  448  fonts  of  type,  781 
cases,  about  1,200  chases  of  all  sizes,  14  imposing-stones,  240  com- 
posing-sticks, I Washington  hand  press,  used  only  for  taking  proofs, 
and  I Degener  press  for  small,  hurried  work. 

The  work  performed  in  this  department  is  in  part  as  follows : The 
composition  on  blank  books,  the  blank  forms,  comprising  bonds,  con- 


7 8 Public  Printing  and  the 

tracts,  pay-rolls,  vouchers,  schedules,  circulars,  letter-heads,  envelopes, 
specifications,  and,  in  fact,  all  species  of  job  printing  (excepting  that 
executed  at  the  branch  offices  at  the  Treasury,  Interior,  and  Navy  De- 
partments), for  all  the  Departments  in  Washington,  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  and  for  all  the  post-offices,  custom-houses,  pension  agencies, 
mints,  the  railway  mail  service,  signal  offices,  etc.,  in  all  the  States 
and  Territories  in  the  United  States,  and  all  the  blanks,  blank  books, 
etc.,  used  by  diplomatic  and  consular  officers  of  the  United  States, 
wherever  located.  The  volumes  of  the  Medical  and  Surgical  History 
of  the  Rebellion,  already  printed,  and  those  now  in  press,  as  well  as 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Coast  Pilot,  are  also  done  here.  These  two 
publications  are  very  elaborate  and  expensive  works,  requiring  great 
skill  and  care  in  their  execution,  and  have  been  in  course  of  publica- 
tion for  several  years. 

The  Job  Room  has  on  hand,  ready  for  press  at  any  time,  without 
composition,  about  18,000  electrotype  and  stereotype  plates  of  stand- 
ing forms  (forms  that  are  rarely,  if  ever,  changed,  except  as  to  dates), 
of  blanks  for  the  Departments. 

For  the  class  of  work  required,  it  is  a most  complete  and  well-man- 
aged branch  of  this  great  establishment. 

A fine  corps  of  workmen  is  employed  in  the  Job  Room.  A majority 
of  them  have  been  engaged  in  the  composition  of  blanks  and  blank 
books  ever  since  the  organization  of  the  office  as  a Government  insti- 
tution. Their  skill  is  well  known,  and  will  compare  favorably  with 
that  of  any  similar  class  of  workmen  employed  in  any  office  in  the 
country.  The  work  turned  out  is  of  the  highest  order,  and  has  received 
frequent  commendations  from  competent  critics. 

PATENT  OFFICE  SPECIFICATION  ROOM. 

The  total  annual  receipts  of  the  Patent  Office  for  1837  were  only 
^33,506.98,  but  in  1880  they  had  increased  to  $749,685.32,  and  this 
amount  has  never  been  exceeded  except  in  1866,  when  they  were 
$757,987.65.  The  printing  for  the  Patent  Office  naturally  increased 
with  the  business  of  that  office.  Up  to  October — I believe  the  exact 
date  was  13th — 1868,  the  printing  of  the  specifications,  etc.,  was  done 
at  a private  printing  establishment  in  Washington,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Patent  Office  authorities,  and  paid  for  out  of  the  funds  of  the 
Patent  Office.  At  that  time,  however,  under  the  law,  it  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Government  Printing  Office,  and  has  since  continued  to 
be  executed  there. 

The  law  of  January  ii,  1871,  abolished  the  publication  of  the  an- 
nual mechanical  report  of  the  Patent  Office,  and  substituted  therefor 
a weekly  report  of  specifications,  with  photolithographic  illustrations. 


Government  Printing  Office. 


79 


and  in  this  form  copies  were  printed,  photolithographed  and  bound 
from  the  first  day  of  July,  1871.  These  volumes,  which  are  small 
quartos,  containing  from  1,000  to  1,200  pages  each,  were  bound  in  a 
strong  and  expensive  manner,  and  were  deposited  in  the  Capital  of 
every  State  and  Territory,  in  the  Clerk’s  Office  of  the  District  Court 
of  each  judicial  district  of  the  United  States — except  where  such  offices 
are  located  in  State  or  Territorial  Capitals — and  in  the  Library  of 
Congress,  that  they  may  be  used  as  evidence  in  the  prosecution  and 
adjudication  of  patent  cases  before  the  LTiited  States  Courts. 

At  a little  later  period,  the  specifications  and  illustrations  were  bound 
monthly  instead  of  weekly,  and  this  is  the  custom  now  pursued,  and 
the  system  has  greatly  reduced  the  expense  of  binding. 

The  printing  and  reprinting  of  specifications  of  patents  issued  prior 
to  November  27,  1866,  and  reprinting  of  many  of  those  issued  subse- 
quent to  that  date,  has  been  progressing,  and  during  the  past  year 
about  1,000  per  month  have  been  executed  in  the  Specification  Room, 
in  addition  to  the  regular  average  issue  of  1,200  new  specifications 
monthly,  to  keep  up  with  the  current  business  of  the  Patent  Office. 
These  old  specifications,  with  the  regular  issues,  represent  more  than 
52,000  pages  of  large  quarto  matter  turned  out  of  this  room  in  the  past 
year. 

In  the  Specification  Room  about  70, or  80  of  the  most  rapid  type- 
setters in  the  office  are  employed  during  the  greater  part  of  the  year, 
and  the  average  amount  of  work  executed  weekly  is  something  in  ex- 
cess of  500  pages  quarto,  and  a monthly  volume  of  specifications  of 
from  1,500  to  2,000  pages,  with  350  to  450  pages  of  photolithographic 
illustrations.  In  addition,  the  Patent  Office  Gazette,  a weekly  publi- 
cation containing  the  decisions  of  the  Commissioner  and  the  Assistant 
Commissioner  of  Patents  and  of  the  Courts  in  patent  cases,  with  the 
official  orders  and  rulings  of  the  Department,  a list  of  the  patents  and 
patentees,  etc. — 500  copies  of  which  are  bound — is  also  printed  in  the 
Specification  Room. 

The  compositors  employed  in  this  room  are  paid  for  their  labor  by 
the  piece — which,  by  the  way,  I believe  to  be  the  only  correct  system 
of  discharging  obligations  for  the  composition  of  type — and,  as  a result, 
there  is  less  jar  and  dissatisfaction  among  these  compositors  than  in 
any  other  single  branch  of  the  establishment.  It  requires  long  experi- 
ence upon  the  part  of  both  compositors  and  proof-readers  to  properly 
execute  this  work,  owing  to  the  numerous  technical  and  scientific  terms 
used,  and  the  perfection  required  in  the  production  of  the  typography 
of  the  specifications,  as  a very  slight  error  frequently  necessitates  the 
reprinting.  As  these  specifications  are  a source  of  revenue  to  the  Patent 
Office,  the  prompt  and  correct  execution  of  the  work  is  a very  great 
consideration  to  the  Patent  Office  authorities  and  to  inventors. 


8o 


Public  Printing  and  the 

The  material,  etc.,  in  this  room  consists  of  about  10,000  pounds  of 
long  primer  type,  3,000  pounds  of  nonpareil,  and  10  or  12  fonts  of 
types  for  title-pages,  headings,  etc.,  about  100  pairs  of  cases,  ii  im- 
posing-stones, and  the  usual  complement  of  other  auxiliaries  that  are 
comprised  in  the  furnishing  of  a complete  printing  office. 

PRESS  ROOM. 

Next  to  the  steam-engine,  the  machine  that  has  contributed  most  to 
the  world’s  material  progress  is  the  printing  press.  No  other  machine 
can  compare  with  it  in  contributing  to  the  enlightenment  of  mankind. 
From  the  rude  and  simple  press  upon  which  Dr.  Franklin  learned  his 
trade,  to  the  marvelous  printing  presses  of  the  present  day,  the  best 
talent  and  most  consummate  mechanical  skill  have  been  diligently  em- 
ployed in  bringing  the  printing  machine  to  its  highest  perfection. 
Several  years  ago  it  was  believed  that  the  very  acme  of  rapidity  and 
completeness  had  been  attained  ; but  later  still,  more  rapid  and  more 
complete  printing  presses  were  brought  out  and  placed  in  operation. 
Without  entering  into  a history  of  the  progress  of  printing  presses,  we 
may  take  for  comparison  the  capacities  of  the  Hoe  Presses  of  different 
eras.  The  single-cylinder  Hoe  Press  of  1843  printed  1,200  papers,  on 
one  side,  per  hour;  the  double-cylinder  Hoe  Press  of  1853  printed 
2,500  to  3,000  papers,  on  one  side,  per  hour;  the  four-cylinder  Hoe 
Press  of  1858  printed  8,000  to  10,000  papers,  on  one  side,  per  hour; 
the  eight-cylinder  Hoe  Press  of  1863  printed  16,000  to  22,000  papers, 
on  one  side,  per  hour ; the  Hoe  Double-Web  Perfecting  Press  prints, 
cuts,  pastes,  and  folds  30,000  papers,  on  both  sides,  per  hour  ! 

To  the  majority  of  visitors  the  Press  Room  is  considered  the  most 
interesting  place  in  the  office.  The  clank  and  clatter  of  sixty  ponderous 
machines,  with  the  whirr  and  buzz  of  running  wheels,  and  the  hurrying 
to  and  fro  of  an  army  of  workmen  and  workwomen,  give  to  the 
Press  Room  an  air  of  bustle  and  business  which  is  not  perceptible  in  the 
other  departments  of  the  office.  The  perfect  mechanism  necessary  in 
a printing  press,  and  the  deliberate  and  steady  way  in  which  all  presses 
“go  about  their  business,”  is  to  all  people  a source  of  wonder  and 
delight.  Here  every  style  of  press  is  seen  : from  the  small  Allen  Press, 
upon  which  are  printed  the  envelopes  used  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States  in  sending  messages  to  disappointed  office-seekers,  to 
the  huge  Bullock  Press,  the  triumph  of  mechanism  as  applied  to  print- 
ing presses,  capable  of  producing  240  impressions  every  minute. 

The  Bullock  Press.  {^Fig-  I- ) — This  press  is  the  principal  attraction 
to  visitors  in  the  Press  Room.  It  was  purchased  by  the  late  Cornelius 
Wendell,  in  1866,  when  Congressional  Printer,  at  a cost  of  ^25,000. 
It  was  invented  by  William  Bullock,  of  Philadelphia ; and  the  pro- 


PRINTING  DEPARTMENT— Mam  Press  Room. 


Government  Printing  Office. 


duction  of  one  of  these  presses  was  the  direct  cause  of  his  death,  as  it 
is  said  that  while  superintending  its  construction  he  met  with  an  acci- 
dent which  terminated  fatally.  It  is  of  course  a self-feeder,  and  its 
capacity  is  twelve  thousand  per  hour ; or,  counting  both  sides,  at  the 
rate  of  twenty-four  thousand  impressions.  From  the  report  of  Dr.  F. 
A.  P.  Barnard,  United  States  Commissioner  to  the  Paris  Exposition  of 
1867,  we  quote  the  following  concerning  this  press; 

“The  most  remarkable,  however,  of  all  printing  presses  hitherto  in- 
vented, is  one  which  was  not  present  in  the  Exposition,  and  which  was 
unknown  to  the  reporter  until  after  the  preparation  of  the  notices  had 
been  completed,  and  after  his  return  to  this  country.  This  is  the 
‘Bullock  Press,’  so  named  from  the  inventor,  the  late  William  Bul- 
lock, of  Philadelphia.  Like  the  Hoe  Press,  it  carries  the  forms  upon 
the  cylinder,  but  it  differs  from  that  press  in  requiring  no  attendants  to 
feed  it,  and  in  delivering  the  sheets  printed  on  both  sides.  It  is  a great 
improvement  also,  realized  in  this  press,  that  the  sheets  are  delivered 
silently,  the  noisy  racks  of  the  Hoe  Press  being  wholly  dispensed  with. 

“ The  substitution  of  an  automatic  system  of  feeding  for  hand-feed- 
ing, which  is  one  of  the  greatest  economical  advantages  of  this  press, 
has  been  effected  by  introducing  the  paper  into  the  machine,  after  it 
has  been  subjected  to  a moistening  operation  by  passing  through  a 
shower  of  fine  spray,  in  the  form  of  an  endless  roll.  A single  roll  will 
contain  several  thousand  sheets,  and  the  printing  operation,  including 
the  cutting  of  tbe  paper  into  proper  lengths,  will  proceed  uninterrupt- 
edly until  the  roll  is  exhausted.” 

In  the  following  extract  from  the  Scientific  Aniei'ican  of  December 
7,  1867,  the  advantages  of  this  press  are  more  fully  set  forth  ; 

“The  operation  is  very  simple.  The  roll  of  paper  having  been 
mounted  in  its  place,  the  machinery  is  started,  unwinds  the  paper,  cuts 
off  the  required  size,  prints  it  on  both  sides  at  one  operation,  counts 
the  number  of  sheets,  and  deposits  them  on  the  delivery  board,  at  the 
rate  of  eight  thousand  to  fourteen  thousand  per  hour,  or,  counting 
both  sides,  at  the  rate  of  sixteen  thousand  to  twenty-eight  thousand 
impressions.  The  labor  is  only  that  of  placing  the  rolls  on  the  press 
and  removing  the  printed  paper,  which  ordinary  hands  can  do. 

“We  have  seen  some  most  excellent  book-printing  done  on  the 
Bullock  machines  which  are  at  work  in  the  Government  Office  in 
Washington.  They  are  also  employed  in  some  of  the  prominent 
newspaper  offices  in  Philadelphia  and  New  York.  At  the  Su7i  office 
in  this  city  (New  York)  the  Bullock  Presses  have  been  in  use  for  a 
long  time  in  turning  out  the  immense  daily  edition  of  that  paper. 
Two  more  presses,  the  same  kind,  but  of  an  enlarged  and  superior 
pattern,  are  now  being  introduced  there.” 

6 


82 


Public  Printing  and  the 


Government  Printing  Office. 


0 


' When  the  Government  bought  the  office,  the  Press  Room  contained 
four  drum  cylinder  presses  and  twenty-four  Adams  Presses,  and  the 
work  was  not  sufficient  to  keep  these  presses  running  more  than  about 
eight  months  in  the  year.  The  job  or  Department  work  was  all  done 
on  six  slow  presses.  Now  the  Department  work,  which  consists  mainly 
of  blanks  for  the  post-offices,  the  revenue  offices,  the  custom-houses, 
etc.,  requires  on  an  average  the  constant  use  of  thirty  fast  presses, 
running  all  the  year  round.  The  presses  now  do  about  the  same 
amount  of  work  in  eight  hours  that  presses  of  the  same  speed  did  in 
ten ; the  difference  being  in  the  improved  manner  of  doing  the  work, 
and  the  system  in  which  it  is  done.  The  greatest  saving  of  time  is  in 
the  improvement  of  rollers,  the  old-style  roller  requiring  to  be  taken 
from  the  presses  from  three  to  four  times  each  day,  at  a loss  of  from 
twenty  to  thirty  minutes  each  time,  whereas  now  the  improved  rollers 
— costing  no  more — are  not  removed  from  the  press  more  than  once 
in  six  days. 

The  Bullock  Press  runs  about  nine  months  in  the  year,  and  com- 
pletes about  500,000  volumes.  All  publications  of  20,000  or  over  are 
printed  on  this  press. 

Often,  even  now,  with  the  improved  machinery  (some  doing  three 
times  the  work  of  the  old-st)  le  presses)  and  the  increase  in  the  num- 
ber of  presses,  the  Press  Room  is  compelled  to  run  two  sets  of  hands, 
requiring  the  machinery  to  be  in  motion  sixteen  out  of  the  twenty-four 
hours,  to  keep  up  with  the  demands  made  upon  the  room. 

Any  one  at  all  familiar  with  the  Government  printing  for  the  past 
twenty  or  twenty-five  years  will  not  only  notice  the  great  increase  in 
the  quantity,  but  will  be  struck  with  the  vast  improvement  in  the 
quality  of  the  work  in  every  branch.  Under  the  old  or  contract  sys- 
tem, the  work  in  the  Press  Room  was  all  done  by  men  and  boys;  but 
for  the  past  fifteen  or  twenty  years  women  have  taken  the  place  of 
boys  altogether,  and  they  are  found  to  be  much  more  attentive  to 
their  work,  and  give  greater  satisfaction,  and  endure  the  labor  with 
less  complaint. 

If  the  printing  continues  to  increase  in  the  same  ratio  for  the  next 
twenty  as  it  has  in  the  past  twenty  years,  it  will  require  a room  with 
double  the  capacity  of  the  present  one  to  do  the  press-work  for  Uncle 
Sara. 

The  Press  Room  occupies  260  feet  of  the  first  floor  of  the  main 
building  and  contains  sixty  power-presses,  as  follows : 

I Bullock  Perfecting  Press. 

I Allen  Patent  Envelope  Press. 

3 Hoe  Cap  Cylinder  Presses. 

6 Hoe  Super-Royal  Cylinder  Presses. 


!A  l'.( 'OrK’S  NI'W  'I'WO-I^  I'.VOl  .I'TION  I’klN’I'lNC,  I'RKSS. 


Govei'nment  Printing  Office. 


85 


19  Hoe  Double  Medium  Cylinder  Presses. 

12  Adams  Double  Medium  Bed  and  Platen  Presses. 

4 Adams  Medium  Bed  and  Platen  Presses. 

3 Cottrell  & Babcock  Two-Revolution  Cylinder  Presses. 

• 3 Cottrell  & Babcock  Cap  Cylinder  Presses. 

I Cottrell  & Babcock  Four-Roller  Cylinder  Press, 
y Cottrell  & Babcock  Double  Medium  Cylinder  Presses. 

I Low-pressure  150-horse-power  Engine. 

Outside  the  Press  Room,  in  the  court,  are  the  boilers  that  supply 


Fig.  3.— R.  hoe  & CO.’S  CYLINDER  PRINTING  PRE.SS. 

the  motive  power  to  run  the  presses  and  also  all  the  other  machinery, 
and  to  heat  the  building  in  winter.  There  are  two  boilers,  each  of 
6o-horse-power.  During  the  sessions  of  Congress,  these  boilers  are 
never  allowed  to  cool ; they  are  in  use  from  daylight  to  dark,  and  from 
night  until  morning.  The  engine  of  150-horse-power,  low  pressure,  is 
located  inside  the  Press  Room,  on  the  south  side. 

The  number  of  hands  employed  in  the  Press  Room  is  as  follows: 
I Foreman,  i Assistant,  i Register,  r Messenger,  37  pressmen,  5 ap- 
prentices, 54  laborers,  paper  wetters,  etc.,  and  106  lady  feeders. 

DRY- PRESS  ROOM. 

The  Dry-Press  Room,  which  is  on  the  same  floor  with  the  Pres; 
Room,  and  is  under  the  management  of  a person  designated  as  super- 
intendent, has  in  use  one  Gill  Calendering  Machine,  four  hydraulic 
and  two  standing  presses,  and  gives  employment,  in  the  busy  season, 
to  about  25  men  and  sheet  boys. 

In  the  Dry-Press  Room  is  located  the  clerk  charged  with  the  deliv- 
ery of  the  blanks,  envelopes,  court  records,  opinions,  and  briefs,  and 
the  accounting  for  the  same.  Job  work  received  from  the  Press  Room 
is  here  assorted.  That  portion  requiring  ruling  is  sent  to  the  Bindery, 
on  the  third  floor ; that  needing  folding,  or  gathering,  or  pasting,  or 


86 


Public  Prmting  and  the 


counting,  to  the  Folding  Room,  on  the  fourth  floor ; that  to  be  deliv- 
ered is  counted,  tied  in  packages,  and  forwarded  by  wagons  to  the 
various  Departments  of  the  Government,  their  bureaus  and  outlying 
offices.  Receipts  and  bills  are  here  made  out,  taken  and  rendered  for 
every  job,  and  filed  away  at  the  close  of  each  day’s  work.  There  was 


an  average  delivery  of  about  340,000  blanks,  envelopes,  Qtc.,per  day, 
during  the  past  year,  and  the  number  is  steadily  increasing.  Em- 
ployed upon  this  general  work  are  two  cutters  and  their  cutting 
machines,  four  laborers,  counting,  arranging,  and  tying  up,  and  the 
receipt  and  bill  clerk. 


Gover7i7ne7it  Prhithig  Office. 


MACHINERY. 

Fig.  I.  The  Bullock  Press. — This  press  is  fully  described  elsewhere 
in  this  chapter. 

Fig.  2.  Cottrell  Babcock' s New  Two- Revolution  Cylinde?  Press. — 
Three  of  these  presses  are  now  in  use  in  the  Government  Printing 
Office.  These  presses,  which  are  considered  superior  to  any  other 
press  in  the  office,  were  manufactured  expressly  for  its  use,  and  were 
designed  especially  for  printing  the  Congressional  Record.  They  will 
accommodate  32  pages  of  ordinary  octavo  matter,  or  16  pages  of  the 
Record,  and  are,  perhaps,  the  most  useful,  durable,  and  beautiful 
presses  ever  built.  The  great  advantage  of  these  machines  is  the  speed 
and  facility  with  which  they  can  be  handled  for  all  kinds  of  work.  The 
impression  among  printers,  heretofore,  has  been  that  a small  cylinder 
was  very  destructive  to  type,  or  at  least  more  so  than  large  drums;  but 
the  success  that  has  attended  the  introduction  of  Stop  Cylinders  has 
completely  removed  that  impression,  and  has  created  a demand  for 
Two-Revolution  presses  that  promises  in  time  to  drive  large  drums, 
above  certain  sizes,  entirely  out  of  the  market.  In  these  times  of  low 
prices,  and  consequently  small  profits,  speed  combined  with  good  work 
is  an  advantage,  tlie  value  of  which  cannot  be  overestimated. 

This  press,  as  its  name  indicates,  revolves  twice ; first,  in  a raised 
position  to  clear  thfe  form ; the  second  time,  in  contact  with  the  form 
while  giving  the  impression.  The  largest  illustrated  forms  are  printed 
at  a speed  of  from  1,800  to  2,000  per  hour,  with  perfect  safety. 
Indeed,  the  speed  is  limited  only  by  the  capacity  of  the  feeder.  This 
press  is  capable  of  doing  the  finest  quality  of  illustrated  and  color 
work,  in  the  highest  style  of  the  art,  and  has  proved  to  be  the  most 
economical  and  profitable  press  yet  introduced. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  there  are  in  use  in  the  Government 
Printing  Office  three  Cap  Cylinder,  one  Four-Roller,  and  seven  Double 
Medium  Cylinder  presses,  manufactured  by  Cottrell  & Babcock  (now 
C.  B.  Cottrell  & Co.). 

Fig.  3 is  a small  illustration  of  R.  Hoe  & Co.’s  Cylinder  Presses, 
and  represents  their  super-royal  and  double  medium  cylinders — twenty- 
five  of  which  are  in  use  in  the  Government  Printing  Office. 

Fig.  4. — Gill's  Hot  Rollmg  or  Calenderirig  Machine. — This  is  a new 
machine  for  the  printing  office,  which  will  instantaneously  dry  and 
press  sheets  wet  from  the  press,  imparting  at  the  same  time  a fine  gloss 
to  the  work,  thus  dispensing  with  the  old  system  of  dry-pressing.  It 
is  stated  that  the  claims  of  this  machine  have  been  fully  sustained  by 
experience;  and  that,  with  the  aid  of  a feeder  and  a taker-off,  from 
1,200  to  1,500  sheets,  direct  from  the  printing  machine,  can  be  dried 


88 


Public  Printing  and  the 

and  hot-rolled  in  an  hour — an  advantage  not  to  be  at  present  otherwise 
obtained.  The  main  features  of  this  machine  are  a pair  of  highly- 
finished  chilled  metal  rollers,  and  an  apparatus  for  cleaning  or  taking 
away  the  set-off.  The  rollers  are  fitted  parallel  to  each  other  in  a 
frame,  and  steam  is  introduced  through  the  axles. 

The  danger  of  set-off  is  obviated  by  a cleaning  apparatus,  consisting 
of  a trough  under  each  roller,  filled  with  a solution  of  alkali,  and  in 
which  are  placed  long  pads  made  of  strong  cloth,  containing  small 
pieces  of  sponge,  which  press  closely  to  the  surface  of  the  roller  as  it 
revolves.  By  these  means,  ink  and  other  substances  calculated  to  soil 
the  paper  are  effectually  removed.  Behind  the  pads  is  fitted  a rubber 
scraper,  which  cleans  off  any  moisture  left  on  the  rollers,  so  that  when 
these  are  in  a position  to  receive  the  sheet  which  follows,  they  are 
perfectly  clean  and  free  from  set-off. 

I'he  sheets  pass  between  two  highly-polished  steel  cylinders,  which 
are  heated  by  steam  introduced  through  the  axles ; and  when  they 
leave  the  cylinders,  are  carried  by  means  of  endless  tapes  underneath 
to  the  taking-off  board,  etc. 

I-OLDIXG  ROOM. 

Up  to  1871,  the  Folding  Room  occupied  60  by  200  feet  of  the  fourth 
floor.  In  the  fall  of  that  year,  after  the  completion  of  the  wing  front- 
ing on  North  Capitol  street,  additional  space  to  the  extent  of  60  by  113 
feet  was  added;  and  again,  in  1879,  more  was  allotted  to 

its  use ; but  notwithstanding  these  additions,  the  increase  of  work 
in  this  department  has  been  so  great  that  it  has  been  found  necessary, 
at  times,  to  use  all  the  available  space  in  the  halls  and  passages  of  the 
entire  building  for  the  storage  and  preservation  of  the  work. 

The  pay-rolls  for  July,  1871,  show  the  number  of  persons  then  em- 
ployed to  have  been  190;  while  for  the  month  of  June,  1880,  between 
300  and  350  were  employed,  although  the  introduction  of  new  machinery 
enabled  the  office  to  dispense  with  the  services  of  about  100  employes 
in  this  room  in  that  month. 

In  attempting  to  give  the  reader  a view  of  this  room,  I shall  not 
enter  into  any  elaborate  technical  description  of  the  different  processes 
of  treating  printed  matter  in  this  establishment,  as  understood  by  the 
term  “ folding,”  any  further  than  is  necessary  to  a proper  understanding 
of  its  workings ; but  will  endeavor  to  show,  as  briefly  as  possible,  more 
particularly  the  extent  of  this  part  of  the  business  of  the  Government 
Printing  Office. 

The  folding  of  sheets,  maps,  or  illustrations,  the  pasting,  gathering, 
collating,  etc.,  are  all  separate  and  distinct  operations,  requiring  special 
care  and  patience,  and,  in  some  cases,  a great  deal  of  severe  labor. 


PRINTING  DEPARTMENT— Folding  Room,  H street  wing. 


89 


Government  Printing  Office. 

The  work  is  transferred  by  elevators  from  the  Press  Room  on  the 
first  floor  to  the  Folding  Room  on  the  fourth  floor,  upon  trucks.  Two 
of  these  elevators  have  a capacity  of  1,500  pounds  each,  and  one  small 
box  elevator,  of  about  300  pounds.  They  are  each  in  charge  of  a 
man^  whose  duty  it  is  to  place  and  replace  the  trucks  upon  them,  and 
to  deliver  printed  matter  to  its  proper  destination  in  the  Folding 
Room. 

Upon  the  arrival  of  the  work  in  the  room,  it  is  taken  to  the  re- 
spective divisions,  to  be  folded,  etc.  All  large  volumes,  or  jobs,  are 
delivered  to  the  regular  folders,  or  to  the  folding  machines,  as  the 
nature  of  the  work  demands  ; all  bills,  reports,  documents,  the  journals 
of  both  houses  of  Congress,  and  the  printing  generally  pertaining  to 
the  current  business  of  Congress,  are  delivered  to  divisions  specially 
provided  for  them  ; and  all  other  matter,  to  another  division.  A brief 
description  of  each  division  will  be  found  further  on.  After  the  work 
is  folded,  it  is  examined  by  competent  employes  specially  designated 
for  that  purpose,  whose  duty  it  is  to  see  that  the  work  has  been  prop- 
erly performed.  It  is  then  taken  to  the  pressing  machines,  and  after 
being  pressed,  is  tied  up  in  bundles  of  500  sheets  each,  and  thence  re- 
moved to  the  store-room  to  remain  until  the  volume  is  completed,  when 
it  is  again  placed  upon  the  trucks  and  transferred  to  the  gathering 
tables,  where  it  is  gathered  and  collated,  and  thence  forwarded  to  the 
Bindery  to  be  bound.  Before  the  introduction  of  the  Jones  Pressing 
Machines,  the  work  was  dry-pressed  before  being  delivered  to  the 
Folding  Room.  Some  classes  of  work,  however,  are  still  subjected  to 
pressing  in  the  old  style  hydraulic  presses. 

In  all  printing  establishments  except  the  Government  Printing 
Office,  the  folding  constitutes  a part  of  the  binding  and  not  the  print- 
ing division  of  the  business  ; but  an  old  law  (under  which  the  binding 
was  given  out  by  contract)  provided  that  the  sheets  should  be  fur- 
nished the  binder  in  a certain  condition,  which  involved  the  folding  ; 
and  this  law,  although  it  invaded  a long-standing  custom  of  the  trade, 
was  duly  respected,  and  this  is  still  the  custom  under  which  this  work 
is  divided  in  this  establishment. 

Pasting  Illustrations,  Diagrams,  etc. — During  the  year  1871,  the  il- 
lustrations pasted  in  the  various  documents,  reports  of  committees, 
etc.,  amounted  in  round  numbers  to  12,000,000,  and  in  the  year  1879 
to  about  26,000,000,  showing  an  increase  of  over  100  per  cent. 

Job  Work. — The  job  work,  under  which  head  may  be  classed  card 
work,  printing  for  the  Supreme  Court,  Court  of  Claims,  small  pamphlets, 
etc.,  for  the  Departments,  and  the  blanks  sent  to  the  Folding  Room,  is 
also  on  the  increase.  In  .871,  it  was  performed  by  one  man  and  ten 
girls,  with  one  small  hand-power  card  machine.  It  now  requires  twenty- 


90 


Pid)lic  Printing  and  the 

five  to  thirty  female  and  two  male  employes,  with  two  of  the  most 
improved  card-cutting  machines,  and  also  one  stripper,  run  by  steam. 

Sheet  Folding. — This  constitutes  the  principal  work  in  this  room, 
and  is  performed  exclusively  by  girls.  It  is  probably  the  most  labori- 
ous of  all  work  found  in  a printing  office. 

An  average  hand-folder  will  complete  in  one  day  about  3,000  sheets. 
As  an  Agricultural  Report  has  in  it  about  11,400,000  sheets,  it  would 
require  about  3,800  days’  work  of  a single  folder  to  put  it  in  shape  for 
gathering.  Formerly  there  were  from  200  to  250  girls  employed  on 
this  work  alone,  but  since  the  folding  machines  have  been  put  in  opera- 
tion the  number  has  been  steadily  decreasing,  and  now  but  little  work 
of  this  character  is  done  by  hand.  This  work  is  all  paid  for  by  the 
piece. 

Map  Folding. — This  requires  experienced  hands,  and  is  performed 
by  girls.  Although  not  so  laborious  as  ordinary  folding,  the  nature 
of  the  work,  and  the  various  styles  in  which  it  must  be  done,  require 
the  constant  attention  of  the  operator.  This  class  of  work  is  also 
largely  on  the  increase ; the  number  of  girls  employed  has  in  the  last 
few  years  increased  from  12  to  40. 

Pasting. — This  work,  though  somewhat  tedious,  is  perhaps  less 
laborious  than  folding.  To  be  properly  done,  the  operators  should 
not  only  be  experienced  in  sheet  but  also  in  map  folding,  as  it  re- 
quires judgment  to  so  arrange  the  illustrations  that  after  they  are 
pasted  in  the  proper  places  they  will  not  be  cut  in  trimming  the  edges 
of  the  book.  This  class  of  work  is  steadily  on  the  increase. 

Gathering. — This  branch  of  the  business  has  kept  pace  with  the 
increase  in  the  other  departments  of  the  Folding  Room.  A few  )'ears 
ago  twelve  girls  performed  all  of  this  work,  but  now  about  thirty  are 
engaged  in  it. 

Congressio7ial  Work  : Documetits,  Bills,  Laws,  etc. — In  this  division 
are  gathered,  stitched,  and  trimmed  all  executive  and  miscellaneous 
documents,  reports  of  committees,  the  journals  of  both  houses  of  Con- 
gress, etc.  In  1870,  nine  girls  and  two  men  were  employed  at  this 
work,  but  now  it  requires  thirty-three  of  the  former  and  five  of  the 
latter,  and  then  often  a call  is  made  upon  the  other  divisions  for 
assistance. 

To  properly  perform  this  work  none  but  first-class  hands,  who  are 
well  versed  jn  all  the  various  kind  of  labor  of  the  Folding  Room,  are 
employed.  All  documents,  reports,  bills,  resolutions,  laws,  and  work 
required  for  the  immediate  use  of  both  houses  of  Congress  while  in 
session  (except  the  Congressional  Record),  are  here  folded,  pasted, 
gathered,  stitched,  trimmed,  counted,  and  delivered  according  to 
law. 


Government  Printing  Ojfice.  91 

The  following  comparative  statements  for  1870  and  1880  will  show 
the  increase  in  this  branch  in  ten  years : 


1870. — 41ST  Congress,  2D  Session. 

No.  of  Copies. 

1,135  Documents,  Reports,  etc.,  i,6oo  copies  each 1,816,000 

2,648  Bills,  Resolutions,  etc.,  750  copies  each 1,986,000 

459  Laws,  1,750  copies  each 803,250 


4,242  4,605,250 

1S80. — 46TH  Congress,  2d  Session. 

No.  of  Copies. 

2,967  Documents,  Reports,  etc.,  1,900  copies  each 5,637,300 

5,983  Bills,  Resolutions,  etc.,  925  copies  each 5,534,275 

329  Laws,  1,620  copies  each 532,980 

9,279  11,704,555 


Of  the  above  documents,  etc.,  printed  for  the  Second  Session  of  the 
Forty-first  Congress  (1870),  all  were  delivered  before  the  adjournment 
except  1,135,000  copies,  which  after  the  close  of  the  session  were 
gathered  in  volumes  of  about  1,000  pages  each,  and,  after  indexes  were 
supplied,  were  bound,  and  are  known  as  the  “reserve  documents.” 
The  volumes  for  that  session  numbered  32,  making  34,661  books, 
aggregating  about  34,661,000  pages. 

Of  those  printed  for  the  Second  Session  of  the  Forty-sixth  Congress, 
there  were  delivered  in  pamphlet  form  to  both  houses  of  Congress, 
during  the  session,  2,551,620  copies  of  documents  and  reports, 
5,534,275  copies  of  bills  and  resolutions,  and  532,980  copies  of  laws, 
making  a total  of  8,618,875  copies,  leaving  on  hand  3,085,680  copies  to 
be  gathered  and  bound  as  the  “reserve  documents.”  During  the  year 
1880  the  number  of  volumes  was  60,  making  67,626  books,  con- 
taining not  less  than  67,626,000  pages.  After  these  volumes  are 
gathered  and  collated,  they  are  turned  over  to  the  Bindery  to  be 
bound.  The  work  gotten  out  during  the  session,  as  above  described, 
is  passed  over  to  what  might  properly  be  called  the  accounting  branch 
of  this  division,  and  is  there  counted  off  into  ten  different  lots, 
properly  labeled,  etc.  File  copies  of  all  these  documents,  bills,  etc., 
are  kept,  properly  numbered,  and  stored  away. 

The  employes  in  this  division  are  frequently  required  to  report  for 
duty  at  7 a.  m.  during  the  sessions  of  Congress,  and  continue  at  work, 
with  scarcely  any  intermission,  until  late  at  night,  and,  if  the  work 
should  demand  it,  all  night,  and  on  Sundays  also,  as  the  bills,  etc., 
needed  by  both  houses  of  Congress  must  be  delivered  by  twelve 
o’clock  each  day.  The  following  will  show  the  amount  of  matter 
delivered  in  a single  day  in  this  department  of  the  Folding  Room : 


92 


Picblic  Pr'inti?ig  and  the 


No.  of  Copies. 


150  Bills,  925  copies  each 138,750 

75  Documents,  Reports,  etc.,  860  copies  each 64,500 

Total 203,250 


When  it  is  remembered  that  these  bills,  documents,  etc.,  run  all  the 
way  from  two  to  fifteen  hundred  pages  each,  it  can  easily  be  seen  what 
expedition  and  system  must  be  observed  in  the  performance  of  this 
work. 

The  Congressional  Record. — The  printing  of  the  debates  or  proceed- 
ings of  Congress  was  transferred  to  this  office,  as  elsewhere  mentioned, 
March  4,  1873.  The  Record  is  published  in  two  styles,  the  Daily 
and  the  Bound  or  Book  Edition.  The  Public  Printer,  under  the  law, 
is  required  to  furnish  each  Senator,  Member,  and  Delegate  in  Con- 
gress a certain  number  of  copies,  either  of  the  daily  or  bound  edition, 
and  may  sell  copies  to  any  one,  at  a certain  price ; also  to  cause  the 
same  to  be  sent  through  the  mails ; and  not  only  the  members  of  both 
houses  of  Congress,  but  many  people  throughout  the  United  States 
and  the  Canadas,  avail  themselves  of  this  privilege. 

The  persons  employed  in  the  folding,  gathering,  collating,  and 
wrapping  the  daily  Record  report  for  duty  at  three  o’clock  in  the 
morning,  as  the  Record  must  be  in  the  early  mails,  and  on  the  desks 
of  Senators  and  Members  by  twelve  o’clock  each  day,  that  the  law- 
makers may  see  in  print  the  laws  that  have  been  enacted  and  the 
speeches  made  the  previous  day.  To  accomplish  this,  the  work  must 
be  done  with  the  utmost  system  and  dispatch.  The  employes  here 
number  fourteen  girls  and  three  men,  and  have  in  use  two  stitching 
and  four  quarto  folding  machines.  During  the  Second  Session  of  the 
Forty-sixth  Congress,  these  employes  folded,  gathered,  collated, 
stitched,  and  put  up  in  the  550,000  different  wrappers,  874,650  copies 
of  the  Record,  containing  in  all  not  less  than  31,677,800  pages  of 
printed  matter.. 

The  bound  Record  is  a stereotyped  edition  made  up  from  the  daily, 
with  the  addition  of  an  elaborate  index.  The  number  of  sheets  of 
sixteen  pages  each  in  the  bound  edition  for  the  Second  Session  of  the 
Forty-sixth  Congress,  which  were  required  to  be  folded,  pressed,  gath- 
ered, and  collated,  is  estimated  at  2,532,600. 

Accounts. — Most  of  the  females  employed  in  the  Folding  Room  are 
paid  for  their  labor  by  the  piece.  To  secure  accuracy  in  the  accounts, 
a system  of  verification  is  necessary.  At  3 p.  m.  each  day  a memo- 
randum of  the  work  performed  is  entered  upon  day  books,  and  the 
amount  earned  by  each  person  is  set  opposite  her  name.  This 
memorandum,  by  eight  o’clock  the  next  morning,  is  posted  in  con- 


Government  Printing  Ofp.ce. 


93 


spicuous  places,  so  that  each  can  see  that  her  account  is  properly  made 
out.  If  any  errors  occur  they  are  readily  detected,  and  their  nature 
easily  ascertained  by  a reference  to  the  work  performed.  After  being 
allowed  to  remain  in  these  places  a sufficient  time,  the  accounts  are 
transferred  to  a regular  time-book.  At  the  end  of  each  month  these 
accounts  are  added  up,  and,  after  examination  by  the  superintendent  in 
charge  of  the  room,  are  turned  over  to  the  paymaster  and  by  him  paid. 

MACHINERY. 

Figs.  5 and  6. — ^Until  quite  recently  all  the  folding  in  the  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office  was  done  by  hand  ; but  the  office  has  been  sup- 
plied, during  the  past  eighteen  months,  with  Chambers  brothers’  Book 


Fig.  5.— CHAMBERS’  BOOK  FOLDING  MACHINE. 

Folding  Machines.  Figs.  5 and  6 give  a correct  view  of  these 
machines.  To  understand  their  operation,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind 
that  each  sheet  of  the  kind  upon  which  this  book  is  printed  is  doubled 
at  the  middle,  that  this  doubled  sheet  is  next  folded  through  its  center, 
and  that  this  doubly-folded  sheet  is  again  doubled  together.  There 
are  thus  three  folds  to  each  sheet,  and  each  of  these  must  be  exactly  in 
its  right  place,  or  the  whole  book  will  be  irregular  in  shape.  Exter- 
nally the  Folding  Machine  presents  the  appearance  of  a table,  the  lid 


94  Public  Printing  and  the 

divided  at  the  center  into  two  parts.  The  operator  lays  the  sheet  upon 
the  table  in  such  a way  that  two  small  pointers  pass  through  two  holes 
in  the  sheet.  These  holes  were  made  by  two  steel  pointers  in  the  press 
when  the  sheet  was  printed.  These  point  holes  serve  as  guides  in 
several  cases,  which  we  have  not  thought  necessary  to  enumerate.  The 
elevated  knife,  which  appears  in  the  illustration,  now  comes  down  on 


the  sheet  over  the  line  of  the  first  fold,  and  forces  it  between  two 
rollers,  which  compress  the  doubling.  This  completes  the  first  fold. 
A second  and  third  knife  and  pair  of  rollers,  hidden  under  the  cover 
of  the  machine,  make  the  second  and  third  folds  in  the  same  manner ; 


95 


Government  Pjnnting  Office. 


and  the  triply-folded  sheet  is  dropped  into  a receptacle  at  the  bottom 
of  the  machine.  This  is  the  work  of  the  machine  for  folding  an 
octavo  sheet.  The  folding  and  pasting  machines  used  in  the  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office  on  speeches,  etc.,  in  addition  to  folding  the 
sheets  as  described  above,  also  paste  the  leaves  together  at  the  back, 
thus  saving  the  expense  of  stitching,  and  producing,  at  one  operation 
and  handling  of  the  sheet,  a neatly-bound  pamphlet  ready  for  trim- 
ming and  distribution.  There  are  twenty-one  octavo  and  nine  quarto 
machines  now  in  use  in  the  Government  Printing  Office.  When  good 
feeders  are  engaged  at  the  machines,  the  capacity  of  the  former  is,  in 
eight  hours,  10,000  to  11,000  sheets,  and  of  the  latter,  from  8,000  to 
9,000. 

Fig.  7.  Jones'  Hydraulic  Sheet  Pressing  Machine  is  considered  one 
of  the  most  valuable  of  its  kind  in  the  establishment.  The  machine 
presses  the  sheets  after  they  are  folded  \ and  instead  of  the  former  un- 


Fig.  7.— JONES’  HYDRAULIC  SHEET  PRESSING  MACHINE. 

sightly  heaps  of  loose  signatures  scattered  around  the  Folding  Room, 
they  appear  now  in  neatly  tied,  compact  bundles,  of  convenient  size 
and  shape  for  handling  and  storage. 

These  machines  were  first  introduced  in  this  office  during  the  year 
1879.  One  of  the  octavo  size  will  press,  in  eight  hours,  50,000  sheets, 
and  one  of  the  quarto  machines  40,000.  They  are  also  used  in  press- 
ing books,  which,  before  their  introduction  in  the  Government  Print- 


Public  Printing  and  the 

ing  Office,  was  done  on  ‘‘smashing”  machines  in  the  Bindery.  Un- 
der the  old  mode  of  pressing,  about  half  a dozen  sheets  were  placed 
between  fuller  boards,  and  after  the  press  was  filled,  hydraulic  pressure 
was  applied,  and  allowed  to  remain  for  hours.  These  machines  do 
away  with  the  handling  of  many  millions  of  sheets  alone,  and  the  im- 
mense saving  of  the  present  mode  over  the  old  system  is  apparent. 


There  are  in  use  in  the  Folding  Room  si.v  octavo  machines,  and  one 
quarto  machine. 

Fig.  8 is  a Sheridan  Cutting  Machine.  It  is  a standard  machine, 
and  its  good  qualities  are  well  known  to  the  trade. 

Fig.  9.  H.  G.  Thojnpscn  Sr  San's  Pamphlet  Stitching  Machine. — This 


97 


Fig.  9.— THOMPSON’S  WIRE  BOOK  STITCHING  MACHINE. 

duction  being  1,000  books  per  hour.  The  machine  is  manufactured  at 
Milford,  Conn. 

Fig.  10.  This  is  the  Novelty  Pamphlet  Stitching  Machine,  manufac- 
tured by  the  same  parties  as  Fig.  9.  It  is  especially  constructed  and 
adapted  for  stitching  with  wire  all  kinds  of  thin  pamphlets,  catalogues, 
etc.  The  machine  feeds  the  wire  in  the  required  length,  cuts  the  same, 
forms  the  staple,  is  driven  through  the  pamphlet  by  its  own  velocity, 
7 


Govei'iimeJit  Printing  Ojfice. 


machine  stitches  with  wire  pamphlets,  catalogues,  calendars,  flat-back 
books,  etc.  The  movements  of  the  machine  are  automatic  ; it  punc- 
tures, with  needles,  the  work  to  be  .stitched,  feeds  the  wire  in  the  re- 
quired length,  cuts  off  the  same  from  the  staple,  drives  it  into  the 
holes  of  the  book  punctured  for  its  reception,  and  then  clinches  the 
same.  Its  speed  is  60  staples  per  minute,  its  range  of  work  being 
from  Jg-  of  an  inch  to  of  an  inch  in  thickness,  and  the  average  pro- 


98 


Public  Printing  and  the 

clinches  the  staples,  the  work  then  being  carried  by  means  of  rollers. 
The  capacity  of  the  machine  is  120  staples  per  minute,  average  pro- 
duction 2,000  books  per  hour;  the  range  of  work  is  from  one  sheet  of 
paper  to  jg  of  an  inch  in 'thickness. 

Fig.  II  represents  S.  Brown’s  latest  improved  Rotary  Cutter. 
Those  in  the  Government  Printing  Office  have  an  automatic  feeder, 
which  carries  the  card-strip  to  the  knives,  and  actuates  a counting 
device  which,  when  a definite  number  of  cards  have  passed  through  the 


Fig.  10.— novelty  WIRE  BOOK  STITCHING  MACHINE. 

machine,  gives  notice  by  sounding  an  alarm-bell.  The  cut  cards  are 
delivered  from  the  machine  either  upon  a platform,  adjustable  boxes, 
or  automatic  delivery.  The  knives  are  closely  fitted  on  two  revolving 
steel  shafts.  They  come  in  near  contact  with  each  other,  and  are  held 
firmly  in  place  by  a small  set-screw. 

The  feeding  of  the  card-strips  to  the  knives  with  accuracy  is  de- 
pendent solely  upon  the  automatic  feeder,  and  not  upon  the  skill  of 
the  operator.  The  card-board  is  first  cut  into  strips  by  another  machine, 
which  has  a wider  table,  and  is  otherwise  specially  adapted  to  this  pur- 
pose. This  machine  is  called  a slitter.  The  one  shown  in  the  illus- 
tration is  known  as  a cross-cutter. 


Government  Printing  Office. 


99 


The  peculiar  feature  about  the  work  cut  on  these  machines  is,  that 
the  cut  is  made  on  each  side  of  the  material  towards  the  center,  thus 
making  a clean  cut,  without  leaving  a turned  or  feather  edge  on  the 
cards. 

They  run  light  and  noiseless,  and  will  turn  out  more  work  with 
less  power  consumed  than  any  other  form  of  cutting  machine,  averaging 
about  100,000  cards  in  8 hours  to  each  machine. 

Fig.  12.  Acme  Cutting  Machine.- — The  Acme  Paper  Cutter  shows 
the  great  improvement  made  in  that  class  of  machinery  during  the  last 
decade,  and  is  as  much  of  an  improvement  over  the  ordinary  cutter  as 
the  cylinder  press  is  over  the  old  hand  press.  It  saves  both  time  and 


Fig.  II.— BROWN’S  ROTARY  CARD  CUTTER. 

labor,  and  does  the  work  of  two  ordinary  cutters  with  one  operator. 
The  automatic  self-clamping  is  the  most  distinctive  feature,  and  saves 
nearly  one-half  the  time  and  all  the  hard  work  required  in  cutting 
paper  on  the  old  cutters.  The  new  method  of  moving  the  gauge  by  a 
metallic  band  is  a great  improvement — it  moves  the  gauge  faster  and 
more  accurately,  and  admits  of  a correct  adjustment  of  gauge,  which 
is  impossible  to  get  on  the  old  crank-and-screw  method.  The  indi- 
cator, in  connection  with  metallic  band  (which  is  spaced  off  in  inches 


lOO 


Public  Printing  and  the 


and  fractions),  gives  the  exact  distance  from  knife  edge  to  back  gauge, 
saving  the  folding  and  marking  of  the  sheet,  and  bringing  clamp  to 
mark — which  also  saves  much  time.  The  7-ound  cutting  stick,  for 
knife  to  cut  on — in  place  of  the  ordinary  square  ones — gives  fifty  cut- 
ting surfaces  instead  of  eight  on  square  wood.  The  clamp  is  made 
wide,  and  narrow  for  small  cutting.  The  machine  is  finely  built  and 


Fig.  12.— REGUL.A.R  .\CME  CUTTER. 

finished,  and  gives  evidence  of  being  a strong  and  powerful  cutter — an 
ornament  to  any  bindery  or  printing  office — and  is  without  doubt  the 
most  improved  machine  of  its  class  in  the  world. 


lOI 


C overnment  Printing  Office. 

'IHE  CONGRESSJOEAL  RECORD— THE  DEBATES  OF  CONGRESS. 

The  legislative  as  well  as  the  executive  sessions  of  the  Senate  were 
held  with  closed  doors  until  the  Second  Session  of  the  Third  Congress, 
with  the  single  exception  of  the  discussion  of  a contested  election  case 
of  a Senator  from  Pennsylvania,  during  which  the  galleries  were 
opened  to  the  public  by  a special  order  of  the  Senate.  On  the  20th 
of  February,  1794,  the  Senate  adopted  a resolution  to  the  effect  that 
after  the  end  of  that  session  of  Congress  the  galleries  of  the  Senate 
should  be  permitted  to  be  opened  while  the  Senate  should  be  engaged 
in  its  legislative  capacity,  unless  specially  ordered  otherwise.  Of 
course,  during  these  years — 1789  to  1794 — the  proceedings  of  this 
body,  preserved  and  now  accessible,  are  of  a very  meager  character. 

The  First  Session  of  the  First  Congress  convened  on  March  4,  1789, 
but  not  until  April  6 did  a quorum  appear  in  the  Senate,  and  in  the» 
House  not  until  April  i,  1789. 

The  debates,  or  proceedings  rather,  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
during  this  period — from  1789  to  1794 — were  very  fully  reported  by 
enterprising  newspaper  men,  and  appeared  in  at  least  two  newspapers 
while  the  sessions  of  Congress  were  held  in  New  York,  and  one  or 
more  while  the  sessions  were  held  in  Philadelphia. 

The  debates,  it  seems,  however,  were  very  inaccurately  reported,  or 
printed,  and  their  appearance  in  this  imperfect  form  soon  gave  rise  to 
many  complaints  and  much  discussion  in  the  House.  In  September, 
j 789,  Mr.  Burke  introduced  a resolution  on  the  subject,  stating  “that 
the  several  persons  who  have  published  the  debates  of  the  House,  in 
the  newspapers  of  the  city  of  New  York,  have  misrepresented  the  de- 
bates in  the  most  glaring  manner;  often  distorting  the  arguments  of 
the  members  from  the  true  meaning;  imputing  to  some  gentlemen 
arguments  contradictory  and  foreign  to  the  subject,  and  which  were 
never  advanced;  to  others,  remarks  and  observations  never  made  ; and 
in  a great  many  instances  mutilating,  and  not  unfrequently  sup- 
pressing, whole  arguments  upon  subjects  of  the  greatest  moment,  which 
being  done  within  the  House,  at  the  very  foot  of  the  Speaker’s  chair, 
gave  a sanction  and  authenticity  to  the  publication,  that  reflects  upon 
the  House  a ridicule  and  absurdity  highly  injurious  to  its  privileges  and 
dignity,”  and  “that  to  misrepresent  the  debates  of  the  House,  whether 
it  arises  from  incapacity,  inattention,  or  partiality,  has  a mischievous 
tendency  to  infringe  the  freedom  of  debate,  and  that  the  House  should 
no  longer  give  sanction  to  it.” 

After  a lengthy  discussion  of  the  resolution,  which  showed  an  over- 
whelming sentiment  in  favor  of  permitting  a continuation  of  the  pub- 
lication of  the  stenographic  report  of  the  debates,  the  resolution  was 
withdrawn.  The  reporters,  however,  took  offense  at  the  resolution  of 


102  Public  Printhig  and  the 

Mr.  Burke,  and  withdrew  from  their  seats  at  the  foot  of  the  Speaker’s 
chair,  and  located  themselves  in  the  gallery  of  the  House,  with  seem- 
ingly no  intention  of  again  intruding  upon  the  dignity  of  that  body. 
The  proceedings  continued  to  appear  as  usual,  but  with  many  omissions, 
so  much  so  as  to  again  attract  the  attention  of  the  House,  and  at  the 
next  session,  in  January,  1790,  the  reporters  were  invited  back  to  their 
old  seats  at  the  Speaker’s  desk. 

In  April,  1792,  a proposition  was  submitted  to  authorize  a certain 
person  to  take  down  the  debates.  A committee  was  appointed  to  con- 
sider the  matter,  but  the  opposition  was  so  strong  as  to  prevent  any 
further  action.  The  House  did  not  want  to  become  responsible  for  or 
recognize  in  any  official  way  the  publication  of  the  debates.  Several 
attempts  in  the  same  direction  were  made,  up  to  1795,  but  none  of  them 
prevailed. 

In  January,  1796,  a committee  which  had  been  appointed  on  the 
subject  reported  in  favor  of  having  the  debates  printed  by  authority 
of  the  House,  and  a proposition  involving  $4,000  for  stenographers — of 
which  amount  the  proprietors  of  the  Philadelphia  Gazette  offered  to 
pay  $1,500 — was  submitted,  but,  without  further  action  on  the  report,  the 
committee  early  in  February  following  was  discharged  from  the  further 
consideration  of  the  subject. 

Various  propositions  of  a similar  character  were  made  to  the  House 
during  the  year  1796,  but  Congress  resolutely  refused  to  have  anything 
to  do  with  printing  the  debates,  or  involving  the  Government  in  any 
expense  in  the  matter. 

In  December,  1797,  Mr.  Thomas  Carpenter  petitioned  Congress, 
setting  forth  that  he  was  the  editor  of  the  American  Senator,  published 
during  the  late  session  of  Congress ; that  at  the  commencement  of  the 
session  he  had  presented  a memorial,  praying  its  support  of  his  work, 
i.  e.,  publishing  the  debates;  that  he  had  received  assurances  from 
numerous  individual  members  of  their  patronage,  etc.,  but  that  the 
enterprise  had  proved  unfavorable  to  him  ; and  asked  for  relief  in  the 
sum  of  $2,250. 

A committee  was  appointed  to  consider  the  matter,  but  only  two 
days  later  reported  that  they  could  not  recommend  relief;  and  the  re- 
port was  concurred  in. 

For  the  next  two  or  three  years  no  reference  to  the  publication  of 
the  debates  is  found  in  the  Annals  of  Congress;  but  they  continued  to 
appear  regularly  in  a printed  form,  and  the  country  is  indebted  for  the 
very  full  reports  now  accessible  solely  to  the  spirit  of  individual  or 
private  enterprise  which  animated  the  printers  of  that  time. 

In  1800,  November  17,  Congress  convened  in  Washington  for  the 
first  time,  and  the  proceedings  of  Congress  were  published  in  the 


PRINTING  DEPARTMENT — Congressional  Record  Room. 


Government  Printing  Office. 


103 

National  Intelligencer,  which  was  established  October  31,  1800.  The 
debates  were  very  fully  reported  and  printed  in  this  newspaper,  from 
the  first  day  of  the  session  until  its  close. 

But  we  find,  early  in  the  session,  a memorial  from  Samuel  Harrison 
Smith  and  Thomas  Carpenter,  representing  that  they  had  undertaken 
to  report  the  debates  of  the  House,  and  that,  contrary  to  their  expecta- 
tion, on  the  suggestion  of  inconvenience  to  the  members,  they  had 
not  received  permission  to  occupy  a situation  within  the  bar,  without 
which  they  were  unable  to  state  with  fidelity  the  proceedings  and 
debates,  and  praying  the  permission  of  the  House  to  be  admitted  to 
the  bar.  The  Speaker,  to  whom  it  appears  applications  had  previously 
been  made  for  seats  in  the  bar  of  the  House  for  stenographers,  stated 
that  he  had  been  compelled  to  refuse  the  applicants  the  permission 
asked,  as  it  would  place  the  stenographers  between  the  members  and 
the  Speaker,  and  therefore  render  the  preservation  of  order  impossible  ; 
that  he  had  informed  the  applicants,  if  agreeable  to  them,  he  would 
assign  a place  in  the  gallery,  which  should  be  set  apart  for  their  exclu- 
sive use,  etc. 

After  discussion  by  various  members,  the  matter  was  referred  to  a 
select  committee. 

On  December  9,  the  committee  reported,  in  substance,  “that  it  is 
not  expedient  that  the  House  should  take  any  order  on  the  memorial 
presented.”  The  discussion  of  the  subject  on  this  day  (December  9, 
1800)  occupies  nine  columns  of  the  National  Intelligencer.  The  vote 
on  adoption  of  the  report  of  the  committee  resulted:  yeas  45,  nays 
45,  and  was  carried  by  the  casting  vote  of  the  Speaker. 

On  Monday,  January  12,  1801,  the  stenographer  took  his  place  out- 
side the  bar  of  the  House — which  he  had  occupied  continuously  since 
the  prohibition  of  the  Speaker — when  he  was  waited  upon  by  the  Ser- 
geant-at-Arms  with  a verbal  message  from  the  Speaker  to  the  effect 
that  the  Speaker  desired  him  to  withdraw  from  the  area ; and  the 
stenographer  immediately  withdrew,  and  took  a position  in  the  gal- 
lery. 

On  the  15th,  the  Sergeant-at-Arms  again  called  upon  the  stenogra- 
pher, by  direction  of  the  Speaker,  and  desired  him  to  withdraw  from 
the  gallery. 

The  Speaker,  Theodore  Sedgwick,  of  Massachusetts,  entertained  the 
view  that  the  matters  before  the  House  should  not  be  published  until 
after  the  House  had  acted  upon  them ; that  it  was  not  the  business  of 
the  public  what  was  before  Congress ; and  that  it  would  best  conserve 
the  interests  of  the  public  and  the  members  to  keep  them  secret  until 
final  action  had  been  taken. 

Although  the  stenographer  was  virtually  expelled  from  the  gallery 


104  Public  Printing  and  the 

of  the  House  by  the  decision  of  the  Speaker,  the  full  proceedings  of 
the  House  appeared  in  the  Natiofial  Intelligencer,  as  usual. 

On  the  1 8th  of  February,  i8oi,  Mr.  Davis,  a member  of  the  House, 
brought  the  matter  of  the  expulsion  of  a citizen  from  the  galleries  by 
the  Speaker  before  the  House  by  a resolution,  which  recited  that  the 
Speaker  had  usurped  a power  not  given  him  by  the  rules  of  the  House, 
and  had  deprived  a citizen  of  rights  which  were  guaranteed  him  by  the 
Constitution. 

On  February  20,  the  resolution  was  called  up  for  action.  The 
House,  however,  refused  to  adopt  the  resolution. 

The  debates  and  proceedings  continued  to  appear  as  each  session 
was  held  in  Washington,  through  the  enterprise  of  the  publishers  of 
the  newspapers  of  the  capital  city,  and  especially  of  the  National  In- 
telligencer, up  to  1822,  before  any  other  attempt  was  made  to  have  the 
Government  take  charge  of  the  matter. 

In  that  year,  however,  a committee  was  appointed  and  directed  to 
report  upon  the  best  mode  of  giving  to  the  public  a “full  and  correct 
statement  of  the  debates  of  the  House,”  and  on  the  2d  of  May  the 
committee  reported  that  they  had  considered  the  matter,  and  were  of 
the  opinion  “that  the  Government  of  the  United  States  being  a Gov- 
ernment which  essentially  depends  upon  public  opinion,  it  is  a consid- 
eration of  the  first  importance  that  the  course  pursued  by  the  immedi- 
ate representatives  of  the  people  in  Congress  should  be  impartially 
presented  to  the  public  view,”  and  submitted  a resolution  directing  the 
Speaker  to  secure,  during  the  approaching  recess  of  Congress,  proposals 
for  reporting  and  publishing,  from  day  to  day,  a correct  account  of  the 
debates  and  other  proceedings  of  the  House,  and  submit  the  same  to 
the  House  at  the  commencement  of  the  next  session.  This  proposition 
found  many  advocates,  but  the  opposition — which  was  principally 
founded  upon  the  great  expense  which  would  attend  the  enterprise — 
was  too  strong  for  the  friends  of  the  measure,  and  all  further  action  was 
ended  by  a motion  which  prevailed — but  which  had  previously  been 
negatived — to  lay  the  report  and  resolution  upon  the  table. 

In  1824,  the  publication  of  the  Annals  of  Congress  was  commenced 
under  the  authority  of  Congress,  and  embraced  the  proceedings  and 
debates  of  both  houses  from  1789  to  1824,  and  comprise  some  42  octavo 
volumes.  Under  the  title  of  “Register  of  the  Debates  of  Congress,” 
Gales  & Seaton  printed  27  additional  volumes,  bringing  the  debates 
down,  in  book  form,  to  1837.  Subsequently  the  debates  were  pub- 
lished in  the  well-known  form  of  the  Congressional  Globe — large 
quarto — and  comprise  loS  volumes,  embracing  the  debates  from  1837 
to  1873. 

Near  the  close  of  the  last  session  of  the  Forty-second  Congress 


Government  Printing  Office. 


105 


(March  3,  1873),  a resolution  was  passed  which  provided  that  “until 
a contract  for  publishing  the  debates  of  Congress  is  made,  such  debates 
shall  be  printed  by  the  Congressional  Printer,  under  the  direction  of 
the  Joint  Committee  on  Printing.’’  Under  that  authority  the  publica- 
tion now  known  as  the  Congressional  Record  was  first  issued. 

The  Senate  was  called  in  Extra  Session  by  the  President,  and 
convened  on  the  3d  of  March,  1873,  during  that  session,  and  on 
the  fifth  day  of  that  month,  the  first  number  of  the  Record  was  printed. 

Subsequently  the  Congressional  Printer  fitted  up  a complete  office 
for  the  exclusive  use  of  the  Record,  and  the  form  and  style  of  the  pub- 
lication now  so  well  known  to  all  prominent  politicians  was  deter- 
mined upon. 

Since  then  the  debates  of  the  Forty-third,  Forty-fourth,  Forty-fifth, 
and  I’orty-sixth  Congresses  have  been  printed  at  the  Government 
Printing  Office,  and  for  these  four  Congresses  the  printed  matter 
aggregates  more  than  42,000  pages,  as  follows ; 


No.  of  pages  in  debates  of  Forty-third  Congress 9,018 

“ “ “ “ “ “Forty-fourth  ••  10,308 

“ “ “ “ “ “ Forty-fifth  10,423 

“ “ “ “ ••  Forty-sixth  ••  12,500 


42,249 

The  concurrent  resolution  agreed  to  June  4,  1874,  provides  for  the 
printing  of  3,100  copies  of  the  Congressional  Record  for  the  use  of  the 
Senate,  and  7,250  copies  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
either  daily,  as  originally  published,  or  in  the  revised  form,  as  each 
Senator,  Member,  or  Delegate  receiving  the  same  may  elect. 

During  the  Second  Session  of  the  Forty-sixth  Congress,  3,971  copies 
of  the  Record  were  delivered  to  Senators  and  Members  unbound.  The 
number  of  each  volume  printed  and  bound  is  6,700,  aggregating 
40,200  volumes,  and  these  were  delivered  as  follows  : 


Delivered  to  Senate  folding-room i3j2i8 

Delivered  to  House  folding-room 25,062 

Delivered  to  House  library 600 

Delivered  to  Library  of  Congress. 312 

Delivered  to  officers  of  the  House 54 

Delivered  to  Executive  Departments,  on  requisition 72 

Delivered  to  W.  A.  Smith,  on  orders  from  members 12 

On  hand 870 


40,200 


io6 


Public  Printing  and  the 

In  addition  to  the  above,  there  are  printed  and  sold  to  subscribers 
an  average  for  each  session  of  about  250  to  300  copies. 

In  1878,  Congress  appropriated  ^100,000  for  the  purchase  from  the 
then  owners  and  proprietors  of  “ 25,000  bound  volumes  of  the  Con- 
gressional Globe,  40,000  unbound  volumes  of  the  Congressional  Globe, 
46,000  metal  plates  for  printing  the  Congressional  Globe,  24,000  com- 
position plates  for  printing  the  Congressional  Globe,  the  two-story 
fire-proof  building  situated  in  the  rear  of  the  Globe  building  on  Penn- 
sylvania Avenue,  and  the  copyright  for  the  complete  work,”  and  the 
law  required  that  the  property  so  purchased  should  be  placed  in  the 
custody  of  the  Public  Printer,  under  the  direction  of  the  Joint  Com 
mittee  on  Public  Printing. 

This  purchase  places  in  the  control  of  the  Government  the  stereo- 
type plates  of  the  proceedings  of  Congress  from  1837  to  1873,  ^^e 

old  Globe  form,  from  which  it  can,  at  any  time,  supply  new  members 
of  Congress  at  a moderate  expense. 

RECORD  COMPOSCNG  ROOM. 

The  Congressional  Record  Room  is  located  on  the  fourth  floor  of  the 
south  wing  of  the  new  extension,  and  is  85  by  52  feet,  with  a ceiling 
25  feet  in  height  in  the  center,  and  is  furnished  throughout  in  the  best 
manner.  The  number  of  hands  employed  is  i Foreman,  i Assistant 
Foreman,  7 proof-readers,  3 copy-holders,  2 makers-up,  3 floor-hands, 
I messenger,  3 laborers,  and  about  60  to  80  compositors.  This  force, 
of  course,  varies  somewhat  during  the  sessions  of  Congress,  and,  with 
the  exception  of  the  Foreman  and  one  laborer,  is  dismissed  at  the 
close  of  the  session. 

BRANCH  OFFICE,  TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 

In  June,  1869,  under  the  law  which  required  that  all  the  printing 
and  binding  for  the  Government  should  thereafter  be  executed  at  the 
Government  Printing  Office  in  Washington,  the  Congressional  Printer 
took  charge  of  the  printing  material  in  the  Treasury  Department,  and 
organized  in  the  basement  of  the  Treasury  building  a branch  office. 
The  material  found  in  the  possession  of  the  Treasury  Department  con- 
sisted of  four  power-presses,  one  ruling  and  one  cutting  machine,  and 
a quantity  of  type  and  other  material  necessary  for  a very  complete 
printing  office.  The  employes  were  one_  assistant  foreman  in  charge, 
one  proof-reader,  eight  compositors,  two  pressmen,  one  apprentice, 
one  cutter  and  counter,  four  feeders,  one  ruler,  and  one  laborer. 

The  office  is  under  the  supervision  of  the  Public  Printer,  and  he  fur- 
nishes the  materials,  employs  the  hands,  and  settles  the  accounts  of 
the  office.  As  there  is  a large  amount  of  printing  required  by  the 


Government  Printing  Ojjice.  107 

Treasury  Department  of  a confidential  or  secret  character,  this  office 
was  established  there  to  avoid  the  risk  of  sending  out  of  the  building 
important  confidential  papers,  and  thus  lessen  the  liability  of  their 
contents  becoming  known  to  the  public. 

The  Branch  Office  now  has  50  male  and  23  female  employes,  9 print- 
ing presses,  3 ruling  machines,  i Sheridan  paper  cutter,  and  i Sanborn 
stabbing  machine.  Here  are  printed  the  schedules  for  the  3.65  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia  bonds,  the  4,  4^,  5,  and  6 per  cent.  United  States 
registered  bonds,  which  aggregate  4,360  large  quarto  pages,  embracing 
the  names  of  every  holder  of  a registered  bond  in  the  world  ; and  this 
work  has  been  supplemented  recently  by  an  elaborate  index,  increasing 
the  number  of  pages  to  about  5,000.  These  pages  are  kept  in  type,  the 
changes,  or  corrections,  being  made  (as  the  holders  of  bonds  transfer 
their  property)  previous  to  the  dates  on  which  interest  is  to  be  paid. 

The  office  is  very  complete  in  all  its  details,  and  is  of  great  conveni- 
ence to  the  Treasury  Department  officials.  All  classes  of  work  are 
executed  at  the  Branch  Office — from  the  smallest  blank  to  the  largest 
volume— and  the  workmanship,  as  shown  by  the  products  of  the  estab- 
lishment, is  first-class  in  every  particular. 

BRANCH  OFFICE,  INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 

The  Patent  Office  or  Interior  Department  branch  of  the  Government 
Printing  Office  was  established  in  July,  1871,  when  the  Patent  Office 
was  under  the  commissionership  of  General  M.  D.  Leggett,  as  an  ad- 
junct of  the  office,  for  the  purpose  of  printing  the  headings  for  patent 
drawings,  which,  previous  to  that  time,  had  no  uniformity  of  size  or 
appearance.  Its  outfit  consisted  of  a single  hand-press  and  several 
small  fonts  of  type  ; and  the  working  force  comprised  one  man  and  a 
boy.  In  1873,  3-  Gordon  Press  and  several  more  fonts  of  type  were 
added,  and  the  working  force  increased  to  four  employes.  In  1874, 
an  additional  Gordon  Press  was  added,  and  the  force  of  employes  in- 
creased by  the  addition  of  another  employe.  In  1875,  *he  Congres- 
sional Printer  assumed  charge  of  the  office,  and  it  has  been  since  con- 
tinued as  a branch  of  the  Government  Printing  Office.  It  at  present 
contains  3 Gordon,  i Universal,  and  i Washington  hand-press,  and 
employs  a force  of  9 men,  one  of  whom  is  a book-binder. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  there  is  also  a small  branch  office  at  the 
Navy  Department,  which  is  also  under  the  supervision  of  the  Public 
Printer. 


CHAPTER  VI. 


THE  STEREOTYPING  AND  ELECTROTYPING 
DEPA  R TMENT. 

The  earliest  attempt,  so  far  as  known,  to  produce  stereotypes,  was 
made  by  Jacob  Van  der  Mey,  a Dutch  printer,  in  1698,  who  soldered 
the  backs  of  pages  of  type,  making  the  whole  into  a solid  plate.  In 
this  way  the  plates  of  books  were  produced,  among  them  the  entire 
Bible,  the  metal  plates  of  which  were  in  use  until  1711  ; but  the  im- 
mense expense  attending  this  process  prohibited  its  general  introduc- 
tion, and  it  is  not  known  that  any  further  use  was  made  of  the  invention. 

THE  PLASTER  PROCESS  OF  STEREOTYPING. 

In  1725,  William  Ged,  of  Edinburgh,  succeeded  in  casting  plates  in 
plaster  molds,  and  he  obtained  from  the  University  of  Cambridge  au- 
thority to  print  the  Bible  and  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer ; but,  owing 
to  the  opposition  of  the  workmen,  the  plates  produced  were  so  full  of 
errors  that  the  editions  were  suppressed,  and  the  plates  seized  and 
melted  up  by  direction  of  the  Government.  In  1738,  aided  by  his  son, 
Ged  stereotyped  an  edition  of  Sallust.  The  type  was  set  at  night, 
after  the  other  workmen  had  left,  and  an  edition  was  printed  secretly. 
This  was  the  first  book  printed  from  stereotype  plates,  cast  in  molds. 
The  first  edition  bears  the  date  of  1739,  and  a Latin  inscription  on  the 
title-page  may  be  translated  as  follows:  “Not  executed  by  movable 
types,  but  by  tablets  of  fused  metal.’’  Ged  died  October  19,  1749,  in 
indigent  circumstances.  His  son  endeavored  to  continue  the  business, 
but,  failing  to  obtain  needed  assistance,  abandoned  the  project,  and 
emigrated  to  Jamaica,  where  he  died.  The  process,  which  had  been 
kept  secret,  was  lost,  and  no  further  attempt  seems  to  have  been  made  to 
revive  it  until  about  1780,  when  Alexander  Tilloch,  of  Glasgow,  as- 
sisted by  a Mr.  Foulis,  printer  to  the  University  of  Glasgow,  rediscov- 
ered the  art,  and  several  books  were  stereotyped  and  printed,  when 
again  the  business  was  discontinued,  partly  through  financial  embar- 
rassments, and  partly  through  the  jealousy  of  the  printing  trade. 

In  America,  as  early  as  1743,  Benjamin  Franklin,  assisted  by  his 
nephew,  Benjamin  Mecom,  cast  several  pages  of  the  New  Testament. 
Franklin  obtained  his  knowledge  of  the  invention  from  Dr.  Cadwal- 

( 109) 


1 1 o Public  Printing  and  the 

lader  Golden,  who  probably  had  learned  something  of  Ged’s  experi- 
ments in  England. 

Finally,  towards  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  century,  Earl  Stanhope, 
who  had  done  much  towards  the  advancement  of  the  art  of  printing, 
purchased  of  Messrs.  Tilloch  & Foulis  the  secret  of  their  method  of 
stereoty])ing ; and  with  improvements  in  the  methods  of  casting  and 
finishing  the  plates,  the  invention  grew  rapidly  in  public  favor, 
foundries  multiplied,  and  it  was  conceded  that  this  invention,  which 
had  encountered  only  opposition  for  seventy-five  years,  would  make  it 


possible  to  supply  the  growing  demand  for  books  and  periodicals, 
which  the  more  general  diffusion  of  education  created. 

The  first  foundry  in  the  United  States  was  established  in  New  York 

in  1812,  by  Watts,  and  in  June,  1813,  the  first  book,  the 

Larger  Catechism  of  the  Westminster  Assembly,  was  published, 
printed  from  plates  made  by  him. 

In  1812,  David  Bruce,  of  New  York,  visited  London  for  the  purpose 
of  learning  the  new  art,  but  was  only  partially  successful.  L’pon  his 
return  to  this  country  he  opened  his  foundry,  and  introduced  a 
machine  of  his  own  invention  for  shaving  the  plates,  so  simple  and 


Government  Printing  Office. 


1 1 1 


perfect  in  its  operation  that  it  has  not  since  been  materially  improved. 
To  this  machine  is  due  much  of  the  superiority  of  American  over 
foreign  stereotype  plates.  Although  the  steam  shaving  machine  is 


generally  employed  for  reducing  the  rough  plates,  the  Bruce  machine 
is  still  used  in  all  foundries  to  complete  the  uniform  thickness  of  the 
plates. 

THE  CLAY  PROCESS  OF  STEREOTYPING. 

In  1854,  Mr.  Alexander  Elliott,'  jr.,  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  and 
Willard  Cowles,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  succeeded  in  producing  metallic 
plates  from  clay  molds.  The  discovery  never  attained  to  that  perfec- 
tion necessary  to  render  it  useful  in  the  art  of  printing  until  1859,  when 
Mr.  Elliott,  aided  financially  by  the  late  William  Blanchard,  esq.,  of 


I I 2 


Public  Prmting  and  the 

Washington  City,  after  the  expenditure  of  much  time,  patience,  and 
money,  succeeded  in  reducing  the  discovery  to  a highly  useful  inven- 
tion. It  is  this  process  which  is  now  so  successfully  employed  in  the 
rapid  and  economical  stereotyping  of  this  office. 

The  papier-mache  process  is  also  used  to  a limited  extent.  By  this 
jirocess  a number  of  casts  can  be  taken  from  the  same  mold,  which 
commends  its  use  when  duplicate  plates  are  required.  A new  paper 
process  has  recently  been  perfected  by  Mr.  W.  S.  Whitmore,  an  em- 


Fig.  15.— ELECTROTYPER’S  saw  TABLE. 


ploye  in  the  Foundry  of  the  Government  Printing  Office,  wherein 
paper  pulp  is  substituted  for  the  tissue  paper  in  common  use,  resulting 
in  a very  manifest  improvement  of  the  work  as  compared  with  that  ob- 
tained from  the  tissue  mold. 


Government  Printing  Office. 


113 

ELECTR  OTYPING. 

In  i839-’4o,  Mr.  J.  A.  Adams,  of  New  York,  made  the  first  step  in 
this  valuable  discovery,  which  has  since  become  so  useful  in  the  art 
cf  printing.  The  many  annoyances  formerly  attending  electrotyping 
have  of  late  years  been  almost  entirely  overcome  by  the  introduction 
of  improved  machinery  and  a more  thorough  knowledge  of  the  prin- 
ciples and  elements  incident  thereto.  The  substitution  of  dynamo- 
electric  machines  in  place  of  the  chemical  batteries  is  one  of  the  most 
important  of  recent  discoveries  in  connection  with  the  business.  Two 
of  the  Hochhausen  dynamo-electric  machines  are  in  daily  use  in  this 
Foundry,  and  have  resulted  in  great  economy  of  time  and  money, 
and  accomplish  the  purpose  for  which  they  are  designed  in  an  entirely 
satisfactory  manner. 


Fig.  16.— ELECTROTVl'KK’S  TRIMMING  MACHINE. 

The  Government  Printing  Office,  previous  to  September  15,  1869, 
depended  entirely  upon  individual  enterprise  for  its  stereotyping, 
which  amounted  to  something  like  $10,000  per  annum,  with  a tendency 
to  constant  increase.  Among  the  materials  transferred  from  the  Treas- 
8 


1 1 4 Public  Printing  and  the 

ury  Department  when  the  Congressional  Printer  organized  the  Branch 
Office  there,  was  a quantity  of  stereotype  implements  and  machinery, 
together  with  electrotyping  apparatus.  After  a careful  examination  of 
the  matter,  the  Congressional  Printer  determined  to  organize  a stereo- 
type foundry  in  connection  with  and  under  control  of  the  Government 
Printing  Office.  On  September  15,  1869,  the  material  taken  from  the 
Treasury  Department,  with  some  additional  purchases,  was  placed  in 
an  apartment  and  organized  for  business,  with  Mr.  Alex.  Elliott,  jr., 
as  Superintendent,  and  four  employes.  This  was  a “happy  thought” 
on  the  part  of  the  Congressional  Printer,  as  the  subsequent  history  of 
the  Stereotype  Foundry  abundantly  proves.  The  first  year  the  work 
executed  amounted  to  $18,718.25,  at  an  expense  to  the  Government 
of  only  $9,525.20.  The  demands  upon  the  Foundry  very  rapidly  in- 
creased, and  five  years  later  the  value  of  the  work  produced  was  $44,- 
860.48;  and  it  is  estimated  that  the  present  year  the  work  will  aggre- 
gate more  than  $60,000. 

The  Foundry  occupies  a room  fifty  feet  square,  on  the  same  floor 
with,  and  immediately  adjoining,  the  Job  Room.  The  average  num- 
ber of  hands  employed  throughout  the  year  is  about  twenty-eight. 
The  machinery  consists  of — 

3 Stereotype  mold  presses. 

2 Stereotype  furnaces. 

2 Circular  saws. 

2 Hand  shaving  machines. 

2 Steam  planing  machines. 

I Hand  machine  for  thicknessing  blocking  wood. 

I Jig  saw  and  drill. 

I Squaring-up  and  trimming  machine. 

I Plate-beveling  machine. 

I Routing  machine. 

I Medium  proof  press. 

1 Hydraulic  electrotype  mold  press. 

2 Toggle-joint  electrotype  mold  presses. 

1 Black-leading  machine. 

2 No.  2 Hochhausen  dynamo-electric  machines. 

I Electrotype  furnace. 

I Furnace  for  casting  leads,  slugs,  furniture,  etc. 

I Brass  rule  sawing  machine. 

The  average  amount  of  work  executed  in  the  Foundry  per  day,  em- 
bracing every  variety  of  blank  and  job  work  for  the  several  Departments, 
pamphlets,  books,  etc.,  is  equivalent  to  about  three  hundred  octavo 
pages,  in  addition  to  which  the  Foundry  casts  all  the  leads,  slugs,  and 


Govermnent  Printing  Office.  1 1 5 

metal  furniture  used  in  all  the  different  departments  and  branches  of 
the  Government  Printing  Office.  The  amount  of  stereotype  and  elec- 
trotype metal  cast  in  the  various  forms  incident  to  the  work  will  aggre- 
gate not  less  than  180,000  pounds  per  annum. 


MACHINER  K 

Fig.  13  ,is  a Dynamo-Electric  Afachi?ie,  or  battery,  and  is  now  used 
by  electrotypers  generally,  in  the  larger  foundries,  as  a substitute  for 
the  chemical  battery.  It  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  additions  to  the 
electrotyper’s  outfit  ever  invented.  The  machine  is  manufactured  by 
Arnoux  & Hochhausen,  of  New  York  City. 

Fig.  14.  Stereotype  Shaving  Machine. — This  machine  consists  of  a 


1 1 6 Public  Printing  and  Government  Printing  Ofice. 

table,  on  which  the  plates  are  planed — reducing  the  plates  to  a uniform 
thickness.  It  is  a hand-power  machine. 

Fig.  15.  Electrotyper' s Saw  Table. — A machine  of  general  utility, 
but  chiefly  used  in  sawing  out  and  separating  surplus  metal  from  plates. 

Fig.  16.  Electrotyper  s Trvnming  Machine. — This  simple  but  valu- 
able machine  is  adapted  to  many  purposes,  but  is  mostly  used  in  trim- 
ming and  squaring  electrotype  plates  mounted  on  solid  bodies.  It  is 
manufactured  by  Huke  & Spencer,  Chicago,  111. 

Fig.  17.  Electrotype  a?id  Stereotype  Planing  Machine. — Used  in. 
planing  off  the  backs  of  plates,  in  the  process  of  their  reduction  to 
uniformity  in  thickness. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

THE  BINDING  DEPARTMENT. 

Book-binding,  as  a means  of  preserving  records,  laws,  and  litera- 
ture, and  of  perpetuating  the  events  of  history,  though  in  a rude  state, 
has  been  practiced  for  about  two  thousand  years.  As  learning  increased 
and  the  intellectual  wants  of  mankind  passed  from  the  mere  verbal  per- 
petuation of  religion,  laws,  history,  and  literature,  when  tradition  was 
the  only  teacher,  and  w'hen  the  itinerant  poet  and  singer  was  the  only 
historian,  they  put  in  writing  what  before  had  been  transmitted  ver- 
bally from  man  to  man,  and  so  over  all  the  broad  lands.  Having 
written,  they  sought  some  means  of  preserving  the  records  of  transpir- 
ing events — something  which,  if  not  beautiful,  was  yet  enduring  ; some- 
thing which  might  keep  together  their  precious  labor,  and  to  which 
they  might  refer  with  certainty  and  rely  upon  for  durability.  Doubt- 
less the  first  attempt  to  put  passing  events  in  a shape  of  perfection,  as 
was  then  thought,  where  all  who  understood  the  characters  might 
resort,  consult  and  become  learned,  were  tablets  of  stone,  wood,  or 
metal.  These  were  uncouth  and  unwieldy,  but  they  made  certain 
whatever  was  written,  and  were  a step  in  the  direction  which  has  cul- 
minated in  the  beautiful  and  tasteful  specimens  of  book-binding  which 
adorn  the  libraries  of  to-day.  The  ten  commandments  were  written 
on  tablets  of  stone,  and  so  have  come  down  to  the  present  time  without 
material  change  of  words.  For  recording  contracts,  preserving  wills, 
and  legal  forms  generally,  the  ancients  had  recourse  to  thin  sheets  of 
wood,  metal,  or  perhaps  palm  leaves  ; these  were  covered  with  a film  of 
wax,  into  which  were  traced  the  requisite  words  by  means  of  a pointed 
instrument  called  a stylus.  A book  of  lead  composed  of  six  thin  leaves 
was  purchased  at  Rome  in  the  year  1699,  which  measured  four  inches 
long  and  three  inches  wide ; the  leaves  were  held  together  by  hinges 
of  lead,  and  the  covers  were  of  the  same  material.  A peculiarly  adhe- 
sive mixture,  a sort  of  glue,  was  invented  by  Phallarius,  an  Athenian, 
for  attaching  leaves  together.  He  was  honored  for  it  by  having  a 
statue  erected  to  his  memory.  The  University  of  Gottingen,  which 
was  founded  by  King  George  II,  has  a Bible  of  palm  leaves  containing 
5,376  leaves,  'fhe  usual  wooden,  stone,  and  metal  tablets  were,  in 
form,  square  or  oblong ; but  when  a more  pliant  material  was  discov- 
ered, as  papyrus  or  parchment,  a very  great  change  in  form  readily 
suggested  itself,  and  the  transition  from  the  bulky  tablets  to  the  more 

C117  ) 


Public  Printing  and  t)ic 


\ 


118 


Government  Printing  Office. 


119 


elegant  and  portable  roll  was  only  what  the  increasing  intelligence 
demanded.  The  leaves,  or  rather  sheets,  were  sewed  together,  making 
a continuous  piece  long  enough  to  contain  the  subject  written  about, 
with  thongs  of  the  same  material,  and  attached  to  a roll  or  cylinder  of 
wood  or  metal,  sometimes  of  silver  or  gold,  having  a knob  at  each 
end  highly  ornamented,  and  often  set  with  precious  stones.  The  reader 
could  by  placing  tjie  roll  in  front  of  him  gradually  unroll  it  and  bring 
the  lines  of  reading  successively  beneath  the  eye,  and  so  read  or  study 
much  more  easily  than  was  possible  with  separate  plates  or  even  sheets. 
The  title  was  displayed  in  red  or  other  colored  ink  on  fine  parchment, 
and  attached  to  the  outside  of  the  roll.  A collection  of  books  was 
found  among  the  Calmuck  Tartars,  long  and  narrow,  the  leaves  made 
of  thick  bark  covered  with  varnish,  and  the  writing  done  with  white  ink 
on  a black  ground.  The  religious  houses  were  the  only  places  where 
learning  existed  and  where  books  were  made,  and  the  monks,  assisted 
often  by  slaves,  were  the  book-makers  and  book-binders ; the  same 
person  being  often  the  author,  illuminator,  and  binder.  The  then  rude 
and  little-practiced  art  was  not  without  some  attempt  at  display  and 
fine  workmanship  on  the  coverings  of  books;  and  though  characterized 
generally  by  ostentation,  untrammeled  by  taste  and  judgment,  yet 
many  elegant,  tasteful  specimens  of  exterior  adornment  remain  in  such 
a state  of  preservation  as  to  attest  that  correct  judgment,  good  taste, 
and  purity  of  design  were  gradually  emerging  from  the  darkness,  and 
only  needed  the  stimulation  of  demand  to  advance  rapidly.  Diamonds 
and  pearls  of  rare  value  were  bestowed  upon  book-covers,  regardless  of 
their  contents,  without  design  or  purpose  other  than  to  dazzle  the  eyes 
of  beholders  and  to  parade  the  wealth  of  the  owners.  Ornaments  of 
the  precious  metals  were  wrought  in  fanciful  designs ; the  rarest  work 
was  executed  with  the  rudest  tools,  which  would  excite  the  wonder  and 
emulation  of  lovers  of  books  of  the  present  time.  When  the  city  of  Buda, 
in  Hungary,  was  taken  in  the  year  1526,  the  Turkish  soldiers  destroyed 
almost  the  entire  library  of  30,000  volumes,  mostly  manuscripts,  strip- 
ping off  their  covers  merely  for  the  sake  of  the  valuable  ornaments. 

Book-binding,  as  an  art  in  which  cultivated  taste,  combined  with 
neatness  and  stability  of  workmanship,  became  conspicuous  about  the 
time  of  Henry  VII  or  Henry  VHI.  Many  fine  bindings  executed  at 
that  time  are  yet  in  existence.  During  the  reign  of  Henry  VHI  an 
edition  of  the  Bible  was  published,  and  in  three  years  it  reached  the 
seventh  edition.  This  alone  gave  an  impetus  to  the  business,  placed 
it  upon  a footing  of  great  respectability,  and  created  a lucrative  occu- 
pation for  those  who  practiced  it.  During  the  reign  of  the  last-men- 
tioned monarch  was  introduced  the  use  of  heated  stamping-tools  which 
left  an  impression  in  gold  or  in  black  upon  the  leather  or  other  mate- 


Government  Printmg  Office.  i 2 1 

rial  with  which  the  book  was  covered;  and  the  same  means  remain  in 
use  now,  although  very  much  improved  in  style  and  finish,  as  well  as 
in  variety  and  design.  Queen  Elizabeth,  for  amusement,  just  as  women 
embroider  now,  worked  patterns  on  colored  silks  and  velvets,  with 
threads  of  gold  and  silver,  covers  for  Bibles  and  other  devotional  books, 
which  the  book-binders  fitted  to  such  volumes  as  were  sent  to  them. 
Many  famous  amateur  book-binders  have  arisen,  the  most  conspicuous 
being  Jean  Grolier,  a French  nobleman  and  enthusiastic  lover  of  books 
and  of  book-binding,  which  he  followed  with  great  devotion.  • He  was 
the  first  to  introduce  the  lettering  of  the  title  upon  the  backs  of  books. 
He  made  his  own  designs,  as  well  as  stamps,  and  they  were  frequently 
worked  in  combination  with  various  colored  leathers,  being  inlaid  with 
great  care  and  precision.  Marble  paper,  now  much  in  use  for  half- 
bound books,  was  first  introduced  into  England  from  Holland,  wrapped 
around  Dutch  toys ; it  was  carefully  smoothed  out  and  sold  to  book- 
binders at  a high  price,  and  became  at  once  very  popular  as  a lining 
for  books.  But  the  modern  workman  has  succeeded  in  making  a great 
variety  of  marble  paper,  very  much  improved  over  those  scraps  which 
found  their  way  into  the  art  in  the  above  surreptitious  manner. 

In  olden  times,  in  churches,  all  devotional  books  were  chained  fast 
to  the  desks,  and  were  bound  in  wood ; that  is,  the  sides  were  of  heavy 
oak,  with  metallic  corners.  They  were  chained  in  this  way  in  order 
that  they  might  be  at  the- disposal  of  the  faithful,  and  at  the  same  time 
be  beyond  the  cupidity  of  the  irreligious,  and  also  to  assure  the  owners 
that  they  were  safe. 

The  University  of  Leyden,  in  the  seventeenth  century,  had  a long- 
room  in  which  were  placed  rows  of  book-shelves,  just  as  the  pews  are 
now  built  upon  the  floor  of  a church,  and  having  much  the  same  ap- 
pearance; these  were  filled  with  books,  and  each  volume  had  its  sepa- 
rate chain  and  lock,  and  could  not  be  removed  without  permission  of 
the  proper  custodian. 

When  in  1299  a tax  was  imposed  upon  the  inhabitants  of  Paris  to 
meet  the  extravagance  of  the  King,  the  whole  number  of  book-binders 
was  only  seventeen,  all  dependent  on  the  University  of  Paris  for  support. 

Tritheimius,  Abbot  of  Spanheim,  near  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury, made  a classification  of  his  monks,  who  were  book-binders,  in  the 
following  way  : “Let  that  one,”  says  he,  “fasten  the  leaves  together 
and  bind  the  books  with  boards  ; you  prepare  those  boards ; you  dress 
the  leather;  you  the  metal  plates,  which  are  to  adorn  the  binding.” 

Atticus  had  some  slaves  who  were  skillful  book-binders,  ligatores 
librorum,  and  Cicero  in  his  correspondence  with  him  asks  that  two  of 
them  might  be  sent  to  him.  One  would  suppose  that  a person  in  order 
to  practice  the  craft  of  book-binding  ought  to  be  acquainted  with  the 


122 


Public  Printing  and  the 

insides  of  books  as  well  as  to  be  able  to  bind  them,  but  the  appointment 
of  a book-binder  to  the  Chambre  des  Comptes  depended  upon  his  entire 
ignorance,  for,  before  he  could  be  employed  he  was  obliged  to  swear 
that  he  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

The  Crusades  doubtless  had  much  influence  on  book-binding,  as  the 
Arabs  had  been  for  a long  time  acquainted  with  the  art  of  preparing 
skines,  and  also  of  coloring,  stamping,  and  gilding  them  for  book  covers. 

After  Henry  III  had  instituted  his  order  of  “Penitents,”  he  origi- 
nated a lugubrious  style  of  binding,  calculated  more  to  depress  the 
spirit  than  to  light  it  up  with  the  truths  of  religion.  It  consisted  in 
putting  on  the  sides  of  books  the  death’s-head  and  cross-bones,  tears, 
crosses,  and  other  insignia,  worked  in  gilt  on  black  leather,  bearing  the 
following  device ; Spes  inea  Deus  — God  is  my  hope. 

I have  been  unable  to  find  that  any  general  law  upon  the  subject  of 
the  public  binding  was  in  existence  prior  to  the  passage  of  the  act  creating 
the  Government  Printing  Office.  From  time  to  time  certain  joint  and 
concurrent  resolutions,  providing  for  some  specific  or  special  binding, 
were  enacted,  but  no  general  regulations  have  been  found.  Previous 
to  1852,  I believe  it  formed  one  of  the  duties  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Senate  and  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  the  ac- 
counts were  probably  paid  from  the  contingent  fund  of  the  respective 
houses.  Later,  the  binding  of  the  extra  copies  of  documents,  etc.,  viz, 
those  in  cloth,  was  given  to  persons  selected  by,  or  who  had  concluded 
contracts  with,  the  Joint  Committee  on  Printing;  but  the  copies  bound 
in  sheep  and  leather,  known  as  reserve  documents,  continued  to  be 
done  under  the  supervision  of  the  Secretary  and  the  Clerk,  under 
contract. 

The  subjects  of  Government  printing  and  binding,  however,  are  so 
closely  connected  as  to  be  somewhat  difficult  of  separation ; and  it  is 
probable  that  the  laws  relating  to  the  former  guided  the  execution  of 
the  latter.  The  reader  is  therefore  referred,  for  a more  extended  no- 
tice of  matters  connected  with  the  Government  binding,  to  the  “Short 
History  of  Public  Printing,  1789-81,”  found  elsewhere  in  this  book. 

The  Bindery  is  divided  into  four  departments:  i.  The  Ruling  Room; 
2.  The  Sewing  Room;  3.  The  Forwarding  Room;  and  4.  The  Finish- 
ing Room. 

The  impression  which  prevails  in  some  localities  that  the  work  done 
in  this  establishment  is  only  of  the  plain  kinds  or  varieties,  viz,  in 
plain  cloth  or  sheep,  and  that  no  really  handsome  or  ornamental  bind- 
ing is  executed,  is  entirely  erroneous.  The  law  permits  certain  public 
officials,  and  most  of  the  public  libraries,  to  have  binding  done  at  the 
Government  Bindery ; and  these  officials  and  institutions  can  select 
the  variety  or  style  of  binding  desired.  Under  the  operation  of  this 


Government  PHnting  Office.  123 

privilege,  the  class  of  work  executed  is  as  great  in  variety  as  that 
done  at  any  well-regulated  private  bindery  in  the  country. 

Including  all  classes  of  binding,  of  course  the  quantity  turned  out  in 
a year  is  very  large,  and  probably  exceeds  more  than  threefold  that 
done  in  any  other  binding  establishment  in  the  United  States. 

The  growth  of  this  branch  of  the  Government  Printing  Office  has 
been  very  great  in  the  past  twenty  years,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  annual 


Fig.  20.— embossing  TRESS. 


expenditures  and  the  machinery,  etc.,  then  and  now  required  in  its 
prosecution.  At  a certain  period  of  the  war,  an  unnatural  increase, 
like  that  in  the  printing,  occasioned  in  a great  measure  by  the  large 
advance  in  the  cost  of  all  kinds  of  material,  etc.,  took  place  in  the  ex- 
penditures on  account  of  the  public  binding,  and  especially  in  the 


124 


Public  Printmg  ajid  the 

ruling  department,  where  millions  of  muster-rolls  for  the  troops  were 
completed.  The  following  table  exhibits  the  annual  expense  of  the 
Bindery  from  1862  to  1880,  and  includes  the  cost  of  material,  labor, 


etc. : 

1862 

^106,652.57 

1872 

$541,663.16 

00 

ON 

1873 

1864 

302,947-19 

1874 

549,078.20 

1865 

387,288.09 

1875 

1866 

445-009.57 

1876 

1867 

386,203.98 

1877 

312,780.78 

1868 

346,723-82 

1878 

405,752-55 

1869 

385-219.41 

1879 

00 

0 

477-603.74  ' 

1880 

1871 

■ 508,442.53  i 

When  the  Government  assumed  control  of  the  building  in  i860,  the 
entire  force  in  the  Bindery  numbered  but  forty-six  persons.  The 
table  below  gives  the  number  of  persons  employed  in  i860  and  1880, 
respectively,  and  also  the  number  and  kind  of  machines  then  and  now 
required  : 

1S60.  1880. 

Persons  employed  (male  and  female) 46  551 


Ruling  Machines  in  operation 2 21 

Cutting  Machines  running 2 10 

Standing  Presses  in  use 4 36 

Board  Cutters l 5 

Wire  Sewing  Machines — 13 

Numbering  and  Paging  Machines - — 17 

Perforating  Machines — 3 

Stamping  Presses — 5 

Smashing  Machine — • i 

Sawing  Machines — 2 

Cloth  Cutting  Machine — i 

Knife  Grinding  Machine — l 

Backing  Machines — 7 

Plows  and  Presses — 53 

Total  Machines 9 175 


The  Bindery  is  located  in  the  third  story  of  the  Government 
Printing  Office  building,  and  occupies  the  entire  floor,  including  the 
east  and  west  wings,  or  a floor  space  equal  to  nearly  one  acre. 

All  documents  for  the  use  of  Congress,  the  Library  of  Congress, 
the  several  Departments,  and  the  various  courts,  are  bound,  and  all 
blank  books,  of  every  description,  for  the  use  of  all  the  different 


Government  Printing  Office 


KMliOSSlNt;  I'KliSS. 


126  Public  Printing  and  the 

branches  of  the  Government,  are  made,  at  the  Government  Bindery  in 
this  city. 

The  employes,  240  of  whom  are  females,  are  divided  as  follows : 
forwarders,  140;  finishers,  59  ; rulers,  21  ; sewers,  feeders,  and  laborers, 
297. 

The  machinery  ir.  use  is  of  the  latest  kind,  and  illustrations  of  the 
more  interesting  machines,  with  short  descriptions,  are  included  in  this 
volume.  The  arrangements  for  executing  vast  quantities  of  work,  in 
an  expeditious  and  economical  manner,  and  in  the  most  modern 
style  of  the  art,  are  as  nearly  perfect  as  human  ingenuity  has  devised. 
Every  convenience  and  requisite  in  the  way  of  tools  and  opportunities 
are  afforded  the  large  corps  of  operators  for  the  performance  of  their 
labor. 

RULING  ROOM- 

The  Ruling  Room  is  located  in  the  east  wing,  fronting  on  North 
Capitol  street,  being  a part  of  the  new  addition  erected  in  1870,  and 
is  1 13  feet  long  by  60  wide,  one-half  of  which  is  devoted  to  the  ruling 
machines. 

In  this  branch  all  the  blanks  and  blank  books  used  by  the  Govern- 
ment in  the  prosecution  of  its  business  from  one  end  of  the  country  to 
the  other,  as  well  as  for  the  Departments  in  Washington,  are  ruled. 
Forty  hands  are  employed,  and  twenty-one  ruling  machines  are  in 
constant  use.  Some  of  the  ruling  required  is  very  complicated,  and 
involves  a great  deal  of  patient  labor.  This  intricate  ruling  is  slow 
work,  and  instances  have  been  known  which  required  the  constant 
labor  of  one  ruler  for  eight  days  to  complete  a single  book. 

The  history  of  the  Ruling  Machine,  although  comparatively  a new 
invention,  seems  shrouded  in  mystery.  It  has  been  stated  that  the 
first  one  in  existence,  which  combined  the  principles  involved  in  the 
modern  ruling  machine,  was  invented  by  a Frenchman,  about  the  year 
1800,  who  took  his  invention  to  England  shortly  afterwards,  and 
subsequently  brought  it  to  this  country  and  patented  it  here. 
The  attention  of  inventors  has  been  directed  to  ruling  machines  more 
than  to  any  other  class  of  machinery  used  in  book-binderies.  More 
than  fifty  different  patents  have  been  issued  by  the  U^nited  States 
Patent  Office  since  the  first  machine  was  constructed  ; among  the  most 
important  of  which  are  the  strikers  and  pen  lifters,  brought  out  a tew 
years  ago.  By  the  aid  of  these  improvements,  a single  machine  is 
capable  of  performing  five  times  as  much  work,  in  the  same  length  of 
time,  as  formerly. 

Ringwalt’s  Encyclopsedia  gives  the  following  description  of  a Ruling 
Machine ; 

“The  principle  of  the  Ruling  Machine  is  very  simple:  At  each  end 


Govenwient  Printing  Office. 


of  a frame  a wooden  roller  is  affixed,  one  of  which  is  turned  by  a 
handle.  Round  these  rollers  revolves  a broad,  endless  band  of  canvas 
or  cloth,  sufficiently  smooth  and  elastic,  and  also  a series  of  small 
cords,  so  arranged  that  the  paper  may  be  kept  in  its  proper  position 
while  it  is  being  ruled.  At  one  end  of  the  machine  is  a table  to  which 
a gauge  is  attached  in  such  a manner  that  accurate  feeding  of  the  paper 
can  be  insured ; and  after  the  paper  traverses  a short  distance  on  the 
endless  band  it  comes  in  contact  with  the  ruling  pens.  They  are 
firmlv  held  in  a broad  clasp  formed  of  two  pieces  of  wood,  nnited  by 


a 

2; 


u 

c 

S 

o 

z 


o 

o 

B 


screws ; and  in  the  improved  modern  machines  this  clasp  is  so  com- 
pletely under  the  control  of  the  operator  that  it  may  be  readily  moved 
either  to  the  right  hand  or  left,  or  slightly  varied  from  its  true  rectan- 
gular position,  so  as  to  make  the  ruling  correspond  with  the  irregulari- 
ties of  imperfect  paper,  or  with  any  description  of  ruling  that  may  be 
required.  The  pens  are  formed  of  a peculiar  quality  of  brass,  and  are 


When  a sheet  is  to  be  ruled  it  is  fed  accurately,  by  the  aid  of  the 
gauge,  and  as  it  passes  under  the  pens  it  is  held  firmly  by  the  ends  in 
its  proper  position  on  the  endless  bands.  As  it  passes  underneath  the 
pens  it  receives  from  them  all  the  rulings  in  one  direction  which  are 
deemed  necessary,  several  colors  being  sometimes  simultaneously 
ruled.” 


I 28  Public  Printing  and  the 

simple  channels,  to  convey  the  ink  from  its  reservoir  to  the  paper. 
The  pens  are  arranged  in  sets  at  various  distances  from  one  another,  so 
that  rulings  of  every  desirable  width  can  readily  be  made;  and  ingeni- 
ous contrivances  facilitate  the  ruling  of  lines  in  which  several  colors 
are  very  closely  combined.  The  ink  reservoirs  are  pieces  of  flannel 
lying  on  the  upper  end  of  the  pens,  and  kept  thoroughly  saturated  by 
means  of  a small  brush.  The  ink  is  made  of  pigments  of  various 
colors  and  materials,  and  when  used  it  is  a thin  liquid,  flowing  freely. 


Government  Printing  Office. 


1 29 

The  machines  in  use  in  the  Government  Bindery  have  the  latest  im- 
proved strikers  and  pen-lifters,  steam  attachments,  and  ink  fountains, 
and,  by  a simple  mechanical  operation,  can  be  changed  from  strikers 
to  faint-line  machines. 

The  machines  are  used  for  ruling  note  and  cap  papers,  blank  books, 
blank  forms,  note  and  letter  heads,  and  in  fact  any  and  all  classes  of 


printed  or  plain  matter  requiring  perpendicular  or  horizontal  lines, 
and  can  be  done  in  plain  or  fancy  colors,  as  the  character  of  the  work 
may  demand. 

Without  the  improvements  which  have  been  made  from  time  to 
time  in  the  ruling  machines,  the  work  required  in  this  department 
could  not  be  performed  with  less  than  forty  machines.  Two  persons 
are  employed  at  each  machine : an  attendant,  generally  a man,  and  a 
feeder,  usually  a female. 

9 


130 


Public  Printing  and  the 


SEWING  ROOM. 

The  Sewing  department  is  located  in  the  east  wing. 

The  “sewing”  of  a book  is  the  first  operation  it  undergoes,  in  this 
establishment,  after  it  reaches  the  Bindery.  This  is  the  work  of  fe- 
males almost  exclusively,  and  evidently  has  been  their  occupation  ever 
since  the  art  of  modern  book-binding  was  invented.  The  work  is 
somewhat  difficult  to  describe,  and  a description  here  would  occupy 
more  space  than  is  at  command ; besides,  we  doubt  whether  any  one 


not  versed  in  the  binder’s  terms  would  comprehend  the  allusions  to  the 
bands,  the  sewing  bench,  the  kettle-stitch,  two  sheets  on,  all  along,  etc., 
without  seeing  the  operator  in  the  actual  performance  of  the  work. 
The  result,  however,  is  the  sewing  of  the  proper  number  of  sheets  or 


Fig.  26.— blank  BOOK  SEWING  BENCH. 

signatures  together  in  the  order  in  which  they  are  to  appear  in  the 
volume,  and  is  altogether  different  in  operation  from  the  ordinary 
stitching  of  pamphlets. 


Government  Printing  Ojfice. 


131 

There  are  now  engaged  in  the  Sewing  Room  about  240  employes, 
nearly  all  of  whom  are  females,  and  13  Wire  Book  Sewing  Machines. 
All  books  containing  plates,  maps,  etc.,  are  sewed  by  hand,  as  are  also 
the  books  for  the  various  Government  libraries. 

In  this  room  are  also  the  Numbering  and  Paging  Machines,  of  which 
there  are  17,  of  the  most  approved  make.  An  ordinary  paging 
machine  is  about  the  size  of  a sewing  machine,  and  is  used  for  “print- 
ing consecutive  numbers,  with  great  rapidity,  on  sheets  of  paper. 


Fig.  27  — SUTCLIFF  NUMBERING  AND  PAGING  MACHINE. 

check-books,  cards,  etc.  The  numbers  are  usually  fixed  on  the 
circumference  of  a revolving  cylinder,  which  is  brought  down  to  the 
paper  by  some  mechanical  appliance,  by  hand  or  treadle  motion;  and 
after  the  impression  has  been  effected,  a section  or  sections  of  the 
cylinder  revolve,  and  another  number  is  ready  to  be  printed.  Paging 
machines  usually  ink  themselves,  and  are  made  to  print  double. 


T 3 2 Public  Printing  and  the 

treble,”  etc.  The  work  performed  on  these  machines  in  the  Govern- 
ment Bindery  consists,  in  part,  of  post-office  money  orders,  both 
domestic  and  international,  the  paging  of  blank  books  for  the  several 
Departments  of  the  Government  and  Congress,  and  the  numbering  of 
checks,  bonds,  etc.  But  the  money-order  business,  which  is  so  rapidly 
increasing  from  year  to  year,  is  the  principal  occupation  of  these 
machines.  Hundreds  of  new  offices  are  established  every  year,  and 
for  these,  as  well  as  for  all  those  established  since  the  inauguration  of 
the  money-order  system,  millions  of  blanks  are  required  to  be  printed 
annually ; and  it  has  been  prophesied  that  if  the  increase  in  this  service 
continues  in  the  same  ratio  a few  years  more,  it  will  require  one-half 
the  space  now  occupied  by  the  whole  Bindery  to  execute  this  single 
class  of  work  for  the  Government. 

FORWARDING  ROOM. 

The  term  “forwarding,”  as  applied  to  book-binding,  indicates  that 
branch  which  takes  the  books  after  they  are  sewed,  and  advances  them 
until  they  are  put  in  leather,  ready  for  the  finisher ; and  a person 
working  at  this  part  of  the  trade  is  called  a forwarder. 

The  Forwarding  Room  is  located  in  the  main  building,  fronting  on 
H street.  There  are  employed  here  about  175  persons,  nearly  all 
males,  and  the  following  machinery  is  in  use : 


Cutting  Machines 10 

Stamping  Machines 5 

Board  Cutters 5 

Smashing  Machine i 

Sawing  Machines 2 

Backing  Machines .........  7 

Cloth  Cutting  Machine i 

Knife  Grinding  Machine i 

Standing  Presses 36 


Total 68 


All  the  binding  for  the  Government  is  done  in  this  room,  and  the 
number  of  volumes  turned  out  in  a single  year  would  more  than  fill  the 
Congressional  Library,  the  largest  library  in  America.  Blank  books 
of  all  conceivable  sizes  and  styles,  from  the  small  pass-book,  2^  by  3 
inches,  to  the  ponderous  double-entry  ledger,  21  by  32  inches,  and 
printed  volumes,  from  the  smallest  size  to  the  largest  folio,  are  bound 
in  this  room. 

The  stamping  and  marbling  are  also  done  here. 

The  process  of  marbling  is  always  an  interesting  one  to  visitors.  It 


BINDING  DEPARTMENT — Forwarding  Room. 


Government  Printitig  Office, 


133 


is  one  of  the  many  ways  of  ornamenting  books,  and  is  used  alike  on 
the  covers,  linings,  and  edges.  The  process  is  very  simple,  when  un- 
derstood, but  appears  difficult  to  the  uninitiated.  The  following  de- 
scription of  this  beautiful  art  is  copied  ixom  Harper' s Magazine : 
“There  is  a favorite  style  of  half-leather  binding  which  involves  a 


Fig.  28.— acme  AUT0M.\TIC  AND  FOOT  CLAMPING  CUTTER. 

process  so  beautiful,  as  fairly  to  entitle  it  to  a separate  paragraph. 
This  is  where  the  back  is  of  leather,  and  the  sides  of  ‘ marbled  ’ paper. 
A shallow  tank  is  filled  with  water  in  which  gum  has  been  dissolved. 
The  different  colors  are  simply  ground  in  Avater.  The  marbler  dips  a 
brush  into  a pot,  and  with  a peculiar  fiirt  sprinkles  the  color  into  the 


^34 


Public  Prmting  and  the 

tank.  The  color  spreads  upon  the  surface  in  irregular  oval  forms,  just 
as  a drop  of  oil  spreads  upon  water.  He  then  in  like  manner  sprinkles 
other  colors.  These  colors  will  not  mix  ; a drop  of  one  falling  upon 
another  merely  crowds  a space  for  itself,  altering  the  shape  of  the  first 
color.  A third  color  does  the  same  thing  to  both,  and  so  on.  Some- 
times only  one  color  is  used,  sometimes  half  a score.  Every  color 
presents  a series  of  forms  bounded  by  curved  lines.  Thus,  if  the  first 
color  was  red  and  the  second  blue,  if  a drop  of  the  latter  falls  upon 
the  center  of  a drop  of  the  former,  there  will  be  a blue  center  sur- 


rounded with  a red  ring ; if  a blue  drop  falls  upon  the  edge  of  a red 
one,  there  will  be  a blue  cutting  into  the  circumference  of  a red  one ; 
and  so  on  through  the  whole  range  of  colors,  no  one  of  which  in  any 
case  intermixes  with  another.  The  pattern  is  frequently  varied  by 
drawing  a long  comb  through  the  colors  at  any  stage  of  the  process. 


Government  Printing  Office.  135 

The  teeth  of  the  comb  pull  out  the  colors  into  a series  of  ovals,  or 
rather  parabolas.  If  the  comb,  instead  of  being  drawn  straight 
through,  has  also  a motion  from  side  to  side,  an  altogether  different 
pattern  is  produced  ; if  drawn  twice,  lengthwise  and  crosswise,  still 
another  ; and  so  on,  ad  mfinitu7n.  When  the  marbler  has  produced 
the  pattern  that  suits  him  for  the  time,  he  lays  a sheet  of  paper  upon 
the  tank.  This  takes  up  all  the  colors,  just  as  they  lie  upon  the  sur- 
face of  the  gum-water.  A little  color  will  be  left  around  the  edges  of 
the  tank ; this  is  struck  off  by  a flat  rule,  and  the  process  is  renewed. 
This  operation,  which  it  has  taken  so  long  to  describe,  is  performed 


kig.  30.— knife  grinding  M.\CHINE. 
very  rapidly,  varying  in  time  with  the  number  of  colors  and  combings. 
Two  minutes  for  a sheet  of  paper  of  the  size  of  sixteen  pages  of  the 
Magazine  is  a fair  average.  If  the  edges  of  a book  are  to  be  marbled, 
the  process  is  the  same.  The  tank  is  prepared  as  before,  and  the 
marbler  takes  as  many  volumes  as  he  can  conveniently  hold — the 
cover  not  having  been  put  on — and  dips  the  ends  and  side  successively. 
The  sheets  are  so  firmly  pressed  together  that  the  color  only  touches 
the  edges,  without  penetrating  between  the  leaves.  The  wonder  of  the 
whole  process  is  that  while  the  patterns  may  be  infinitely  varied,  the 


136 


Public  Printing  and  the 


operator  can  by  this  apparently  chance  operation  produce  any  number 
of  the  same  kind.  He  will,  if  he  wishes,  make  a thousand  successive 
sheets  all  apparently  alike,  though  in  reality  no  one  is  exactly  like  an- 
other. Abroad  this  process  is  kept  as  a great  secret.  Mr.  J.  G.  Kohl, 
the  famous  German  traveler,  who  had  visited  almost  all  the  great  man- 
ufacturing establishments  in  Europe,  was  never  able  to  see  it  until  it 


ai 


2 


O 


was  shown  to  him  in  this  establishment.  The  sheets  when  marbled  are 
rough,  and  the  colors  are  indistinct.  To  bring  out  the  full  beauty  of 
the  tints,  and  their  endlessly-varied  combinations,  the  sheet  is  bur- 
nished. This  must  be  done  by  rubbing,  for  no  amount  of  pressure 
would  give  it  a polish.  To  effect  this,  an  agate  burnisher  is  fastened  to 


Government  Printing  Office. 


137 


the  end  of  a long  perpendicular  lever,  fixed  at  one  end,  and  moved 
back  and  forward  by  the  steam-engine  over  a bed  having  a curve  an- 
swering to  the  radius  of  the  circle  which  would  be  described  by  the 
lever.  The  sheet  is  placed  upon  the  bed,  which  is  pressed  up  by  a 
treadle,  and  each  part  brought  successively  under  the  burnisher. 
Nothing  less  hard  than  a flint  or  agate  will  serve  for  a burnisher.  The 


hardest  steel  would  become  scratched  in  a few  hours.  The  hard  agate, 
indeed,  requires  polishing  every  few  weeks.” 

The  perforating,  i.  e.,  making  rows  of  perforations  in  sheets  of 


138  Public  Prmting  and  the 

order-books,  check-books,  blanks,  etc.,  is  also  done  in  this  room. 
The  machine  has  a couple  of  cylinders  revolving  together,  the  upper 
one  being  provided  with  punches,  and  the  lower  one  with  counterpart 
holes.  As  the  sheet  is  passed  between  them,  the  holes  are  made,  and 
the  little  disks  of  paper  fall  into  the  hollow  lower  roller.  The  machine 


FINISHING  ROOM. 

in  use  here  is  susceptible  of  being  adjusted  to  work  of  almost  any 
character  or  size. 

FINISHING  ROOM. 

The  “finishing”  of  a book  consists  in  adding  the  ornamentation 
which  may  have  previously  been  determined  upon.  The  style  of 
ornamentation  depends  solely  upon  the  taste,  skill,  and  judgment  of 
the  master-binder.  It  may  be,  as  he  determines,  very  simple,  or  very 
expensive  and  tedious ; and  practically  there  is  no  limit  to  the  styles  or 
forms  that  may  be  adopted.  The  work  here,  however,  being  mostly 


Fig.  33.— stabbing  MACHINE. 


Government  Printing  Office.  139 

of  a substantial  character,  and  for  preservation  more  than  for  the  dec- 
oration of  libraries,  is  generally  done  in  the  plainest  styles,  or  with  but 
little  ornamentation. 

The  finishers  are  located  in  the  new  wing  of  the  1879  addition,  and 
number  59  persons,  all  males.  No  machinery  is  required  in  the  finish- 
ing department,  as,  from  its  character,  it  must  be  done  with  the  hand, 
and  demands  not  only  skill,  but  a high  degree  of  art.  All  the  leather- 
bound  books  are  finished  here.  In  no  other  establishment,  we  believe. 


Fig.  34.— backing  MACHINE. 

is  there  so  much  lettering  done  on  the  backs  of  books.  Some  of  them, 
when  finished,  have  the  appearance  of  a table  of  contents.  This  large 
amount  of  lettering  becomes  necessary,  however,  from  the  fact  that 
half  a dozen  or  more  books  are  often  bound  in  one  volume.  The 
work  requires  great  skill  and  intelligence,  as  the  books  are  of  all 
languages,'  and  are,  of  course,  lettered  in  the  language  in  which  the 
text  is  printed. 


140 


Public  Printing  and  the 


MACHINERY. 

Figs.  i8  and  19.  Ruling  Machines. — The  former  is  a single  and  the 
latter  a double  Ruling  Machine,  and  those  in  use  in  this  office  were 
manufactured  by  W.  O.  Hickok,  of  Harrisburg,  Pa.  The  principle 
of  the  Ruling  Machine  is  described  elsewhere  in  this  chapter. 

Figs.  20  and  21.  Embossing  Presses. — These  presses  are  used  for 
ornamenting  the  backs  or  sides  of  books  bound  in  leather  or  cloth. 
They  are  manufactured  by  E.  R.  and  T.  W.  Sheridan,  25  Centre 
street.  New  York. 


Fig.  22.  Plow  and  Press. — This  is  an  implement  for  trimming  off 
the  edges  of  books,  etc.  Knight’s  Mechanical  Dictionary  describes  it 


Fig.  35.— BINDERS’  ROTARY  BOARD  CUTTER. 


as  consisting  of  two  cheeks  connected  together  by  two  guides,  and  a 
screw  passing  through  both  cheeks.  In  one  of  the  cheeks  is  fi.xed  a 
cutting  blade.  The  book  to  be  plowed  is  inserted  between  two  boards 
in  the  press,  the  edges  of  the  sheets  projecting  sufficiently,  and  one  of 
the  cheeks  placed  in  a groove  in  the  press,  which  serves  to  guide  its 
motion.  The  plow  is  moved  back  and  forth,  and  the  cheek  carrying 
the  cutter  advanced  toward  the  other  by  turning  the  screw,  cutting  a 
longitudinal  strip  from  the  edge  of  the  book  at  each  forward  motion 
until  its  whole  surface  has  been  planed  off. 

Figs.  23  and  23}^  are  Book  Sawing  Machines,  and  are  used  for  saw- 
ing a groove  in  the  backs  of  books  to  admit  twine  bands  on  which  the 
books  are  sewed. 


Governmerit  Printing  Office.  141 

Fig.  24.  Table  Shears. — Are  used  for  cutting  binders’  boards  for 
covers,  etc. 

Figs.  25  and  26. — The  former  is  a sewing  bench  for  sewing  ordinary 
books  or  pamphlets  that  are  to  be  bound  ; and  the  latter  is  for  heavy 
blank  books. 

lig.  27.  Sutcliff  Numbering  and  Paging  Machine. — These  machines, 
of  which  there  are  17  in  operation  in  this  office,  combine  some  specially 
new  features,  which  render  them  the  most  valuable  and  economical 
machines  now  in  use.  One  special  feature  is  that  the  paper,  while 
being  numbered,  can  drop  between  the  table  and  the  frame ; and  the 
figure  heads  are  so  constructed  that,  in  addition  to  being  by  far  the 
simplest  in  use,  the  wear  and  tear  is  so  much  less  that  one  head  will 
outwear  two  of  other  machines.  The  machines  are  easily  taken  care 
of,  and  readily  changed  and  adjusted.  They  are  manufactured  by 
John  Campbell  & Co.,  164  William  street.  New  York. 

Fig.  28  (see  also  Fig.  12).  Acme  Automatic  a7id  Foot  Clamping 
Cutter. — This  is  C.  C.  Child’s  lately  improved  Automatic  Foot  Clamp- 
ing Cutting  Machine.  This  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  improvements 
ever  put  on  a cutting  machine.  It  enables  the  operator  to  bring  the 
clamp  down  to  a mark,  while  his  hands  may  be  occupied  with  the  work; 
or  with  it  he  can  hold  unstable  piles  until  they  are  fairly  clamped  by 
the  self-clamping  part.  It  is  moved  very  quickly  and  easily,  and  can  be 
used  to  instantly  add  to  the  pressure  of  the  self-clamping  part.  It 
leaves  the  self-clamping  part  entirely  free  to  clamp  the  work,  relieving 
the  operator  of  all  the  hard  work,  and  thereby  increasing  the  speed  by 
which  work  can  be  cut.  The  engraving  also  shows  the  new  style  of 
band  wheel  for  moving  the  back  gauge.  Either  of  these  improvements 
can  be  added  to  any  style  or  size  of  the  Acme  Cutter.  These  machines 
are  used  in  the  Bindery,  in  the  Folding  Room,  and  in  the  Press  Room, 
for  the  purpose  of  cutting  blanks  and  blank  books. 

Fig.  29.  Se7)iple  Cutti7ig  Machine. — This  machine  is  used  exclusively 
for  trimming  the  edges  of  printed  books  and  pamphlets,  and  for  the 
purpose  it  has  no  superior  in  the  market.  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Semple, 
Lowell,  Mass.,  manufacturer. 

Fig.  30.  Knife  Griridi/ig  Machme. — This  is  an  illustration  of  a ma- 
chine in  use  in  the  Bindery  for  grinding  large  knives  for  cutting  paper. 
It  grinds  them  with  remarkable  accuracy  and  speed,  and  is  what  has 
long  been  needed  by  large  establishments.  Manufactured  by  Hickok, 
Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Fig.  31.  The  Wire  Book  Sewi7ig  Machines  in  use  in  the  Government 
Printing  Office  were  invented  by  Messrs.  Brehmer  Bros.,  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  Some  200  machines  are  at  the  present  time  in  operation  in  the 
larger  establishments  of  America  and  Europe ; and  the  fact  that  all 


142  Public  Printing  and  Government  Printing  Office. 

those  firms  who  have  tried  them,  and  who  have  work  enough,  are  con 
tinually  adding  more,  gives  the  best  proof  that  they  answer  their  pur- 
pose, and  that  it  pays  well  to  use  them.  The  special  features  and 
advantages  claimed  by  the  manufacturers  of  these  machines  are;  i. 
That  the  book  sections  are  secured  to  the  binding  tapes  or  crash  with 
superior  tinned  iron  wire,  instead  of  thread,  thereby  insuring  an  almost 
invaluable  increase  of  strength.  2.  That  any  kind  of  work,  whether 
school  books,  literary  books,  music  books,  or  pamphlets,  as  also  account 
books,  from  the  smallest  32010  to  the  largest  bank  ledger  of  Imperial 
or  even  Colombier  size,  can  be  bound  with  equal  facility  and  perfec- 
tion. 3.  That,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  sewing  is  done  through  the 
fold  of  each  section  independently,  it  makes  no  difference  whether  the 
number  of  sections  be  few  or  many,  one  or  a hundred,  thick  or  thin 
paper.  4.  That  they  occupy  but  very  little  space  (about  as  much  as 
two  hand-sewers).  5.  That,  in  point  of  time,  from  four  to  ten  fold 
more  work  can  be  done  by  the  machines  than  by  the  former  process. 
6.  That  the  material  used  generally  does  not  exceed  in  cost  that  which  is 
required  for  hand-sewing.  7.  That  they  require  very  little  power  (6-10 
machines  per  horse-power).  8.  That  they  are  not  often  subject  to  re- 
pairs, an  occasional  sharpening  of  the  wire-cutting  apparatus  being  all 
that  is  needed  to  keep  them  in  good  running  order.  9.  That  books 
bound  by  them  open  flat,  and  receive  a more  regular  and  durable  form 
than  can  possibly  be  acquired  by  any  other  process.  The  right  of  sale 
of  these  machines  for  the  United  States  is  in  the  hands  of  the  Wire 
Book  Sewing  Machine  Company,  South  Seventh  street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Fig.  32.  Standing  Press. — Immediately  after  books  are  bound,  they 
are  put  in  presses,  such  as  shown  in  our  illustration,  and  submitted  to 
powerful  pressure,  to  prevent  them  from  warping.  The  longer  they 
can  remain  in  these  presses,  with  the  power  applied,  the  better  it  is  for 
the  appearance  of  the  bound  book.  There  are  36  of  these  presses  in  use 
in  the  office.  The  illustration  represents  W.  O.  Hickok’s  No.  5 Press. 

Fig.  33.  Stabbing  Machine. — This  machine  is  used  for  puncturing 
holes  in  a pile  of  folded  signatures  to  enable  the  thread  to  be  inserted 
in  sewing  the  several  sheets  together,  and  is  used  as  a cheap  substitute 
for  sewing  together  folded  signatures.  After  the  holes  have  been  made 
in  the  signatures,  they  are  passed  to  a sewer,  who  inserts  the  thread  by 
means  of  a large  needle,  and  securely  fastens  the  two  ends  together. 

Fig.  34  is  a Backing  Machine. 

Fig.  35.  Binders'  Rotary  Board  Cutter. — Is  used  for  cutting  binders’ 
boards  for  book  covers.  The  boards  are  laid  upon  a table  and  pushed 
up  against  the  gauge,  which  has  previously  been  set  for  the  width  of 
the  pieces  to  be  cut.  The  machine  is  run  by  steam  power,  and  does 
the  work  very  rapidly. 


APPENDIX. 


LIST  OF  EMPLOYES. 
Foreman  of  Printing,  A.  H.  S.  Davis. 


DOCUMENT  ROOM. 

Assistant  Foremen,  J.  M.  A.  Spottswood,  R.  W.  Kerr. 


Ackerman,  G.  H. 

Byington,  S.  McL. 

Dunbar,  John  T. 

Adams,  Sydney. 

Callahan,  Geo.  A. 

Dunlap,  0.  F. 

Alexander,  C.  J. 

Cavis,  A.  T. 

Etchberger,  C.  E. 

Alexander,  Oscar. 

Chase,  W.  E. 

Evans,  W.  T. 

Eaker,  F.  B. 

Chedal,  J.  D. 

Eve,  C.  W. 

Baltzell,  John. 

Chew,  W.  P. 

Eynon,  E.  B. 

Bangs,  D.  C. 

Clark,  J.  B. 

Fallon,  Edw.  J. 

Barnum,  Wm. 

Claxton,  Rich’d  W. 

Farrington,  C.  E. 

Barrett,  M.  F. 

Coheane,  John  C. 

Ferguson,  John  T. 

Barrows,  B.  F. 

Cole,  W.  H. 

Ferrier,  Sam’l. 

Bawn,  James. 

Connolly,  John  F. 

Fields,  Thos.  M. 

Baxter,  Frank  A. 

Corning,  A.  E. 

Fleury,  J.  F. 

Beall,  Seward. 

Cowie,  A.  T. 

Flinn,  Wm. 

Beatty,  Alex.  P. 

Cox,  Geo.  W. 

Flynn,  Flerbert  S. 

Berry,  Geo. 

Craig,  J.  M. 

Foresman,  H.  All. 

Bixler,  J.  M. 

Crooker,  W.  L. 

Franklin,  Benj. 

Boernstein,  FI.  X. 

Crowley,  M.  L. 

Fuller,  I. 

Boner,  John  H. 

Crutchet,  J.  E. 

Furlong,  John. 

Boss,  John  P. 

Danenhower,  Chas. 

Furmage,  W.  A. 

Bowen,  And.  J. 

Davis,  C.  H. 

Gilmore,  C.  F. 

Boyd,  Wm.  M. 

Davis,  S.  M. 

Grant,  J.  F. 

Brewer,  Wallace. 

Davison,  H.  L. 

Gray,  Geo.  R. 

Brock,  W.  H. 

Deloe,  W.  W. 

Gray,  H.  W. 

Brosnahan,  M. 

Denison,  E.  W. 

Green,  Geo.  H. 

Brown,  C.  P. 

Denny,  H.  B. 

Gregory,  Geo. 

Bryant,  Miss  Lou'ue. 

Depue,  Chas.  F. 

Griggs,  A.  S. 

Buckman,  John. 

Dodge,  F.  M. 

Hall,  C.  E. 

Barges,  W.  G. 

Drew,  Benjamin. 

Hall,  J.  N. 

Burklin,  Geo. 

Doling,  W.  H. 

Hammar,  G.  F. 

Burnside,  J.  S. 

Dummer,  Geo.  E. 

Hanleiter,  C.  R. 

(143) 


144 


Public  Printing  and  the 


Harding,  C.  T. 
Harper,  J.  H. 
Heffelfinger,  Wil. 
Henry,  W.  C. 
Henshaw,  C.  W. 
Herman,  S.  H. 
Heron,  J.  J. 
Higgins,  Jno.  J. 
Hill,  F.  M. 
Holden,  Aug.  R. 
Hoover,  E.  C. 
Hosman,  Miss  A. 
Howard,  Geo.  W. 
Howard,  T.  W. 
Hughes,  Thomas. 
Ingalls,  Albert  E. 
Irving,  Amos. 
Irwin,  Miss  M.  A. 
Jamison,  I.  J. 
Johnson,  C.  T. 
Kahlert,  J.  H. 
Kearney,  James. 
Kearney,  Thos. 
Keefer,  H.  A. 
Kemon,  F.  C. 
Kendig,  M.  H. 
Kerr,  R.  VV.,  jr. 
Keyser,  H.  F. 
Kibble,  J.  M. 
King,  W.  A. 

King,  W.  Marden. 
Langston,  R.  E. 
Lathrop,  F.  B. 
Laurenzi,  Geo. 
Lefranc,  Remy. 
Lewis,  C.  M. 
Liggett,  W.  P. 
Livermore,  W.  H. 
Lowdermilk,  U.  S. 
Lustig,  Chas. 
Maguire,  F.  Z. 
Mahan,  Jas.  B. 
Mahoney,  J.  A. 


Major,  Harry  B. 
Malone,  Edward. 
Maloney,  J.  M. 
Maxwell,  B.  F. 
McDermott,  Jno.  P'. 
McDowell,  J.  G. 
McElfresh,  H. 
McFadden,  Wm.  H. 
McFarlane,  W. 
McKean,  H.  B. 
McLean,  A. 
McMahon,  T. 
McNeir,  Geo.  A.  R. 
McPherson,  C.  D. 
Minor,  C.  L. 

Mullan,  Samuel  E. 
Mundheim,  Albert  K. 
Murray,  Jos.  V. 
Myers,  D.  G. 

Nelson,  J.  B. 
Nicholson,  J.  T. 
Norton,  Wm.  H. 
Nothnagel,  H.  A. 
Nott,  E. 

Oberley,  P.  C. 
O’Connell,  Jeremiah. 
O’Rourke,  J.  W. 

Otis,  Chas.  W. 

Park,  Frank  E. 
Parran,  C.  S. 
Patterson,  E.  H. 
Patterson,  L.  H. 
Pearson,  Aven. 

Petrie,  L. 

Phillips,  S.  J. 

Pierce,  W.  L. 

Platt,  Hamilton. 
Poler,  John  S. 
Quantrille,  A.  R. 
Quein,  J.  C. 
Randolph,  A.  F. 
Randolph,  W.  F. 
Redfield,  Edw. 


Rhoderick,  F.  A. 
Riddle,  A.  E. 
Ridgaway,  J.  M. 
Robinson,  C.  M. 
Robinson,  J.  K. 
Rodrick,  W.  F. 

Ross,  Zidon  E. 
Sardo,  Joe. 

Scaggs,  E.  C. 

Scaggs,  James  F'. 
Schell,  C.  W. 
Schmalhoff,  W.  L. 
Schoepf,  J.  H. 

Scott,  J.  A. 

Sefton,  Wm.  C. 
Sewall,  J.  Franklin. 
Shaw,  O. 

Sherman,  J.  W. 
Shomo,  H.  L. 
Shomo,  O.  V. 

Silvey,  R.  H. 

Slentz,  J.  L. 

Slentz,  T.  S. 

Smith,  E.  C. 

Smith,  P.  H. 

Smith,  M'.  O. 
Snyder,  Harry  L. 
Snyder,  J.  W. 
Spedden,  Ed.  M. 
Spencer,  Chas. 
Stevens,  M.  V.  B. 
Stewart,  Frank  I. 
Stitt,  F.  B. 

Stitt,  F.  U. 

St.  John,  F.  M. 
Swan,  Benj.  A. 
Sweeney,  W.  H. 
Taylor,  A.  H. 
Tebbetts,  A.  W. 
Thomas,  E.  H. 
Thompson,  Chas.  O. 
Thompson,  W.  E. 
Thomson,  A. 


145 


Goveriwicnt  Printing  Office. 


Thomson,  C.  P. 

Watson,  W.  H. 

Wilson,  C.  H. 

Towers,  D.  I. 

Webb,  Geo.  J. 

Wilson,  R.  B. 

Towers,  William. 

Weber,  John. 

Wilson,  R.  J. 

Towers,  W.  H. 

Wehrly,  Sam’l. 

Wilver,  John  P. 

Travis,  F.  W. 

West,  E.  S. 

Woodward,  L. 

'Turner,  J.  A.  D. 

Wheat,  E.  M. 

Woodward,  M.  R. 

Wall,  S.  R. 

White,  Theo.  P. 

Wright,  B.  C. 

Walton,  D.  S. 

Whittington,  G.  T. 

Wright,  John. 

Warren,  Edward. 
Waterman,  C.  A. 

Wiler,  E.  S. 

Young,  W. 

PIECE  DEPARTMENT. 

William  H.  Norton, in 

charge. 

Alexander,  C.  O. 

Farden,  Wm.  PI. 

McArdle,  H.  F. 

Allen,  0.  S. 

Fealy,  Thomas. 

Mclntire,  J.  A. 

Atwell,  W.  R. 

Feehan,  Patrick. 

Melson,  John. 

Bailey,  Geo.  W.  Y. 

Fisher,  Edw.  Y. 

Miller,  Chas.  R. 

Bass,  Louis. 

Flagg,  Ed.,  jr. 

Moss,  W.  H. 

Beach,  S.  S. 

Garner,  J.  P. 

Myers,  Ellis  G. 

Bohn,  W.  A. 

Goodloe,  K.  S. 

Patterson,  L.  H. 

Boyce,  I.  D. 

Gorman,  Jas.  0. 

Perley,  Samuel. 

Bray,  R.  T. 

Gosorn,  T.  H. 

Risdon,  J.  R. 

Brodie,  C.  C. 

Graham,  PI.  A. 

Rogers,  Joseph. 

Brown,  F.  W. 

Greenwood,  R.  M. 

Sandy,  T.  D. 

Burnside,  R.  W. 

Griswold,  W.  A. 

Schwrar,  C.  K. 

Campbell,  J.  B. 

Harvie,  L.  A. 

Serra,  H.  A. 

Chisholm,  R.  F. 

TTenderson,  W. 

Shiel,  Thos.  W. 

Clarke,  B.  F. 

Hodges,  G.  W. 

Simms,  R.  F. 

Cook,  A.  G. 

Judge,  J.  J. 

Smoot,  E.  D. 

Cook,W.  J. 

Kirby,  Samuel  G. 

Stanford,  W.  W. 

Crow,  J.  A. 

Kirkland,  Wm. 

Taylor,  J.  T. 

Curtis,  J.  L. 

Klopfer,  N.  W. 

Towers,  S.  A. 

Davison,  E.  W. 

Tanning,  0.  N. 

'Tuohy,  A.  G. 

Dennesson,  W.  H. 

Laporte,  F.  F. 

Walker,  Henry. 

De  Vaughn,  C.  J. 

Larcombe,  T.  D. 

Waters,  R.  M. 

Dutrow,  Jas.  Q. 

Lewis,  Frank. 

Welty,  Jas.  L. 

Ellegood,  J.  E. 

Linton,  W.  A. 

Williamson,  Jas.  B 

Estill,  C.  L. 

Martin,  Herman. 

lO 


Public  Printing  and  the 


1 46 


PRESS  ROOM. 

O.  H.  Reed,  Assistant  Foreman  in  charge. 
A.  J.  Donaldson,  Assistant. 


Males. 

Barrett,  Morris. 
Bede,  Jas.  W. 

Bell,  Wm. 

Benjamin,  W.  T. 
Bennett,  Thos.  D. 
Blair,  F.  P. 

Bradley,  Chas.  D. 
Brown,  Jefferson. 
Brown,  S.  T. 
Burnside,  John. 
Bush,  John. 
Cameron,  Wm.  S. 
Carr,  W.  H. 

Cassard,  L.  A. 
Clarkson,  John  F. 
Coakley,  Benj. 

Cole,  Geo.  W. 

Cole,  Ira  E. 

Cross,  R.  T. 
Cushley,  John  A. 
Denham,  D.  H. 

Dial,  Frank. 
Donaldson,  Wm. 
Dorsey,  Samuel. 
Dorster,  John  N. 
Dougherty,  Michael. 
Douglas,  Alex. 

Duff,  Edward. 
Dunne,  W.  G. 
Ellsworth,  N.  T. 
Erdman,  Geo.  T. 
Evans,  Henry. 
Farrington,  Wm. 
Fitnam,  T.  H. 
Fletcher,  Chas. 
Fletcher,  W.  H. 
Foskey,  Geo.  H. 
Foskey,  Moses. 


Fraser,  Frank. 
Friery,  Michael. 
Furbershaw,  J.  H. 
Glick,  Geo.  C. 
Gordon,  G. 
Graham,  A.  W. 
Gray,  Andrew. 
Gray,  James. 

Gray,  R.  A. 

Green,  J.  S. 
Griffin,  Harry  C. 
Guillot,  Adolphe. 
Haddock,  C.  C. 
Hall,  Columbus. 
Harris,  Jas.  R. 
Holmes,  Benj. 
Horning,  J.  E. 
Houck,  Rob’t  J. 
Hurley,  Sam’l. 
Hutchison,  Wm. 
Hyatt,  Thos.  B. 
lardella,  L.  A. 
Jackson,  J.  C. 
Jones,  A.  H. 
Jones,  Jno.  W. 
Jordan,  Sylvester. 
Keck,  Julius  N. 
Kelsey,  Alanson. 
Kreamer,  Geo.  W. 
Lamb,  Wm.  L. 
Lang,  Wm. 

Louis,  M.  A.  W. 
Lydick,  J.  D. 
Maher,  Ed.  C. 
Maher,  Thos.  T. 
Martin,  W.  P. 
Metcalf,  John. 
Miller,  Will  E. 
Mulloy,  G.  W. 


Murphy,  Wm.  H. 
Noel,  John  A. 
Owings,  Thos.  H. 
Oyster,  Geo. 
Parsons,  C.  D. 
Patterson,  Jas.  A. 
Pitchlynn,  Thos. 
Porter,  R.  A. 

Preall,  A.  J. 

Price,  Geo.  R. 
Pursell,  J.  T.  B. 
Randolph,  John. 
Reed,  O.  H. 

Reeves,  D.  C. 
Reynolds,  Wm. 
Riley,  Wm.  C. 
Roberts,  John. 
Robinson,  F.  J. 
Robinson,  Alanson. 
Robinson,  Sam’l. 
Russell,  Lewis. 
Sardo,  A.  E. 

Sardo,  A.  E.,  jr. 
Saunders,  Wm.  E. 
Seymour,  Wm.  S. 
Simmonds,  R.  W. 
Smith,  J.  E. 

Soules,  E.  C. 
Stebbins,  W.  H. 
Swift,  G.  W. 
Talbert,  John. 
Thomas,  Lewis. 
Thompson,  Geo.  H, 
Whitaker,  J.  T. 
Willard,  G.  T. 
Williams,  H.  T. 
Williams,  Robt. 
Winne,  E.  L. 


Government  P}'inting  Opice. 


M 


Females. 

Allison,  Martha. 
Antrim,  S.  M. 
Baldwin,  Sallie. 
Barnes,  Ellen. 
Bartlett,  Bettie. 
Baylie,  Jennie. 

Benter,  Maria. 
Bickford,  B.  C. 

Blush,  Mary. 

Bosley,  Adelaide. 
Boynton,  Unetta. 
Braunlien,  Carrie. 
Burke,  Catharine. 
Callaghan,  Mary. 
Carlisle,  Josephine. 
Carpenter,  Annie. 
Chaney,  M.  I. 

Clark,  Victoria. 
Clarke,  Effie. 
Clements,  Cecilia. 
Cox,  Emma. 

Cremen,  Delia. 
Cromelien,  Amelia  E. 
Crupper,  Lucy  R. 
Cunningham,  Mary. 
Curtis,  Maggie. 
Cushley,  M.  T. 
Dement,  Elizabeth. 
Dew,  Etta. 

Duffy,  Maggie. 
Flahavhan,  Libbie  A. 
Garthwait,  Mollie. 
Gaughran,  Annie. 
Gormley,  Margaret. 
Goss,  A.  D. 


Hayes,  Mary. 
Heatley,  Annie. 
Heatley,  Charlotte. 
Hickey,  Johanna. 
Higby,  Celinda. 

Hill,  Mary. 

Hopper,  Nellie. 
Hunter,  Mollie. 
Hurdle,  Mary  A. 
Hutton,  Lola  C. 
Ingersall,  A. 
Johnson,  Virgie. 
Johnston,  Ada  H. 
Johnston,  Lizzie. 
Keenan,  M.  V. 
Krohr,  L. 

Langley,  Ann  D. 
Lee,  Fannie. 

Lisher,  Rebecca. 
Long,  Bettie. 
Marcey,  Jennie. 
McCarty,  Ellen. 
McCauley,  Bettie. 
McCormick,  M.  A. 
McGraw,  Ella. 
McGraw,  Nellie. 
McKie,  Maggie. 
McKinzie,  Liltie  L. 
McNamara,  Bridget. 
McNamara,  Mary  A. 
Miller,  Kate. 

Mills,  Mary. 
Mitchell,  Annie. 
Moore,  Cecelia  A. 
Moore,  Sallie. 

Nally,  Mary. 


Nestor,  Maggie. 
Norfleet,  Minnie. 
Ober,  C.  R. 

O’Brien,  Mary. 
O’Brien,  Mary. 
O’Neal,  Alice. 
Ourand,  Laura  V. 
Place,  Ella. 

Pitts,  Jennie  L. 

Pope,  A.  E. 

Potter,  A.  W. 

Proctor,  E.  M. 

Ragan,  Mary  E. 
Reese,  Emma. 

Reilly,  M. 

Ricksecker,  E.  E. 
Rizer,  Lucy  P. 
Schermerhorn,  C. 
Scriver,  Addie. 

Sinon,  Susie  V. 
Sisson,  S.  E. 

Slagle,  Mary  L. 
Slentz,  Anna  M. 
Sullivan,  Maggie. 
Swain,  Emma. 
Sweeney,  Margaret. 
Tenley,  Hattie  V. 
Tompkins,  Henrietta. 
Travers,  H.  A. 
Trunnel,  Mary. 
Turner,  H.  A. 

Van  Arsdale,  Ida. 
Warner,  M.  E. 
Watson,  Susan  C. 
Wheeler,  M.  V. 

Wise,  Mary  H. 


M.-ICHINE  AND  CARPENTER  SHOP. 
M.  T.  Lincoln,  Chief  Engineer  in  charge. 


Boteler,  L.  I. 

Gayle,  Robt.  E. 

Lincoln,  Chas.  A. 

Boulter,  Fred. 

Hughes,  Ellis. 

Robinson,  Wni. 

Bundy,  A.  A. 

Hughes,  Jas.  W. 

Simonds,  R.  C. 

Carrier,  A.  L. 

Jewett,  Lewis  T. 

148 


Public  Printing  and  the 
JOB  OR  EXECUTIVE  PRINTING  ROOM. 


H.  Groshon,  Assistant  Foreman  in  charge. 


Alleger,  Thos.  J. 

Donaldson,  W.  B. 

McClintock,  Jas.  D 

Atkinson,  G.  B. 

Doughty,  0.  W. 

Mellis,  J.  C. 

Baker,  W.  S. 

Dunnington,  Geo.  A. 

Mickle,  J.  R. 

Bates,  Sidney  T. 

Ells,  W.  H. 

Miles,  C.  J, 

Baum,  W.  R. 

Fleet,  B.  D. 

Nagle,  Levi. 

Becker,  P.  M. 

Fletcher,  J.  H. 

O’Neill,  F.  C. 

Boulden,  Robert. 

Fugitt,  Benj. 

Pritchard,  Frank. 

Bowen,  G.  W. 

Gawler,  Jos.  C. 

Proctor,  Geo.  H. 

Bowman,  S.  S. 

Goodrich,  John. 

Sample,  A.  R. 

Bright,  J.  E. 

Greenwood,  James. 

Shomo,  W.  H. 

Bruce,  D.  W. 

Harries,  Geo.  H. 

Silvey,  A.  0. 

Burnside,  F.  E. 

Haslam,  Geo.  T. 

Smith,  Jeff. 

Cady,  L.  M. 

Hatch,  L.  D. 

Spurgeon,  T.  C. 

Clarke,  W.  Y. 

Howland,  G.  W. 

Summers,  Chas.  W. 

Coburn,  E. 

Howie,  C.  A. 

Tyrrell,  John  P. 

Covey,  D.  M. 

Hutchinson,  W.  H. 

Underwood,  H.  C. 

Davies,  Frank, 

Johnson,  L.  C. 

White,  Robt.  H. 

Deneane,  Jos.  ^\^ 

Keefe,  J.  E. 

Work,  Jno.  W. 

Depue,  Geo.  M. 

Marsh,  F.  A. 

Wright,  B.  F. 

Dewar,  W.  C. 

John  D. 

SPECIFICATION  ROOM. 

Eskew,  Assistant  Foreman  in  charge. 

Arnold,  H.  H. 

Dodge,  W.  A. 

Jones,  A.  M. 

Austin,  James. 

Eberbach,  Edward. 

Jullien,  L.  H. 

Baker,  C.  W. 

Fechtig,  L.  R. 

Lackey,  J.  J. 

Barr,  M.  W. 

Fowler,  G.  W. 

Lavalette,  W.  A. 

Boss,  C.  P. 

Garrett,  Johnson. 

Lewis,  Clarence. 

Bradley,  J.  R. 

Garrett,  J.  L. 

Lewis,  J.  T. 

Brandon,  G.  R. 

Giusta,  Wm. 

Mace,  T.  M. 

Burke,  L.  L. 

Gourlay,  J.  S. 

Maloney,  F.  T. 

Burnham,  E.  J. 

Grady,  Daniel. 

Marriott,  E.  L. 

Bell,  S.  H. 

Grigg,  H.  B. 

Marston,  A.  P. 

Brashears,  F.  A. 

Grumley,  E.  C. 

Martin,  C.  X. 

Briggs,  William. 

Hall,  G.  W. 

Martin,  H.  C. 

Caton,  P.  A. 

Hamilton,  J.  P. 

IMaupin,  J.  F. 

Cox,  N.  J. 

Harford,  G. 

McAvoy,  W.  F. 

Campbell,  J.  D. 

Heath,  T.  K. 

McCoy,  Henry. 

Campbell,  R.  FT. 

Hunnicutt,  G.  J.  S. 

McGowan,  T. 

Carter,  J.  W. 

Johnson,  George  S. 

McKeever,  H.  H. 

Dodge,  J.  L. 

Johnston,  S. 

McKnight,  A.  D. 

Govenime.nt  Printing  Office. 


149 


Miller,  W.  H. 

Mills,  J.  S. 
Montgomery,  J.  M. 
Morse,  J.  P. 

Nelson,  W.  H. 
Palmer,  Jos.  W. 
Perkins,  G.  AV. 
Platt,  Amos. 
Prather,  Lloyd. 
Pomeroy,  J.  W. 


Priddy,  AV.  T. 
Reid,  T.  P. 
Richards,  J.  M, 
Rowell,  D.  P. 
Scott,  E.  L. 
Sinn,  J.  L. 
Smith,'  C.  AV. 
Snyder,  F.  P. 
Stuart,  AA'.  M. 


Tarlton,  H.  C. 
Topham,  R.  B. 
Taylor,  Samuel. 
Torrey,  L. 
Towers,  J.  AL  R. 
AATbb,  A.  AV. 
AVilkins,  F.  P. 
AA^ood,  T.  B. 
Young,  S.  K. 


FOLDING  ROOM 


Thos.  B.  Penicks,  Superintendent. 
Geo.  Fordham,  Assistant. 


Males. 

Bailey,  John  F. 

Bain,  Jno.  J. 

Bates,  G.  AV. 

Beall,  Alpha  B. 

Berry,  Richard. 

Bond,  Geo.  M. 
Burgess,  I.  P. 

Burnett,  N.  P. 
Ghambers,  J.  Paul. 
Glarke,  AV.  S. 
Coombs,  Jos.  L. 
Dutton,  J.  AAh 
Fagleston,  Alexander. 
Flannery,  J.  A. 

Folck,  Geo.  AA’. 

Foos,  AVm.  D. 

Frank,  Luther  R. 
Gwin,  Harry  A. 
Harford,  R.  B. 
Hayne,  Jas.  T. 

Heck,  AVm.  C. 
Hervey,  Rob’t. 
Hogan,  Andrew. 
Houghton,  A.  J. 
Keefe,  Owen. 

Lacey,  Jas.  T. 
Lathrop,  N.  M.  B. 
Lee,  John. 


Moran,  H.  C. 

Moran,  AAh  H. 
McCathran,  D. 
McGivern,  Daniel  C. 
McKenna,  Jas. 
Ortlip,  Chas.  J. 
Parlin,  Edward  H. 
Pearson,  G.  L. 
Pocher,  Simon. 

Raub,  Geo.  M. 
Reynolds,  Hod. 
Rock,  A.  J. 

Sikken,  E.  A. 
Simpson,  Josiah. 
Steele,  Rush  C. 
Sullivan,  T.  M. 

Tafe,  J.  A. 

Venable,  J.  L. 
AAAshburn,  H.  S. 
AAAtson,  Henry  C. 
AA’ebster,  AAk  F. 
AVeckerly,  John. 
AA''ooley,  Geo.  C. 

Females. 
Adams,  A.  S. 
Ambrose,  M. 
Andrews,  L.  L. 
Arnold,  G. 

Atchison,  A. 


Bacon,  A.  AV. 
Bailey,  I.  M. 
Baker,  R.  V. 
Baker,  F. 

Ball,  Isabella. 
Banks,  E.  E. 
Barrett,  A. 

Barry,  J. 

Bates,  C. 
Bauman,  S.  K. 
Bayliss,  M.  A. 
Beatty,  Jane. 
Belshaw,  N.  E. 
Birth,  E.  J. 
Blair,  S.  J. 
Bowie,  A.  H. 
Bowie,  M.  E. 
Bowie,  S.  M. 
Boyle,  M. 
Breslin,  J. 

Brown,  Emma. 
Brumagim,  E.  M 
Bryan,  Carrie. 
Bryan,  M. 

Bryan,  M.  L. 
Burdette,  Edella. 
Burgess,  Belle. 
Burgess,  M.  A. 
Burnett,  L.  M. 


Public  Prmting  and  the 


150 

Burwell,  ().  K. 
Burr,  J.  A. 
Burrows,  Mollie  E. 
Butler,  A. 

Carter,  Belle. 
Carrico,  Emma. 
Cary,  Julia  F. 
Chapman,  M.  C. 
Chapman,  S.  A. 
Chase,  F. 
Chritzman,  B.  L. 
Clancy,  M.  A. 
Clark,  E.  N. 
Clarkson,  M. 
Collins, 

Collins,  S. 
Conover,  F.  W. 
Connell,  M. 
Connelley,  M. 
Connor,  J. 

Cook,  M. 

Cook,  Mattie. 
Corbin,  M. 
Courtney,  M. 
Cowan,  Ann. 
Cowing,  O.  A. 
Cronin,  K. 

Cross,  L.  M. 

Cross,  Ada  M. 
Crow,  S.  M. 

Daily,  C. 

Daily,  H. 

Daly,  A. 

Dame,  A.  S. 
Darby,  M. 

Dart,  L.  J. 

Davis,  L.  H 
Davis,  A.  L. 

Davis,  Maggie  B. 
Davis,  E. 
Dickinson,  E.  A. 
Dickson,  S. 

Diggs,  N. 


Dinger,  Ida. 
Doherty,  M. 
Donnelly,  M. 
Dorsey,  F. 
Downing,  J.  H. 
Duffy,  B. 

Dunne,  K. 
Dutrow,  A. 

Dwyer,  O. 

Edelen,  S. 

Edelen,  I.  M. 
Edmonston,  L.  T. 
Elliot,  J. 

Ellis,  I.  R. 
Elwood,  M. 

Essex,  E.  J. 
Farrell,  M. 

Faubel,  Alice  H. 
Felix,  L.  M. 
Feltham,  S.  K. 
Fish,  Nellie  E. 
Fisher,  A. 
Flaherty,  M. 
Flanagan,  M.  L. 
Flavin,  K. 
Fleming,  M. 
Flynn,  H.  C. 
Foley,  K.  C. 
Forbes,  J.  B. 

Ford  ham,  M. 
Fowler,  C. 
Franklin,  N.  B. 
Franklin,  V. 
Gartrell,  M. 

Gates,  Belle. 
Ghant,  Annie  E. 
Giberson,  S. 
Gibbs,  M. 

Godey,  C. 
Godwin,  E.  W. 
Gould,  E. 

Gould,  Annie  E. 
Graves,  M. 


Griffith,  A.  I. 
Grinnan,  J.  B. 
Hall,  M. 

Hall,  Annie  L. 
Handebeau,  E. 
Harbin,  M.  C. 
Harner,  Clara  A. 
Harper,  Delia. 
Harper,  L.  V. 
Harper,  E.  J. 
Harper,  M.  A. 
Harris,  F.  V. 
Harrison,  T. 
Hart,  Rose  A. 
Havenner,  E. 
Hayes,  A.  A. 
Hayes,  F.  E. 
Hays,  L. 
Hayward,  S.  E. 
Heffell,  E. 
Henrick,  V. 
Henry,  Mira. 
Hess,  S. 

Higgins,  A. 

Hill,  L. 

Hill,  Eva. 
Hitchcock,  F.  A. 
Hitchcox,  J. 
Hodge,  A. 
Hoffman,  M. 
Holbrook,  M.  A. 
Hopkins,  M.  N. 
House,  Elba. 
Howard,  C. 
Howlin,  J. 
Huber,  M.  C. 
Husted,  S. 
Hutson,  A. 

Jack,  S. 

Jackson,  M.  V. 
Jeffries,  H.  V. 
Johnson,  H. 
Johnson,  M.  .\. 


Governnmit  Pri^iting  Office.  151 


Jones,  M.  W. 

McCarthy,  A. 

Porter,  Sarah  E.  J. 

Jones,  E. 

McChristal,  Annie. 

Porter,  A.  J. 

Jones,  V.  A. 

McFee,  Mattie. 

Proctor,  E.  J. 

Jurix,  S. 

McKenney,  L.  A. 

Pumphrey,  Emma. 

Keefe,  T. 

McLeod,  M.  A. 

Purdy,  M.  V. 

Kennedy,  M.  A. 

McLeod,  M.  J. 

Rabbitt,  I.  E. 

Kennedy,  T.  E. 

McNamara,  M. 

Reapsomer,  K. 

Kennedy,  B. 

McRae,  Annie. 

Reese,  Kate  C. 

Kersey,  S.  E. 

McReynolds,  Mary  J. 

Reid,  M. 

Kirsch,  M. 

Meals,  M.  G. 

Reilly,  D. 

Knapp,  M.  L. 

Moens,  S. 

Richards,  E.  R. 

Knott,  M. 

Mooney,  Katie. 

Ritchie,  R.  S. 

Korts,  R. 

Morris,  Mary  C. 

Robinson,  Julia. 

La  Bide,  M. 

Morrow,  M.  M. 

Rogers,  A. 

Lackey,  E. 

Morse,  H.  H. 

Rogier,  L. 

La  Covey,  Rosa. 

Mulneaux,  D.  A. 

Russell,  L. 

Laden,  E. 

Murphy,  H. 

Ryan,  M.  A. 

La  Fontaine,  J. 

Murphy,  A. 

Sayres,  M.  A. 

Landvoigt,  Eden. 

Murphy,  M. 

Schreiner,  H. 

Lang,  Deda  C. 

Murray,  M.  E.- 

Selvey,  L. 

Langworthy,  L. 

Myers,  Helen  S. 

Sharkey,  E.  F. 

Lansdale,  A.  E. 

Nash,  A.  M. 

Shepherd,  L. 

Laporte,  E. 

Naylor,  L. 

Shepherd,  M.  J. 

Lee,  A.  V. 

Neale,  Mary  J. 

Sherwood,  M.  E. 

Long,  M.  F. 

Nelson,  R. 

Sibley,  M.  A. 

Lord,  D. 

Norbeck,  M.  B. 

Silvers,  L. 

Lowe,  M.  E. 

O’Connor,  M.  T. 

Sinclair,  Lula  J. 

Luckett,  M.  E. 

O’Connor,  Mary  E. 

Smith,  M.  J. 

Lusby,  C. 

O’Neill,  Mary  A. 

Spalding,  M.  T. 

Lusby,  Florence. 

Orme,  Mary  A. 

Speisser,  M E. 

Mac  Namee,  H. 

Owner,  M.  E. 

Stede,  M.  A. 

Maguire  Annie. 

Page.  M. 

Stevens,  K. 

Mallory,  A.  R. 

Palmer,  C. 

Suit,  Laura  F. 

Manning,  Bertha  A. 

Parham,  J.  T. 

Sullivan,  E.  C. 

Mansfield,  J.  E. 

Parrott,  J.  E. 

Sullivan,  A. 

Marche,  E. 

Partridge,  S. 

Sullivan,  M. 

Mapes,  M.  A. 

Phillips,  E.  C. 

Sydnor,  E.  J. 

Martin,  S. 

Phillips,  N.  E. 

Taylor,  A. 

Martin,  Alice. 

Piggott,  A. 

Thomas,  E. 

Martin,  A. 

Plant,  J.  E. 

Thompson,  M.  A. 

Maus,  C. 

Pleasants,  A. 

Toole,  D.  C. 

May,  Sarah  J. 

Pocock,  C.  R. 

Towers,  Florence  B. 

McCarthy,  M.  M. 

Pope,  C. 

Tucker,  L. 

Public  Printino-  and  the 

o 


15^ 

'I'yrrcll,  A.  E. 
Vannattar,  Mollie. 
Waidley,  Clara  L. 
Walker,  Ida. 
Walker,  E.  V. 
Walling,  R. 

Walls,  A.  S. 

Walsh,  M. 

Ward,  M. 

Watson,  R.  A. 


Watson,  J.  E. 
Webster,  H. 
Webster,  G. 
Webster,  E.  I. 
Wells,  E. 

Willard,  Nettie  E. 
Wilson,  J. 

Wilson,  Fannie. 
W'ingate,  N.  M. 


Withers,  F.  M. 
Woodend,  M. 
Woolsey,  Emma. 
Wootton,  K. 
Wright,  C. 
Yates,  J.  I. 
Young,  C.  L. 
Young,  E.  M. 
Zell.  K. 


BRANCH  OFRILE,  INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 

John  T.  Heck,  in  charge. 

Bass,  Wm.  M.  Harrigan,  John  L.  Nealy,  O.  H. 

Brewster,  John  T.  Hoffman,  Frank  F.  Whitford,  Geo.  A. 

Hall,  C.  E.  Hutchinson,  C.  T. 


E I EREOT\ PING  AND  ELECTROTYPING  DEPARl MEN! 
Alex.  Elliott,  Jr.,  Superintendent  in  charge. 


Boyd,  Wm.  J. 
Brown,  Perry. 
Byrd,  Thomas. 
Chase,  H.  W. 
Coburn,  Frank. 
Cowell,  H.  C. 
Daly,  W.  B. 
Detweiler,  W.  T, 
Etchison,  E.  E. 


Gayle,  George. 

Kelly,  W.  B. 

King,  Geo.  S. 
Laporte,  W.  M.' 
Leonard,  David. 
Livingston,  Paul. 
Matthews,  Edward  T. 
Parker,  John  E. 
Perrie,  George  S. 


Quinlan,  Timothy. 
Record,  George. 
Russell,  Charles. 
Russell,  J.  C. 
Rowzee,  S.  L. 
Shomo,  T.  W. 
Smith,  J.  S. 
Y’aters,  Byron. 
Whitmore,  W.  S. 


BRANCH  OFFICE,  TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 
P.  Louis  Rodier,  Assistant  Foreman  in  charge. 


Allison,  W. 
Anderson,  Jno.  G. 
Ashton,  E.  M. 
Belt,  Edward  C. 
Belt,  Wm.  M. 
Boone,  Geo.  R. 
Borland,  Alex.  T. 
Busey,  I.  W. 
Callahan,  A. 

Carr,  John  A. 
Clark,  T.  W. 


Coakley,  G. 

Collum,  James  W. 
Cooke,  Sallie  J. 
Corridon,  Joanna. 
Darby,  S.  C. 
Detweiler,  F.  F. 
Drummond,  Walter. 
Duvall,  Geo.  W. 
English,  Isabel. 
Falconer,  M.  R. 
Foley,  M.  A. 


Frazier,  G.  C. 
Gibbons,  C.  C. 
Gordon,  A. 

Graham,  Florence  J. 
Griffith,  Geo.  W. 
Halleck,  J.  T. 
Holton,  A.  H. 
Hopkins,  C.  A. 
Howell,  Carrie  C. 
Huseman,  .\rdella  B. 
Hunt,  M. 


Government  Printing  Ojfice.  i 


Hunter,  D.  H. 

Nabers,  W.  F. 

Siggers,  Geo. 

Jones,  Win.  L. 

Nicholson,  John  T. 

Simons,  H.  0. 

Joyce,  Mary. 

Nyce,  Cephas. 

Smith,  Chas.  A. 

Klopfer,  E.  J. 

Pleasants,  Edw.  G 

Smith,  Jesse. 

Laskey,  Lulie. 

Pumphrey,  Bettie. 

Sprightley,  P.  S. 

Lehmann,  Henry. 

Pumphrey,  C.  A. 

Stuart,  F.  M. 

Lemmon,  Vincent. 

Riley,  R.  R. 

Swain,  M.  E. 

Lewis,  F.  M. 

Robinson,  A. 

Tulton,  Edith  E. 

Lowrey,  J.  H. 

Rodier,  Henry  T. 

Toner,  E.  T. 

McCollum,  W.  W. 

Rodier,  J.  E.  L. 

Ward,  F.  J. 

McDermot,  Frank. 

Rogers,  Lou. 

Watkins,  C.  D. 

McGuiggan,  A.  J. 

Rowan,  J.  W. 

Watkins,  N. 

Meacham,  Annie  M. 

Schlegel,  Kate  L. 

Williams,  Chas.  A 

Massey,  Florence. 
Morcoe,  Wm.  E. 

Selby,  Wm.  H. 
Settle,  M.  V. 

Wise,  Sam’l  G. 

CONGRESSIONAL  RECORD. 


E.  W.  Oyster,  Assistant  Foreman  in  charge. 


Bates,  Sidney  F. 

D.  W.  Beach,  Assistant. 

Graham,  G.  Wilmer.  Ramsey,  W.  R. 

Benerman,  S.  N. 

Hemingway,  Chas.  B. 

Rogers,  James  B. 

Boss,  James  G. 

Kearns,  S.  M. 

Russell,  E.  J. 

Brooks,  W.  S. 

Law,  John. 

Sanderson,  Chas.  M. 

Caldwell,  Stephen. 

Lewis,  Chas.  H. 

Sherk,  M.  J. 

Campbell,  J.  F. 

Lewis,  F.  M. 

Shissler,  A.  A. 

Chipley,  W.  R. 

Light,  N.  M. 

Simpson,  Thos.  C. 

Conrad,  J.  Warren. 

Mann,  B.  F. 

Spencer,  Geo. 

Cottle,  Al. 

Mattingly,  0.  F. 

Stradley,  L.  P. 

Cyphers,  C.  M. 

Mattingly,  Thos.  J. 

Swiggard,  John  F. 

Depue,  Chas.  F 

McCarthy,  J.  A. 

Talley,  W.  C. 

Dexter,  W.  H. 

McDonald,  H.  A. 

Thomas,  John  W. 

Dickinson,  Wm.  L. 

McGill,  Frank  A. 

Wallace,  F.  B. 

Dickman,  John  B. 

McNelly,  A. 

Walker,  Chas.  W. 

Dinsmore,  S.  N. 

Mendenhall,  E. 

Walsmith,  W.  F. 

Donn,  T.  M. 

Miles,  C.  J. 

Warren,  Charles  N. 

Doyle,  D.  R. 

Mills,  B. 

Watson,  H.  L. 

Eggleston,  J.  M. 

Montgomery,  J.  B. 

Webster,  Geo.  A. 

Ellis,  H.  G. 

Morgan,  Ed. 

Weiss,  W.  J. 

Etter,  x\.  L. 

Myers,  C.  S. 

West,  F.  A. 

Fenton,  Daniel  V. 

Myers,  W.  H. 

Winans,  W.  V. 

Forney,  J.  G. 

Neill,  G.  W. 

Winston,  Wm.  F. 

Frost,  Jos.  E. 

Noyes,  Melvin. 

Work,  H.  L. 

Glass,  P.  P. 

Fainter,  Heber. 

Oi 


154 


Public  Printing  and  the 


J-  I 
J.  w. 

Males. 

Adams,  John. 
Anderson,  Harry. 
Alexander,  Walter. 
Alexander,  Douglas  I 
Bally,  Jas.  K. 

Barnes,  G.  O. 

Beall,  J.  W. 

Bentzler,  Jno.  L. 
Biehl,  Reinhard. 
Bishop,  Varden. 
Blakeney,  Jas.  T. 
Bodensick,  George  H 
Bogia,  Ferd  F. 
Bradley,  W.  E. 

Britt,  G.  S. 

Britt,  Geo.  R.  P. 
Bronaugh,  Frank  H. 
Brunor,  J.  J. 

Buehler,  A.  J. 
Buehler,  J.  Fr. 

Burch,  Geo.  D. 
Burger,  W.  B. 

Byrne,  Peter. 

Byrnes,  John  J. 
Caldwell,  P.  J. 
Carroll,  Michael. 
Casey,  Jos.  E. 
Cassard,  L.  A. 

Caton,  John  P.  D. 
Chaffee,  F.  H. 

Chase,  Henry. 

Chedal,  Wm. 
Clarkson,  W.  F. 
Clinton,  James. 

Cobb,  J.  C. 

Cole,  John. 

Coleman,  George. 
Colignon,  Joseph. 
Colne,  C.  C. 


BINDERY. 

. Roberts,  Foreman  of 
iiTE,  A.  D.  Stidham, 
Connell,  Robt.  A. 
Conner,  Jas.  D. 
Corlies,  Geo. 
Cornwell,  T.  D. 
Craerin,  James  R. 
Crawford,  S.  T. 
Cruso,  William. 
Cunningham,  D.  J. 
Cunningham,  F.  R. 
Cunningham,  Robt.  E 
Davidson,  A.  S. 
Dawson,  W. 
Delevigne,  Arthur  C. 
Denham,  C. 

Denham,  L.  W. 
Dillan,  Noah. 

Dobbs,  H.  C. 
Doherty,  John. 

Donn,  Frank. 
Dowden,  W.  P. 
Dubois,  M.  A. 
Dutcher,  T.  AV. 
Duvall,  James  E. 
Eckart,  H.  T. 
Eckloff,  C.  R. 

Eckloff,  Edwd.  T. 
Elwood,  C.  Thos. 
Espey,  H.  C. 

Espey,  J.  A.  B. 
Fallon,  D.  F. 

Fields,  Chas.  O. 

Fish,  H.  C. 

Fisher,  George  W. 
Fitz-Simons,  A. 

Fox,  J.  W. 

Franz,  C. 

Frisbee,  Arthur  H. 
Fuller,  J.  F. 

Gaisberg,  Wm. 

Gaily,  Jos.  E. 


Binding. 

Assistants. 

Gillon,  P.  C. 
Gleeson,  John  A. 
Glover,  Wm.  M. 
Gordon,  M.  B. 
Graenacher,  C.  L. 
Graham,  J.  H. 
Gray,  J.  W. 

Griffith,  George. 
Griggs,  W.  L. 

,.  Grinnan,  R.  L. 
Hammond,  H. 
Hammond,  Jno.  E. 
Harrison,  J.  W. 
Handley,  Joseph  A. 
Hardester,  T.  J. 
Harris,  Wm.  J. 
Harvey,  Wilson. 
Hayes,  Wm. 

Helff,  John  C. 
Hefferman,  Chas. 
Henry,  A.  A. 

Hess,  G.  H. 

Holl,  E.  A. 

Hobbs,  H.  W. 
Hodges,  John  C. 
Holtzman,  E. 
Howlett,  AVm. 
Hullett,  A.  G. 
Jacobs,  Aug. 

Jones,  J.  J. 

Jordan,  William. 
Joy,  H.  C. 

Johnson,  Hiram. 
Johnston,  W.  T. 
Kane,  J. 

Keech,  L.  P. 
Keegan,  Thomas. 
Kehr,  Henry  J. 
Keleher,  J.  B. 
Kelly,  T.  J. 


Government  Printing-  Office. 


^ 55 


Kelly,  W.  T. 

Kerr,  John. 
Kimmell,  Frank  P. 
King,  Gustave. 
Knight,  John  E. 
Knockey,  C.  A. 
■Knott,  C.  M. 

Knott,  Igns.  M. 
Koehler,  C.  H. 
Koockogey,  Samuel. 
Koon,  H.  R. 
Koontz,  Thos.  L. 
Krener,  Chas.  H. 
Kuhner,  Augustus. 
Lafiferty,  E.  S. 
Landvoigt,  Jno.  A. 
Landvoigt,  A\'.  D. 
Leach,  D.  P. 

Lee,  James. 

Lloyd,  A.  H. 

Logan,  Robert. 
Lybrand,  H.  C. 
Lucas,  Burr. 

Leitch,  John  I. 
Lemon,  Chas. 

Lewis,  S.  W. 

Linker,  H.  S. 

Lowey,  R.  G. 

Luhrs,  Albert  W. 
Lyon,  G.  A. 
Maddren,  Joseph. 
Maddren,  J.  S. 
Maine,  John  H. 
Maloney,  William. 
Marshall,  Wm. 
Martin,  H. 

Mathews,  John. 
Maurer,  George  H. 
May,  Thos.  A. 
McAllister,  Alex. 
McCarty,  J.  R. 
McDevitt,  C. 

Miller,  Will  E. 


Montgomery,  J.  B. 
Moss,  J.  S. 
McCormick,  J.  H. 
McCormick,  Martin. 
McDonald,  J.  T. , jr. 
McGivern,  Henry. 
McKean,  J.  P. 
McLane,  Wm. 
McNamee,  Chas.  A. 
McNamee,  Patrick. 
McPherson,  R.  A. 
Meehan,  J. 

Melville,  Andrew. 
Metcalf,  E.  S. 
Meushaw,  Thos. 
Mdler,  Frank. 

Miner,  John. 

Morgan,  Henry. 
Moore,  R.  W. 

Morris,  John. 
Motherhead,  J.  C. 
Murphy,  Daniel. 
Murphy,  D.  A. 
Murphy,  Wm.  H. 
Nalley,'  W.  W. 

Nally,  James. 

Nash,  E. 

Nicholson,  Wm.  N. 
O’Reilly,  John. 
Orem,  George  W. 
Pancost,  T.  M. 
Paterson,  John  H. 
Peissner,  Joseph  E. 
Pendel,  T.  F. 
Philpitt,  F.  C. 
Pumphrey,  Ed.  P. 
Pyemont,  J.  W. 
Quantrill,  Jos.  G. 
Ratcliff,  J.  L. 
Rathvon,  R.  H. 
Ready,  Geo.  L. 
Reilly,  Wm.  B. 
Reybert,  A. 


Richardson,  W.  H. 
Ringgold,  D.  C. 
Ritchie,  D.  E. 
Roberts,  Richard. 
Robinson,  Jacob. 
Robinson,  Jas.  S. 
Rogier,  Chas.  G. 
Rosewag,  G. 
Rutherford,  Jas.  .V. 
Ryan,  Jas.  A. 

Sage,  H. 

Sanford,  O.  S. 

Scott,  William. 
Sherwood,  C.  R. 
Sholes,  H.  C. 

Sheaff,  W.  S. 

Shettle,  C.  P. 

Siebert,  Frank. 
Siggers,  Geo. 

Slater,  W.  P. 

Smith,  A.  A. 

Smith,  Jas.  B. 

Smith,  Moses. 
Songster,  Thomas. 
Spear,  Hiram. 
Stewart,  Jas. 

Stewart,  Thos.  F. 
Stockman,  Jas.  A. 
Strachan,  S.  S. 
Stratton,  S.  E. 
Summers,  Arthur. 
Snapp,  J.  H. 
Sweetman,  Richard. 
Swift,  Peter. 

Taff,  Andrew. 
Thomas,  Alfred. 
Thompson,  David  A. 
Thomson,  James. 
Tilley,  Wm.  A. 
Toomey,  Dennis. 
Tracy,  Geo.  L. 
Tretler,  Chas.  E. 
Triplett,  T.  M. 


Public  Printing  and  the 


156 

Trout,  F.  B. 

Upshur,  Jas.  Andrew. 
Vessie,  A.  A. 

Wade,  R.  W. 

Walde,  John. 
Wakeling,  F. 

Walker,  Chas.  H. 
Walmsley,  Edwin. 
Walsh,  John  E. 
Waters,  Edwin  R. 
^Vells,  Chas.  W. 

Wells,  H.  L. 

Welsh,  C.  H. 

White,  Geo.  K. 
Whitford,  Geo.  A. 
Wiese,  H. 

Williams,  Chas.  A. 
Williams,  George. 
Willis,  Chas.  S. 

Willis,  H.  C. 

Wilver,  Edward  J. 
Wood,  A.  L. 

Wright,  Wk  E. 

Wroe,  Chas.  P.  P. 
Wustenfeld,  Chr. 
Yokum,  J.  J. 

Females. 
Adams,  Agnes. 
Adams,  F.  W. 
Alexander,  Alice. 
Andrews,  M.  L. 
Ashton,  O.  AT 
Atchison,  1\L 
Atwell,  M,  H. 

Bailey,  Mary  E. 
Barker,  M.  E. 

Barnes,  B.  F. 

Barron,  Mary  A. 
Barry,  Mary  E. 
Bartlett,  C.  A. 
Bennett,  Josephine  E. 
Bishop,  E.  A. 
Blankman,  Eugenie. 
Booth,  Carrie  A. 


Bowler,  Mary  V. 
Boyd,  M.  R.  A. 
Brannan,  Ann. 
Brannan,  Mary  A. 
Brown,  Emma. 
Brown,  Mary  E. 
Burkholder,  M.  J. 
Burse,  L.  J. 

Bushee,  R. 

Buteler,  Kate. 
Byrnes,  Maria. 
Callahan,  A. 

Calvo,  M.  E. 
Cammack,  Virginia. 
Campbell,  Blanche. 
Cantine,  Kate. 
Carpenter,  Mary. 
Carroll,  Ida. 

Carter,  F.  E. 
Cassell,  Annie. 
Caulk,  L.  A. 
Chamberlain,  E.  N. 
Chapman,  Annie. 
Christian,  S.  E. 
Clagett,  M.  B. 
Clark,  Annie  L. 
Cleary,  M.  G. 

Coke,  Emily  F. 
Colbert,  Maggie. 
Colclesser,  A.  A. 
Coleman,  Mary  E. 
Collison,  Annie  V. 
Cowling,  Annie. 
Crider,  J. 

Cronin,  Margaret. 
Cronin,  S.  E. 
Crooks,  C. 

Crow,  Mollie. 
Crupper,  F.  F. 
Cushing,  S.  C. 
Cushman,  S.  C. 
Darby,  Julia. 

Darby,  S.  C. 

Daley,  Mary  T. 


Davis,  E.  D. 

Davis,  Ida  E. 

Devlin,  Maggie. 
Dickins,  A. 

Dobbins,  Sallie. 
Dodge,  Ida. 

Dodson,  M.  A. 

Dove,  Mary  F. 
Dowden,  Kate. 
Dowell,  F. 

Dow,  M.  E. 

Durham,  C. 

Elms,  L.  A. 

English,  Isabel. 
Estabrooks,  L.  C. 
Evans,  Ida  E. 
Falconer,  M. 

Farrar,  M.  E.  M. 
Farrell,  Mary. 
Ferguson,  Ella  M. 
Fithran,  M.  A. 
Fitzpatrick,  Mary  FI. 
Ford,  Mary  A. 

Fox,  Kate. 

Francis,  A.  C. 
Friend,  D.  B. 
Gallagher,  Ella. 
Gambrill,  H.  A. 
Gates,  Jennie. 
Gaughran,  L. 
Gleason,  Sadie. 
Glover,  Ada  R. 
Goddard,  O.  V. 
Goldsborough,  J. 
Gordon,  Mary  S. 
Goss,  Jennie. 

Graves,  Frances. 
Guerin,  Susan. 
Haffner,  B. 

Haines,  E.  X. 
Handley,  Regina. 
Haswell,  Bunnie. 
Hearne,  E.  T. 
Hempler,  Johanna. 


Public  Printing  and  Government  Printing  Office. 


'5 


Hendley,  M.  R. 
Henning,  S.  O. 
Henry,  Lida. 

Hill,  Mary  E. 
Hoffman,  Florence. 
Holohan,  E.  J. 
Honan,  Mary. 
Hooper,  E.  J. 

Holt,  M.  A. 

Houck,  Susan. 
Huntress,  Elizabeth. 
Hyde,  L.  A. 

Hyde,  Maggie  B. 
Hyson,  Lulu. 
Jacobson,  F.  M. 
Jenkins,  J.  F. 
Johnston,  Alice. 
Johnston,  E.  E. 
Johnston,  Ella  A. 
Johnston,  Isabella. 
Keanan,  E. 

Kearney,  Annie. 
Keleher,  M.  E. 
Kelly,  Kate. 
Kennedy,  Sarah  C. 
Kleiber,  Rose. 
Knott,  B. 

Krafft,  Nellie. 

Lamb,  Emma  H. 
Leach,  B.  F. 
Lemmon,  Susan. 
Lenman,  M.  E. 
Leonard,  E.  A. 
Lewis,  Lizzie. 
Lindsley,  Annie  H. 
Locke,  Kate  H. 
Lovell,  M.  J. 

Luce,  E.  G. 

Lynch,  Ellen. 
Lynch,  Mary. 
Lyons,  Ida  E. 
Lyons,  Johanna. 
Lyons,  Kate. 

Mack,  Lizzie. 


Macomber,  A.  L. 
Mangan,  Elizabeth. 
Manning,  Mary  C. 
Marcellus,  K.  G. 
Markham,  M. 
McCafferty,  L. 
McCarthy,  E. 
McCollam,  M.  J. 
McElfresh,  Eliza  J. 
McGoldrack,  Mar\-. 
McGraw,  M.  A. 
McGregor,  M.  A. 
McKenney,  M.  J. 
McKnight,  Carrie  B. 
McNamara,  Kate. 
Meacham,  A.  M. 
Meloy,  Anna  I. 
Metcalf,  Mattie. 
Michael,  Sallie. 
Minor,  Jane  E. 
Mitchell,  Margaret.  * 
Mitchell,  Rittie. 
Moreno,  Anrelia. 
Mortimer,  D.  A. 
Morris,  L.  T. 
Morrison,  C.  F. 
Murray,  Mary  A. 
Murphy,  Katie  A. 
Munroe,  Jennie  L. 
Nolan,  Mary. 
Osborne,  Minnie. 
Payne,  Martha  K. 
Piggott,  L. 

Prather,  Beatrice. 
Pruette,  Sadie. 
Pumphrey,  Cora  A. 
Rainey,  M.  F. 
Randolph,  Annie  L. 
Reilly,  Annie. 

Reily,  M.  Louise. 
Riley,  Ella. 

Ridgely,  Ella  M. 
Robinson,  Josie  W. 
Rogers,  Lou. 


Rutherford,  Jennie. 
Ryan,  H.  E. 
Sanderson,  E.  V. 
Schaeffer,  Loula. 
Settle,  M.  V. 
Shepherd,  L.  A. 
Shields,  Margaret. 
Shugrue,  Mary. 
Soper,  E.  L. 

Sorrell,  Sarah. 
Spriggs,  Maggie  E. 
Stanley,  M.  J. 
Stansbury,  S.  V. 
Stanton,  C. 

Staples,  Kate  F. 
Steele,  Dora. 
Stevens,  Blanche. 
Stevens,  L.  R. 
Stinson,  Nellie  C. 
Stoll,  Rosie  W. 
Straub,  Frances. 
Sullivan,  Ellen. 
Sullivan,  F. 

Sullivan,  J.  M. 
Sullivan,  Rosa. 
Sweeney,  Victoria. 
Taylor,  Maggie  H. 
Tenly,  E.  J. 
Thompson,  M.  J. 
Tolson,  Rebecca. 
Topham,  Mary  J. 
Twitched,  S.  E. 

Van  Alstine,  Maria. 
Walker,  Eva. 
Walmsley,  M.  E. 
Walters,  Annie. 
Washington,  A.  M. 
Wells,  Louisa. 
Whiteraore,  Fannie. 
Whitney,  K.  M. 
Wilkins,  Martha. 
Wirt,  C.  S. 

Wren,  B.  L. 

Verger,  E.  M. 


■lli 


: ‘ . .4<  V 

^ .■  .-.i  ' ,1  ; 

' r'  I 


;K-'%  ■ 


V >• 


LAWS  RELATING  TO  THE  PUBLIC  PRINTING 
AND  BINDING. 


[Note. — The  chapter  of  the  Revised  Statutes  relating  to  the  subject  of  the  Public 
Printing  and  Binding  embraces  sections  3756  to  3828.  In  the  following  compilation 
the  numerical  order  of  the  sections  is  preserved,  and  any  legislation  affecting  them, 
passed  subsequent  to  their  approval,  June  22,  1874,  is  inserted  immediately  after  that 
section  to  which  it  most  nearly  relates.  Some  sections  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  a 
general  character  are  also  included  in  the  compilation.] 

JOINT  COMMITTEE  ON  PRINTING. 

How  appointed. — Section  3756.  There  shall  be  a Joint  Committee 
on  Public  Printing,  consisting  of  three  members  of  the  Senate,  ap- 
pointed by  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  three  members  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  appointed  by  the  Speaker  of  the  House,  who 
shall  have  the  powers  hereinafter  stated. 

Duties. — Sec.  3757.  The  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing  shall 
have  power  to  adopt  such  measures  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  to 
remedy  any  neglect  or  delay  in  the  execution  of  the  public  printing ; 
but  no  arrangement  entered  into  by  them  shall  take  effect  until  it  has 
been  approved  by  that  House  of  Congress  to  which  the  printing  belongs, 
or  by  both  Houses  when  the  printing  delayed  relates  to  the  business  of 
both. 

congressional  PRINTER. 

To  be  elected. — Sec.  3758.  The  Senate  shall  elect  a person,  who  must 
be  a practical  printer,  and  versed  in  the  art  of  book-binding,  to  take 
charge  of  and  manage  the  Government  Printing  Office.  He  shall  be 
deemed  an  officer  of  the  Senate,  and  shall  be  called  the  “ Congressional 
Printer.” 

Amendmejits. — Provided,  That  so  much  of  the  act  entitled  “An  act  providing 
for  the  election  of  a Congressional  Printer,”  approved  February  22,  1867,  as 
provides  for  the  election  of  such  officer  by  the  Senate,  and  provides  that  such 
officer  shall  be  deemed  an  officer  of  the  Senate,  shall  cease  and  determine  and 
become  of  no  effect  from  and  after  the  date  of  the  first  vacancy  occurring  in  said 
office ; that  the  title  of  said  officer  shall  hereafter  be  Public  Printer,  and  he  shall  be 
deemed  an  officer  of  the  United  States,  and  said  office  shall  be  filled  by  appoint- 
ment by  the  President  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate. — 20  June, 
1874. 

That  so  much  of  all  laws  or  parts  of  laws  as  provide  for  the  election  or  appoint- 
ment of  Public  Printer  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  repealed,  to  take  effect  from 
and  after  the  passage  of  this  act ; and  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall 

(159) 


I 6d  Public  Printing  and  the 

appoint,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  a suitable  person,  who 
must  be  a practical  printer,  and  versed  in  the  art  of  book-binding,  to  take  charge 
of  and  manage  the  Government  Printing  Office  from  and  after  the  date  aforesaid  : 
he  shall  be  called  the  “ Public  Printer,”  and  shall  be  vested  with  all  the  powers 
and  subject  to  all  the  restrictions  pertaining  to  the  officer  now  known  as  the  Public 
Printer;  he  shall  give  bond  in  the  sum  of  ^loo,ooo  for  the  faithful  performance  of 
the  duties  of  his  office,  said  bond  to  be  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 
—31  July,  1876. 

Provided,  That  the  term  “ Public  Printer”  as  employed  in  that  part  of  the  act 
making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the  current 
fiscal  year  which  repeals  all  laws  providing  for  the  election  or  appointment  of 
Public  Printer,  shall  be  construed  as  embracing  that  officer  whether  known  as 
Congressional  Printer  or  Public  Printer. — 15  Aug.,  1876. 

Salary. — Sec.  3759.  The  Congressional  Printer  shall  receive  a salary 
at  the  rate  of  four  thousand  dollars  a year,  and  shall  give  bond,  for  the 
faithful  discharge  of  his  duties,  in  the  penal  sum  of  eighty  thousand 
dollars,  with  two  sureties  to  be  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

By  the  act  of  August  15,  1876,  the  salary  of  the  Congressional  Printer  was 
reduced  to  $3,600  per  annum;  and  the  act  of  July  31,  1876,  increased  the  bond  to 
$100,000. 

Duties. — Sec.  3760.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Congressional  Printer 
to  purchase  all  materials  and  machinery  which  may  be  necessary  for  the 
Government  Printing  Office  ; to  take  charge  of  all  matter  which  is  to  be 
printed,  engraved,  lithographed,  or  bound  ; to  keep  an  account  thereof 
in  the  order  in  which  it  is  received,  and  to  cause  the  work  to  be 
promptly  executed ; to  superintend  all  printing  and  binding  done  at 
the  Government  Printing  Office,  and  to  see  that  the  sheets  or  volumes 
are  promptly  delivered  to  the  officer  who  is  authorized  to  receive  them. 
The  receipt  of  such  officer  shall  be  a sufficient  voucher  of  their  delivery. 

(See  also  sections  3813,  3814,  3815,  3816,  3817,  3818,  3820,  3821, 
3822,  Revised  Statutes;  also  pages  175  and  176.) 

And  whenever  it  becomes  necessary  for  the  Public  Printer  to  make  purchases  of 
materials  not  already  due  under  contracts,  he  shall  prepare  a schedule  of  the  . 
articles  required,  showing  the  description,  quantity,  and  quality  of  each  article,  and 
shall  invite  proposals  for  furnishing  the  same,  either  by  advertisement  or  circular, 
as  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing  may  direct,  and  shall  make  contracts  for 
the  same  with  the  lowest  responsible  bidder,  making  a return  of  the  same  to  the 
Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing,  showing  the  number  of  bidders,  the  amounts 
of  each  bid,  and  the  awards  of  the  contracts. — 31  July,  1S76. 

Be  it  enacted.  That  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing  be,  and  hereby  is, 
authorized  to  give  permission  to  the  Public  Printer  to  purchase  material  in  open 
market  whenever,  in  their  opinion,  it  would  not  promote  the  public  interest  to 
advertise  for  proposals  and  to  make  contracts  for  the  same : Provided,  however. 
That  the  purchases  authorized  by  this  act  shall  not  in  any  term  of  six  months 
exceed  the  sum  of  $50  for  any  particular  article  required. — l Feb.,  1S78. 


Government  Printvig  Office. 


i6i 


FOREMEN. 

Sec.  3761.  There  shall  be  a Foreman  of  Printing  and  a Foreman  of 
Binding,  who  must  be  practically  and  thoroughly  acquainted  with  their 
respective  trades.  They  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Congressional 
Printer,  and  shall  each  receive  a salary  at  the  rate  of  two  thousand  one 
hundred  dollars  a year. 

CLERKS. 

Sec.  3762.  The  Congressional  Printer  may  employ  four  clerks,  at  an 
annual  salary  of  eighteen  hundred  dollars  each ; and  one  clerk,  at  an 
annual  salary  of  fourteen  hundred  dollars,  to  have  charge  of  the  ac- 
counts with  the  departments  and  public  offices. 

By  the  act  of  June  23,  1874,  the  Congressional  Printer  is  allowed  an  additional 
clerk  of  class  one,  to  keep  the  accounts  of  the  Congressional  Record. 

By  the  act  of  June  19,  1878,  a chief  clerk  is  authorized,  at  a compensation  of 
^2,000  per  annum,  in  lieu  of  one  of  the  four  fourth-class  clerks. 

By  the  act  of  June  20,  1878,  the  Public  Printer  is  authorized  to  employ  three 
additional  clerks  of  class  three,  to  make  estimates,  etc. 

EMPLOYES. 

Sec.  3763.  The  Congressional  Printer  may  employ,  at  such  rates  of 
wages  as  he  may  deem  for  the  interest  of  the  Government  and  just  to 
the  persons  employed,  such  proof-readers,  compositors,  pressmen,  bind- 
ers, laborers,  and  other  hands  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  execution  of 
the  orders  for  public  printing  and  binding  authorized  by  law ; but  he 
shall  not,  at  any  time,  employ  in  the  office  more  hands  than  the  abso- 
lute necessities  of  the  public  work  may  require. 

Skilled  workmen. — Provided,  That  from  and  after  /he  passage  of  this  act  it 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Public  Printer  to  employ  no  workmen  not  thoroughly 
skilled  in  their  respective  branches  of  industry,  as  shown  by  a trial  of  their  skill 
under  his  direction. — 31  July,  1876. 

Pay. — Provided  further.  That  from  and  after  the  close  of  the  present  session  of 
Congress  the  Public  Printer  shall  pay  no  greater  price  for  composition  than  50 
cents  per  thousand  ems  and  40  cents  per  hour  for  time  work  to  printers  and  book- 
binders.— 16  Feb.,  1877. 

WORK  AT  NIGHT. 

Sec.  3764.  The  Congressional  Printer  shall  cause  work  to  be  done 
on  the  public  printing  in  the  Government  Printing  Office  at  night  as 
well  as  through  the  day,  during  the  session  of  Congress,  when  the 
exigencies  of  the  public  service  require  it. 

interest  in  printing,  etc.,  prohibited. 

Sec.  3765.  Neither  the  Congressional  Printer,  nor  the  Foreman  of 
Printing,  nor  the  Foreman  of  Binding,  shall,  during  his  continuance  in 
office,  have  any  interest,  direct  or  indirect,  in  the  publication  of  any 
newspaper  or  periodical,  or  in  any  printing,  binding,  engraving,  or 


I 52  Public  Prmting  and  the 

lithographing  of  any  kind,  or  in  any  contract  for  furnishing  paper  or 
other  material  connected  with  the  public  printing,  binding,  lithograph- 
ing, or  engraving ; and  for  every  violation  of  this  section  the  party 
offending  shall,  on  conviction  before  any  court  of  competent  jurisdic- 
tion, be  imprisoned  in  the  penitentiary  for  a term  of  not  less  than  one 
nor  more  than  five  years,  and  shall  be  fined  in  the  sum  of  five  hundred 
dollars. 

ESTIMATES  FOR  PAPER. 

Sec.  3766.  The  Congressional  Printer  shall,  at  the  beginning  of  each 
session  of  Congress,  submit  to  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing 
estimates  of  the  quantity  of  paper  of  all  descriptions  which  will  be 
required  for  the  public  printing  during  the  ensuing  year. 

Advertisements. — Sec.  3767.  The  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Print- 
ing shall  fix  upon  standards  of  paper  for  the  different  descriptions  of 
public  printing,  and  the  Congressional  Printer  shall,  under  their  direc- 
tion, advertise  in  two  newspapers,  published  in  each  of  the  cities  of 
Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Washington,  and  Cincin- 
nati, for  sealed  proposals  to  furnish  the  Government  with  paper  as  speci- 
fied in  the  schedule  to  be  furnished  to  applicants  by  the  Congressional 
Printer,  setting  forth  in  detail  the  quality  and  quantity  required  for  the 
public  printing. 

Standards  for  printing  paper. — That  section  3767  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the 
United  States  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  amended  so  that  it  will  read : “ The 
Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing  shall  fix  upon  standards  of  paper  for  the  differ- 
ent descriptions  of  public  printing,  and  the  Congressional  Printer  shall,  under  their 
direction,  advertise  in  two  newspapers,  published  in  each  of  the  cities  of  Boston. 
New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Washington,  and  Cincinnati,  for  sealed  pro- 
posals to  furnish  the  Government  with  paper  as  specified  in  the  schedule  to  be 
furnished  to  applicants  by  the  Congressional  Printer,  setting  forth  in  detail  the 
quality  and  quantities  required  for  the  public  printing.”  And  all  acts  and  parts  of 
acts  inconsistent  with  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. — 25  Jan.,  1876. 

Specifieations  of  advertisements. — Sec.  3768.  The  advertisement  shall^ 
specify  the  minimum  portion  of  each  quality  of  paper  required  for 
either  three  months,  six  months,  or  one  year,  as  the  Joint  Committee 
on  Public  Printing  may  determine ; but  when  the  minimum  portion  so 
specified  exceeds,  in  any  case,  one  thousand  reams,  it  shall  state  that 
proposals  will  be  received  for  one  thousand  reams  or  more. 

Samples. — Sec.  3769.  The  Congressional  Printer  shall  furnish  sam- 
ples of  the  standard  paper  to  applicants  therefor. 

Awarding  contract. — Sec.  3770.  The  sealed  proposals  to  furnish 
paper  shall  be  opened  in  presence  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public 
Printing,  and  the  contracts  shall  be  awarded  by  them  to  the  lowest 
and  best  bidder  for  the  interest  of  the  Government ; but  they  shall  not 


Gove7'7i>nenl  Prhituig  Office. 


165 

consider  any  proposal  which  is  not  accompanied  by  satisfactory  evi- 
dence that  the  person  making  it  is  a manufacturer  of  or  dealer  in  the 
description  of  paper  which  he  proposes  to  furnish. 

Time  for  perfoi-ming  contracts. — Sec.  3771.  The  award  of  each  con- 
tract for  furnishing  paper  shall  designate  a reasonable  time  for  filling  it. 

Approval  of  contract. — Sec.  3772.  No  contract  for  furnishing  paper 
shall  be  valid  until  it  has  been  approved  by  the  joint  committee,  if  made 
under  their  direction,  or  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  if  made  under 
his  direction,  according  to  the  provisions  of  section  thirty-seven  hun- 
dred and  seventy-five. 

Comparison  of  paper  with  standard. — Sec.  3773.  The  Congressional 
Printer  shall  compare  every  lot  of  paper  delivered  by  any  contractor 
with  the  standard  of  quality,  and  shall  not  accept  any  paper  which  does 
not  conform  to  it,  or  is  not  of  the  stipulated  weight. 

Disputes  as  to  quality. — Sec.  3774.  In  case  of  difference  of  opinion 
between  the  Congressional  Printer  and  any  contractor  for  paper  re- 
specting its  quality,  the  matter  of  difference  shall  be  determined  by  the 
Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing. 

Default  of  contractor. — Sec.  3775.  If  any  contractor  shall  fail  to 
comply  with  his  contract,  either  as  to  time  of  delivery  or  as  to  quan- 
tity, quality,  or  weight  of  paper,  the  Congressional  Printer  shall  report 
such  default  to  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing  when  Congress 
is  in  session,  or  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  when  Congress  is  not 
in  session  ; and  he  shall,  under  the  direction  of  the  committee  or  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  as  the  case  may  be,  enter  into  a new  con- 
tract with  the  lowest  and  best  bidder,  for  the  interest  of  the  Govern- 
ment, among  those  whose  proposals  were  rejected  at  the  last  opening 
of  bids  j or  he  shall  advertise  for  new  proposals,  under  the  regulations 
hereinbefore  stated ; and,  during  the  interval  which  may  thus  occur,  he 
shall,  under  the  direction  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing, 
or  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  as  above  provided,  purchase  in 
open  market,  at  the  lowest  market  price,  all  paper  necessary  for  the 
public  printing. 

Contractor  charged  with  increased  cost. — Sec.  3776.  In  case  of  the 
default  of  any  contractor  to  furnish  paper,  he  and  his  securities  shall 
be  responsible  for  any  increase  of  cost  to  the  Government  in  procuring 
a supply  of  such  paper  which  may  be  consequent  upon  such  default. 

Report  of  default ; suit,  etc. — Sec.  3777.  The  Congressional  Printer 
shall  report  every  such  default,  with  a full  statement  of  all  the  facts  in 
the  case,  to  the  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury,  who  shall  prosecute  the  de- 
faulting contractor  and  his  securities  upon  their  bond  in  the  circuit 
court  of  the  United  States  in  the  district  in  which  such  defaulting  con- 
tractor resides. 


164  Public  Printing  and  the 

Purchases  in  open  market. — Sec.  3778.  The  Joint  Committee  on 
Public  Printing,  or,  during  the  recess  of  Congress,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  may  authorize  the  Congressional  Printer  to  make  purchases 
of  paper  in  open  market,  whenever  they  may  deem  the  quantity 
required  so  small,  or  the  want  so  immediate,  as  not  to  justify  advertise- 
ments for  proposals. 

ENGRAVING. 

Engraving  for  Congress. — Sec.  3779.  Whenever  any  charts,  maps, 
diagrams,  views,  or  other  engravings,  are  required  to  illustrate  any 
document  ordered  to  be  printed  by  either  House  of  Congress,  such  en- 
gravings shall  be  procured  by  the  Congressional  Printer,  under  the 
direction  and  supervision  of  the  Committee  on  Printing  of  the  House 
ordering  the  same. 

When  bids  to  be  advertised  for. — Sec.  3780.  When  the  probable 
total  cost  of  the  maps  or  plates  accompanying  one  work  or  document 
exceeds  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  the  lithographing  or  engraving 
thereof  shall  be  awarded  to  the  lowest  and  best  bidder,  after  advertise- 
ment by  the  Congressional  Printer,  under  direction  of  the  Joint  Com- 
mittee on  Public  Printing.  But  the  committee  may  authorize  him  to 
make  immediate  contracts  for  lithographing  or  engraving  whenever,  in 
their  opinion,  the  exigencies  of  the  public  service  do  not  justify  adver- 
tisement for  proposals. 

Lithographmg  for  Land  Office. — Sec.  3781.  The  Congressional 
Printer  may  contract  for  the  lithographing  of  the  maps  of  the  several 
States  and  Territories  accompanying  the  annual  report  of  the  Commis- 
sioner of  the  General  Land  Office,  except  the  connected  map  of  the 
public  lands  east  and  west  of  the  Mississippi  River  accompanying  the 
annual  report  of  the  Commissioner  for  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-two,  with  the  additions  thereto  which  may  be  made  from  time  to 
time. 

Execution  of  contract;  paymeiit.—’&'E.c.  3782.  The  Congressional 
Printer  shall  preserve  in  his  office  samples  of  the  paper  on  which  any 
engravings  or  lithographs  are  to  be  furnished  by  contract;  and  he  shall 
not  receive  any  engraving  or  lithograph  which  is  not  printed  on  paper 
equal  to  the  sample,  or  which  is  not  executed  in  the  proper  manner  or 
in  the  quantity  contracted  for,  or  within  the  time  specified  in  the 
contract,  unless,  for  special  reasons,  he  may  have  extended  the  time. 
The  contractor  shall  not  be  paid  except  upon  the  certificate  of  the 
Congressional  Printer  that  the  requisites  have  been  complied  with. 

ACCOUNTABILITY  FOR  MATERIAL. 

Sec.  3783.  The  Congressional  Printer  shall  charge  himself  with,  and 
be  accountable  for,  all  material  received  for  the  public  use.  The 


Governmerit  Printing  Office.  i 55 

Foremen  of  Printing  and  Binding  shall  make  out  estimates  of  the 
amount  and  kind  of  material  required  for  their  respective  departments, 
and  file  written  requisitions  therefor  when  it  is  needed.  The  Congres- 
sional Printer  shall  furnish  the  same  to  them  on  these  requisitions,  as 
it  may  be  required  for  the  public  service,  and  they  shall  receipt  to  him 
and  be  held  accountable  for  all  material  so  received. 

FRAUDS  OF  CONGRESSIONAL  PRINTER. 

Sec.  3784.  If  the  Congressional  Printer  shall,  by  himself  or  through 
others,  corruptly  collude  or  have  any  secret  understanding  with  any 
person  to  defraud  the  United  States,  or  whereby  the  United  States 
shall  be  made  to  sustain  a loss  contrary  to  the  intent  of  the  provisions 
of  this  title,  he  shall,  on  conviction  thereof  before  any  court  of  compe- 
tent jurisdiction,  forfeit  his  office,  and  be  imprisoned  in  the  peniten- 
tiary for  a term  of  not  less  than  three  nor  more  than  seven  years,  and 
fined  in  the  sum  of  three  thousand  dollars. 

ONLY  PUBLIC  PRINTING,  ETC.,  ALLOWED. 

Sec.  3785.  No  printing  or  binding  which  is  not  provided  for  by  law 
shall  be  executed  at  the  Government  Printing  Office. 

PRINTING  REQUIRED  TO  BE  DONE. 

Sec.  3786.  All  printing,  binding,  and  blank  books  for  the  Senate  or 
House  of  Representatives,  and  the  executive  and  judicial  departments, 
shall  be  done  at  the  Government  Printing  Office,  except  in  cases 
otherwise  provided  by  law. 

BINDING  AT  TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 

Sec.  3787.  Registered  bonds  and  written  records  may  be  bound  at 
the  Treasury  Department. 

BUREAU  REPORTS. 

Sec.  3788.  No  officer  in  charge  of  any  bureau  or  office  in  any 
department  shall  cause  to  be  printed,  at  the  public  expense,  any  report 
he  may  make  to  the  President  or  to  the  head  of  the  department,  except 
as  provided  for  in  this  title. 

ORDERS  AND  REQUISITIONS  FOR  PRINTING. 

Sec.  3789.  No  printing  or  binding  shall  be  done,  or  blank  books 
furnished,  for  either  House  of  Congress,  except  on  the  written  order 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Senate,  or  of  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, respectively ; or  for  any  of  the  executive  departments, 
except  on  a written  requisition  by  the  head  of  such  department,  or  one 
of  his  assistants. 

Provided,  That  hereafter  the  Cungressional  Printer  shall  print,  upon  the  order 
of  the  heads  of  the  executive  departments,  respectively,  only  such  limited  number 


1 65  Public  Printing  and  the 

of  the  annual  reports  of  such  departments  and  necessary  accompanying  reports  of 
subordinates  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  for  the  use  of  Congress  : Provided,  how- 
ever, That  no  expensive  maps  or  illustrations  shall  be  printed  without  the  special 
order  of  Congress. — 23  June,  1-874. 

Style  of  work. — Sec.  3790.  The  forms  and  style  in  which  the  print- 
ing or  binding  ordered  by  any  of  the  departments  shall  be  executed, 
the  materials  and  size  of  type  to  be  used,  shall  be  determined  by  the 
Congressional  Printer,  having  proper  regard  to  economy,  workman- 
ship, and  the  purposes  for  which  the  work  is  needed. 

BILLS  AND  RESOLUTIONS. 

Sec.  3791.  There  shall  be  printed  seven  hundred  and  fifty  copies  of 
every  bill  or  joint  resolution  ordered  by  either  House  of  Congress,  or 
required  by  any  rule  thereof  to  be  printed,  unless  a different  number 
shall  be  specifically  ordered. 

Increased  by  orders  to  925. 

PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS. 

Regular  number. — Sec.  3792.  Fifteen  hundred  and  fifty  copies  of 
any  document  ordered  by  Congress  shall  be  printed,  and  that  number 
shall  be  known  as  the  usual  number.  No  greater  number  sliall  be 
printed  unless  ordered  by  either  House  or  as  hereinafter  provided. 

This  number  has  been  increased  by  recent  orders  to  1,900,  which  includes  those 
for  distribution  by  the  Congressional  Library  and  exchange  in  foreign  countries. 
(See  secs.  3796  and  3799.) 

That  section  forty-eight  hundred  and  thirty-seven  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the 
United  States  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed  and  re-enacted  to  read  as 
follows:  “The  Secretary  of  the  Senate  and  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives shall  cause  to  be  sent  to  the  National  Home  for  Disabled  \ olunteer  Sold  ers 
at  Dayton,  in  Ohio,  and  to  the  branches  at  Augusta,  in  lilaine,  Milwaukee,  in  Wis- 
consin, Hampton,  in  Virginia,  and  the  Soldiers’  Home  at  Knightstown  Springs, 
near  Knightstown,  in  Indiana,  each,  one  copy  of  each  of  the  following  documents: 
The  journals  of  each  House  of  Congress  at  each  and  every  session ; all  laws  of 
Congress;  the  annual  messages  of  the  Pi-esident,  with  accompan)  ing  documents ; 
the  daily  Congressional  Record,  and  all  other  documents  or  books  which  may  be 
printed  and  bound  by  order  of  either  House  of  Congress  ; and  the  Public  Printer  is 
hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  furnish  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Senate  and  the 
Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  the  documents  referred  to  in  this  secUon.’’ 
—8  Feb.,  1881. 

Extra  copies. — Sec.  3793.  All  motions  to  print  extra  copies  of  any 
bill,  report,  or  other  public  document,  shall  be  referred  to  the  Commit- 
tee on  Printing  of  the  House  in  which  such  motion  is  made. 

Notice  of  order  to  print. — Sec.  3794-  The  House  first  ordering  a 
document  to  be  printed  shall  immediately  notify  the  other  House  ot 
such  order. 

Copies  costing  over  $500. — Sec.  3795-  All  propositions  in  either 


Government  Pnnting  Office. 


1 67 

House  of  Congress  for  printing  extra  copies  of  documents,  the  cost 
of  which  exceeds  five  hundred  dollars,  shall  be  by  concurrent  resolu- 
tion, which  shall,  upon  its  transmission  from  either  House,  be  immedi- 
ately referred  to  the  Committee  on  Printing  of  the  House  to  which  it 
is  sent. 

Copies  for  the  Library. — Sec.  3796.  The  Congressional  Printer 
shall,  when  so  directed  by  the  Joint  Committee  on  the  Library,  print, 
in  addition  to  the  usual  number,  either  fifty  or  one  hundred  copies,  as 
he  may  be  directed,  of  all  documents  printed  by  order  of  either  House 
of  Congress,  or  of  any  department  or  bureau  of  the  Government. 

Mail  contracts. — ^Sec.  3797.  The  annual  report  of  the  Postmaster- 
General  of  offers  received  and  contracts  for  conveying  the  mail  shall 
not  be  printed,  unless  specially  ordered  by  either  House  of  Congress. 

Nu7nber  of  copies  of  atuuial  reports,  etc.,  to  be  prmted. — Sec.  3798. 
Of  the  documents  named  in  this  section,  there  shall  be  printed  and 
bound,  in  addition  to  the  usual  number  for  Congress,  the  following 
numbers  of  copies,  namely  : 

First.  Of  the  documents  accompanying  the  annual  reports  of  the 
executive  departments,  1,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the  members  of  the 
Senate,  and  2,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the  members  of  the  House  of 
Representatives. 

Second.  Of  the  President’s  message,  the  annual  reports  of  the 
executive  departments,  and  the  abridgment  of  accompanying  docu- 
ments, unless  otherwise  ordered  by  either  House,  10,000  copies  for  the 
use  of  the  members  of  the  Senate,  and  25,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the 
members  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

Sec.  75.  The  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing  shall  appoint  a competent 
person  who  shall  edit  such  portion  of  the  documents  accompanying  the  annual 
reports  of  the  departments  as  they  may  deem  suitable  for  popular  distribution,  and 
prepare  an  alphabetical  index  thereto. — Rev.  Stats. 

Third.  Of  papers  relating  to  foreign  affairs,  accompanying  the 
annual  message  of  the  President,  2,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the 
members  of  the  Senate,  and  4,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the  members  of 
the  House  of  Representatives. 

Fourth.  Of  the  “Commercial  Relations,’’  annually  prepared  under 
the  directions  of  the  State  Department,  2,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the 
members  of  the  Senate,  and  3,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the  members  of 
the  House  of  Representatives. 

Fifth.  Of  the  annual  report  on  the  statistics  of  commerce  and 
navigation,  exports  and  imports,  merchandise  in  transit,  manufactures, 
and  registered  and  enrolled  vessels,  prepared  by  the  Chief  of  the 
Bureau  of  Statistics,  2,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the  members  of  the 


r 6S  Public  Pi'inthig  and  the 

Senate,  and  6,150  copies  for  the  use  of  the  members  of  the  House  of 
Representatives. 

Sec.  263.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  cause  the  annual  report  on  the 
statistics  of  commerce  and  navigation,  required  from  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of 
Statistics,  to  be  prepared  and  printed  according  to  law,  and  to  be  submitted  to 
Congress  at  as  early  a day  in  each  regular  session  as  practicable,  and  not  later  than 
the  first  Monday  in  January. — Rev.  Stats. 

Sixth.  Of  the  public  journals  of  the  Senate  and  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  1,550  copies. 

Copies  for  exchange. — Sec.  3799.  Of  the  documents  printed  by  order 
of  either  House  there  shall  be  printed  and  bound  50  additional  cojjies 
for  the  purpose  of  exchange  in  foreign  countries. 

See  note  to  sec.  3792. 

BIENNIAL  REGISTER. 

Sec.  3800.  Of  the  Biennial  Register,  compiled  under  the  direction 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  there  shall  be  printed  and  bound  750 
copies. 

Sec.  510.  As  soon  as  practicable  after  the  last  day  of  September  in  each  year  in 
which  a new  Congress  is  to  assemble,  a Register  shall  be  compiled  and  printed, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  of  which  750  copies  shall  be 
published.  * * * * — Rev.  Stats. 

Sec.  51 1.  On  the  first  Monday  in  January,  in  each  year  when  a new  Congress  is 
assembled,  there  shall  be  delivered  to  * * * one  copy  of  the  Biennial  Regis- 

ter.— Rev.  Stats. 

That  in  lieu  of  the  number  of  copies  of  the  Biennial  Register  now  authorized  by 
law  to  be  printed,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  directed  to 
cause  to  be  printed  2,500  copies  of  the  said  work,  to  be  distributed  as  follows : 

To  the  President  of  the  United  .States,  4 copies,  i copy  of  which  shall  be  for  the 
library  of  the  Executive  Mansion.  To  the  Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  2 
copies.  To  each  Senator,  Representative,  and  Delegate  in  Congress,  l copy.  To 
the  Secretary  of  the  Senate,  i copy.  To  the  Clerk  of  the  House,  i copy.  To  the 
Library  of  the  Senate,  50  copies,  of  which  i copy  shall  be  supplied  to  each  stand- 
ing committee  of  the  Senate.  To  the  Library  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  75 
copies,  of  which  l copy  shall  be  supplied  to  each  standing  committee  of  the  House. 
To  the  Library  of  Congress,  25  copies.  To  the  Department  of  State,  250  copies. 
To  the  Treasury  Department,  150  copies.  To  the  War  Department,  50  copies. 
To  the  Navy  Department,  20  copies.  To  the  Department  of  Justice,  25  copies. 
To  the  Post-Office  Department,  100  copies.  To  the  Department  of  the  Interior, 
250  copies.  To  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  5 copies.  To  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  4 copies.  To  the  State  library  and  State  historical  society  of  each 
State,  and  to  the  executive  of  each  Territory,  and  to  the  designated  depository  of 
public  documents  in  each  Congressional  district  in  the  United  States,  i copy  each, 
•and  the  remaining  copies  shall  be  kept  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  as  a 
reserve,  from  which  he  may  supply  newly-created  offices:  and  members  of  Congress 
1 additional  copy. 

***** 

Sec.  2.  That  hereafter  the  lists  directed  by  sections  198  and  510  of  the  Revised 


Government  Printing  Office.  169 

Statutes  to  be  furnished  by  the  several  departments  and  officers  of  the  Government 
for  the  Biennial  Register  shall  be  made  up  to  the  last  day  of  June  of  each  year  in 
which  a new  Congress  is  to  assemble,  and  shall  be  filed  as  soon  thereafter  as  prac- 
ticable in  the  Department  of  the  Interior. — 15  Dec.,  1877. 

That  section  2 of  the  act  of  December  15,  1877,  entitled  “An  act  providing  for 
the  printing  and  distribution  of  the  Biennial  Register,”  is  hereby  so  amended  as  to 
read  “the  ist  day  of  July”  instead  of  “the  last  day  of  June,”  as  the  day  upon 
which  the  lists  of  the  Biennial  Register  shall  in  future  be  made  up. — 16  June,  i85o. 

CONGRESSIONAL  DIRECTORY. 

Sec.  3801.  The  first  edition  of  the  Congressional  Directory  for  each 
session  shall  be  printed  and  ready  for  distribution  within  one  week 
after  the  commencement  thereof. 

Sec.  77.  A Congressional  Directory  shall  be  compiled  at  each  session  of 
Congress,  under  the  direction  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing,  and  the 
first  edition  for  each  session  shall  be  ready  for  distribution  within  one  week  after  the 
commencement  thereof. — Rev.  Stats. 

ACCOUNTS  FOR  PRINTING  WITH  DEPARTMENTS. 

Sec.  3802.  Whenever  Congress  makes  an  appropriation  for  any 
department  or  public  office,  to  be  expended  “ for  printing  and  binding 
to  be  executed  under  the  direction  of  the  Congressional  Printer,”  the 
Congressional  Printer  shall  cause  an  account  to  be  opened  with  such 
department  or  public  office,  on  which  he  shall  charge  for  all  printing 
and  binding  ordered  by  the  head  thereof  at  prices  established  in  pur- 
suance of  law ; and  it  shall  not  be  lawful  for  him  to  cause  to  be  exe- 
cuted any  printing  or  binding  the  value  of  which  exceeds  the  amount 
appropriated  for  such  purpose. 

BINDING. 

That  the  Public  Printer  be  authorized  to  bind  at  the  Government  Printing  Office 
any  books,  maps,  charts,  or  documents,  published  by  authority  of  Congress,  upon 
application  of  any  member  of  the  Senate  or  House  of  Representatives,  upon  pay- 
ment of  the  actual  cost  of  such  binding. — 10  Dec.,  1877. 

Style,  estimates,  additional  clerks,  etc. — And  hereafter  no  binding  shall  be  done 
for  any  department  of  the  Government  except  in  plain  sheep  or  cloth,  and  no 
books  shall  be  printed  and  bound  except  when  the  same  shall  be  ordered  by 
Congress  or  are  authorized  by  law,  except  record  and  account  books,  which  maybe 
bound  in  Russia  leather,  sheep  fleshers,  and  skivers,  when  authorized  by  the  head 
of  a department,  and  this  restriction  shall  not  apply  to  the  Congressional  Library. 
And  when  any  department  shall  require  printing  to  be  done,  the  Public  Printer 
shall  furnish  to  such  department  an  estimate  of  die  cost  by  the  principal  items  for 
said  printing  so  called  for;  and  he  shall  place  to  the  debit  of  such  department  the 
cost  of  the  same,  on  cerdfication  of  the  head  of  the  department.  Supreme  Court, 
Court  of  Claims,  or  Library  of  Congress,  that  said  printing  is  necessary ; and  the 
Public  Printer  is  hereby  authorized  to  employ  three  additional  clerks  of  the  third 
class  to  make  the  estimates. — 20  June,  1878. 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Senate  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to 


I 70  Public  Printing  and  the 

cause  to  be  bound  at  the  Government  Printing  Office  one  copy  of  any  public  docu- 
ment desired  by  any  Senator  for  his  personal  use. — S.  Res.,  18  Jan.,  1878. 

Congressional  Library. — That  the  act  entitled  “An  act  making  appropriations 
for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1879,  and  for  other  purposes,”  approved  June  20,  1878,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby, 
amended  by  adding  to  the  clause  of  said  act  relating  to  the  binding  of  books  for  the 
departments  of  the  Government,  after  the  words  “ Congressional  Library,”  the 
following  words  : “ nor  to  the  library  of  the  Surgeon-General’s  Office.” — 27  Jan., 
1879. 

Library  of  Patent  Offi.ce  and  library  of  State  Department. — That  the  act  en- 
titled “An  act  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1879,  and  for  other  purposes,”  approved  June 
20,  1878,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  amended  by  adding  to  the  clause  of  said  act 
relating  to  the  binding  of  books  for  the  departments  of  the  Government,  after  the 
words  “ Congressional  Library,”  the  following  words  : “nor  to  the  library' of  the 
Patent  Office,  nor  to  the  library  of  the  Department  of  State.” — 26  Feb.,  1879. 

ACTS  AND  RESOLUTIONS. 

Sec.  3803.  The  Secretary  of  State  shall  furnish  the  Congressional 
Printer  with  a correct  copy  of  every  act  and  joint  resolution  as  soon  as 
possible  after  its  approval  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  or 
after  it  shall  have  become  a law  in  accordance  with  the  Constitution 
without  such  approval,  and  also  of  every  treaty  between  the  United 
States  and  any  foreign  Government  after  it  shall  have  been  duly  ratified 
and  proclaimed  by  the  President,  and  of  every  postal  convention  made 
between  the  Postmaster-General,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  President,  on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  and  equivalent  officers 
of  foreign  Governments  on  the  part  of  their  respective  countries. 

Note. — Section  210  is  almost  identical  in  language  with  above,  and  is  omitted. 

POSTAL  CONVENTIONS. 

Sec.  3804.  The  Postmaster-General  shall  transmit  a copy  of  every 
postal  convention  to  the  Secretary  of  State  for  the  purpose  of  being 
printed,  and  the  printed  copy  thereof  shall  be  revised  by  the  Post-Office 
Department  instead  of  by  the  Secretary  of  State. 

L.A.WS  AND  resolutions. 

Sec.  3805.  The  Congressional  Printer,  on  receiving  from  the  Secre- 
tary of  State  a copy  of  any  act  or  joint  resolution  or  treaty,  shall  im- 
mediately cause  an  accurate  printed  copy  thereof  to  be  executed  and 
sent  in  duplicate  to  the  Secretary  of  State  for  revision.  On  the  return 
of  one  of  the  revised  duplicates,  he  shall  at  once  have  the  marked  cor- 
rections made,  and  cause  to  be  printed,  and  sent  to  the  Secretary  of 
State,  any  number  of  copies  which  he  may  order,  not  exceeding  five 
hundred,  and  to  be  printed  separately,  and  sent  to  the  two  Houses  of 
Congress,  the  usual  number. 


Gove)iime7it  Printing  Office. 


171 


POSTAL  CONVENTIONS. 

Sec.  3806.  The  Congressional  Printer,  on  receiving  from  the  Post- 
master-General a copy  of  any  postal  convention  between  the  Postmaster- 
General,  on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  and  an  equivalent  officer  of 
any  foreign  Government,  shall  immediately  cause  an  accurate  printed 
copy  thereof  to  be  executed  and  sent  in  duplicate  to  the  Postmaster- 
General.  On  the  return  of  one  of  the  revised  duplicates,  he  shall  at 
once  have  the  marked  corrections  made,  and  cause  to  be  printed,  and 
sent  to  the  Postmaster-General,  any  number  of  copies  which  he  may 
order,  not  exceeding  five  hundred,  and  to  be  printed  separately,  and 
sent  to  the  two  Houses  of  Congress,  the  usual  number. 

LAWS. 

Sec.  3807.  At  the  close  of  each  session  of  Congress,  there  shall  be 
printed  and  bound  for  the  use  of  the  Senate  three  thousand  and  for  the 
use  of  the  House  of  Representatives  ten  thousand  copies  of  all  acts  and 
resolutions  so  furnished,  with  a complete  alphabetical  index,  prepared 
under  the  direction  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing. 

Sec.  3808.*  The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall  cause  to  be  pub- 
lished, at  the  close  of  every  session  of  Congress,  and  as  soon  as  prac- 
ticable, eleven  thousand  copies  of  the  acts  and  resolutions  passed  by 
Congress,  the  amendments  to  the  Constitution  adopted,  and  all  public 
treaties  and  postal  conventions  made  and  ratified  since  the  then  last 
publication  of  the  laws. 

Statutes  of  present  and  fiitiire  Congresses. — Sec.  5.  That  he  shall,  in  like  man- 
ner, cause  to  be  edited,  printed,  published,  and  distributed  pamphlet  copies  of  the 
statutes  of  the  present  and  each  future  session  of  Congress  to  the  officers  and  per- 
sons hereinafter  provided,  and  bound  copies  of  the  laws  of  each  Congress  to  the 
number  of  2,000  copies,  to  be  distributed  in  the  manner  now  provided  by  law,  and 
uniform  with  the  said  edition  of  the  Revised  Statutes. 

Distribution  of  pamphlet  edition. — Sec.  6.  That  at  the  close  of  every  session 
of  Congress  the  Secretary  of  State  shall  cause  to  be  distributed  pamphlet  copies  of 
the  acts  and  resolves  of  Congress  for  that  session,  edited  and  printed  in  the  manner 
aforesaid,  as  follows : To  the  President  and  Vice-President  of  the  United  States, 
2 copies  each.  To  each  Senator,  Representative,  and  Delegate  in  Congress, 
I copy.  To  the  Librarian  of  the  Senate,  for  use  of  Senators,  126  copies.  To 
the  librarian  of  the  House,  250  copies,  for  the  use  of  the  Representatives  and 
Delegates.  To  the  Library  of  Congress,  14  copies.  To  the  Department  of  State, 
including  those  for  the  use  of  legations  and  consulates,  600  copies.  To  the  Treas- 
ury Department,  200  copies.  To  the  War  Department,  including  those  for  the  use 
of  officers  of  the  Army,  200  copies.  To  the  Navy  Department,  including  those  for 
the  use  of  officers  of  the  Navy,  too  copies.  To  the  Department  of  the  Interior, 


* This  section  is  virtually  repealed  by  the  act  of  3 Mar.,  1875,  *3°)  ? 9>  •S- 

p.  401. 


172 


Public  PHnting  and  the 

including  those  for  the  use  of  the  surveyors-general  and  registers  and  receivers  of 
public  land  offices,  250  copies.  To  the  Post-Office  Department,  50  copies.  To 
the  Department  of  Justice,  including  those  for  the  use  of  the  Chief  and  Associate 
Justices,  the  judges  and  the  officers  of  the  United  States  and  Territorial  courts,  425 
copies.  To  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  10  copies.  To  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution, 5 copies.  To  the  Government  Printing  Office,  2 copies.  To  the  governors 
and  secretaries  of  Territories,  1 copy  each.  To  be  retained  in  the  custody  of  the 
Secretary  of  State,  1,000  copies.  And  10,000  copies  shall  be  distributed  to  the 
States  and  Territories  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  -Senators,  Representatives,  and 
Delegates  in  Congress  to  which  they  are  at  the  time  entitled. 

Bound  volumes. — Sec.  7.  That  after  the  close  of  each  Congress  the  Secretary 
of  State  shall  have  edited,  printed,  and  bound  a sufficient  number  of  the  volumes 
containing  the  Statutes  at  Large  enacted  by  that  Congress  to  enable  him  to  distribute 
copies,  or  as  many  thereof  as  may  be  needed,  as  follows : To  the  President  of  the 

United  States,  4 copies,  l of  which  shall  be  for  the  library  of  the  Executive  Man- 
sion, and  I copy  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  Commissioner  of  Public  Buildings.  To 
the  Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  l copy.  To  each  Senator,  Representative, 
and  Delegate  in  Congress,  l copy.  To  the  librarian  of  the  Senate,  for  the  use  of 
the  Senators,  1 14  copies.  . To  the  librarian  of  the  House,  for  the  use  of  Represent- 
atives and  Delegates,  410  copies.  To  the  Library  of  Congress,  14  copies,  includ- 
ing 4 copies  for  the  law  library.  To  the  Department  of  State,  including  those  for 
the  use  of  legations  and  consulates,  380  copies.  To  the  Treasury  Department,  in- 
cluding those  for  the  use  of  officers  of  customs,  260  copies.  To  the  War  Depart- 
ment, including  a copy  for  the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  50  copies.  To  the 
Navy  Department,  including  a copy  for  the  library'  at  the  Naval  Academy  at  An- 
napolis, a copy  for  the  library  of  each  navy-yard  in  the  United  States,  a copy  for 
the  library  of  the  Brooklyn  Naval  Lyceum,  and  a copy  for  the  library  of  the  Naval 
Institute  at  Charlestown,  Massachusetts,  65  copies.  To  the  Department  of  the  In- 
terior, including  those  for  the  use  of  the  surveyors-general  and  registers  and  re- 
ceivers of  public  land  offices,  250  copies.  To  the  Post-Office  Department,  50 
copies.  To  the  Department  of  Justice,  including  those  for  the  use  of  the  Chief 
and  Associate  Justices,  the  judges  and  the  officers  of  the  United  States  and  Terri- 
torial courts,  425  copies.  To  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  3 copies.  To  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  2 copies.  To  the  Government  Printing  Office,  i copy. 
The  Secretary  of  State  shall  supply  deficiencies  and  offices  newly  created. 

Sec.  8.  That  the  said  printed  copies  of  the  said  acts  of  each  session  and  of  the 
said  bound  copies  of  the  acts  of  each  Congress  shall  be  legal  evidence  of  the  laws 
and  treaties  therein  contained,  in  all  the  courts  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  sev- 
eral States  therein. 

To  be  stereotyped  and  sold  at  cost. — Sec.  9.  That  the  said  laws  of  each  session 
of  Congress  shall  also  be  stereotyped  and  printed  for  sale,  as  provided  in  respect 
to  the  said  Revised  Statutes.  And  the  copies  of  the  said  Revised  Statutes,  and  of 
the  said  laws  of  each  session  of  Congress,  as  issued  from  time  to  time,  shall  be 
respectively  sold  at  the  cost  of  the  paper,  press-work,  and  binding,  with  ten  per 
cent,  thereof  added  thereto,  to  any  person  applying  for  the  same.  And  the  pro- 
ceeds of  all  sales  shall  be  paid  into  the  Treasury. — 20  June,  1874. 

Sec.  9.  * * * That  the  Congressional  Printer  be,  and  he  is  hereby',  directed, 
in  causing  to  be  printed  and  bound  an  edition  of  the  laws  at  the  close  of  the  ses- 
sion for  the  use  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  to  print  the  same 


Government  Printing  Ojfice. 


173 


from  the  stereotype  plates  of  the  edition  prepared  under  the  direction  of  the  De- 
partment of  State,  with  the  index  thereof ; and  so  much  of  the  act  entitled  “An  act 
to  expedite  and  regulate  the  printing  of  public  documents,  and  for  other  purposes,” 
approved  June  25,  1864,  as  requires  the  preparation  of  an  alphabetical  index,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Printing,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  re- 
pealed.— 3 Mar.,  1875. 

SUPPLEMENT  TO  REVISED  STATUTES. 

Resolved,  That  the  Supplement  to  the  Revised  Statutes,  embracing  the  statutes 
general  and  permanent  in  their  nature  passed  after  the  Revised  Statutes,  with  refer- 
ences connecting  provisions  on  the  same  subject,  explanatory  notes,  citations  of 
judicial  decisions,  and  a general  index,  prepared  by  William  A.  Richardson,  be 
stereotyped  at  the  Government  Printing  Office ; and  the  index  and  plates  thereof 
and  all  right  and  title  therein  and  thereto  shall  be  in  and  fully  belong  to  the 
Government  for  its  exclusive  use  and  benefit. 

That  6,357  copies  be  printed,  bound,  and  distributed  as  provided  for  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  Revised  Statutes  by  the  “joint  resolution  providing  for  the  distribution 
and  sale  of  the  new  edilion  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States,”  passed 
May  22,  1878,  and  joint  resolution  passed  December  21,  1878,  and  such  additional 
copies,  on  the  order  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  as  may  be  necessary,  from  time  to 
time,  to  be  kept  for  sale  in  the  same  manner  and  on  like  terms  as  the  Revised 
Statutes  are  required  to  be  kept  for  sale,  and  to  supply  deficiencies  and  offices 
newly  created ; that  for  preparing  and  editing  said  Supplement,  including  indexing 
and  all  clerical  work  necessary  to  fully  complete  said  work,  including  the  legisla- 
tion of  the  Forty-sixth  Congress,  there  shall  be  paid  to  said  editor  the  sum  of 
^5,000;  and  each  Senator  and  Member  of  the  present  Congress  who  would  not 
receive  copies  under  said  joint  resolutions,  shall  receive  the  same  number  of  copies 
as  other  Senators  or  Members  receive  under  the  same.  * * * — 7 June,  1880. 

Those  portions  of  the  acts  referred  to  above,  under  which  the  distri- 
bution of  the  Supplement  to  the  Revised  Statutes  is  to  be  made,  are  as 
follows  : 

Resolved,  That  the  15,000  copies  of  the  new  edition  of  the  first  volume  of  the 
Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States  required  by  the  fourth  section  of  the  “Act  to 
provide  for  the  preparation  and  publication  of  a new  edition  of  the  Revised 
Statutes  of  the  United  States,”  approved  March  2,  1877,  to  be  printed  and  bound, 
shall  be  disposed  of  by  the  Secretary  of  State  as  follows : 

To  the  President  of  the  United  States,  4 copies,  one  of  which  shall  be  for  the 
library  of  the  Executive  Mansion,  and  i copy  for  the  use  of  the  Commissioner  of 
Public  Buildings.  To  the  Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  2 copies.  To  each 
Senator,  Representative,  and  Delegate  in  Congress,  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Senate, 
and  to  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  l copy.  To  the  librarian  of  the 
Senate,  for  the  use  of  Senators,  120  copies.  To  the  librarian  of  the  House,  for  the 
use  of  Representatives  and  Delegates,  410  copies.  To  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States,  for  distribution,  760  copies.  To  the  House  of  Representatives,  for  distribu- 
tion, 2,920  copies.  To  the  Library  of  Congress,  14  copies,  including  4 copies  for 
the  law  library.  To  the  Department  of  State,  for  the  use  of  legations  and 
consulates,  380  copies.  To  the  Treasury  Department,  including  those  for  the  use 
of  officers  of  customs,  280  copies.  To  the  War  Department,  including  5 copies  for 
the  use  of  the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  55  copies.  To  the  Navy  Depart- 


174 


Public  Printing  and  the 

ment,  including  3 copies  for  the  library  of  the  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis,  a 
copy  for  the  library  of  each  navy-yard  in  the  United  States,  a copy  for  the  Brooklyn 
Naval  Lyceum,  and  a copy  for  the  library  of  the  Naval  Institute  at  Charlestown, 
Massachusetts,  70  copies.  To  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  including  those  for 
the  use  of  the  surveyors-general  and-  registers  and  receivers  of  land  offices,  255 
copies.  To  the  Department  of  Justice,  including  those  for  the  use  of  the  Chief  and 
Associate  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  the  judges  and  officers  of  the  United 
States  and  Territorial  courts,  450  copies.  To  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  5 
copies.  To  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  2 copies.  To  the  Government  Printing 
Office,  2 copies.  And  the  Secertary  of  State  shall  supply  deficiencies  and  offices 
newly  created.  And  that  the  residue  of  said  1 5,000  volumes,  together  with  any 
further  number  thereafter  printed  and  bound,  shall,  by  the  Secretary  of  State,  be 
sold  at  the  cost  of  paper,  press-work,  and  binding,  with  10  per  centum  added 
thereto. — 22  May,  1878. 

That  out  of  the  15,000  copies  of  the  new  edition  of  the  first  volume  of  the  Re- 
vised Statutes  of  the  United  States  required  by  the  fourth  section  of  the  “Act  to 
provide  for  the  preparation  and  publication  of  a new  edition  of  the  Revised  Statutes 
of  the  United  States,”  approved  March  2,  1877,  to  be  printed  and  bound,  the  Sec- 
retary of  State  shall  furnish  to  the  Post-Office  Department,  upon  the  requisition  of 
the  Postmaster-General,  not  e.xceeding  250  copies,  for  the  use  of  the  officers  and 
special  agents  of  the  department  and  of  postmasters  at  offices  of  free  delivery. 
— 21  Dec.,  1878. 

EXTRA  COPIES  OF  DOCUMENTS,  HOW  SOLD. 

Sec.  3809.  If  any  person  desiring  extra  copies  of  any  document 
printed  at  the  Government  Printing  Office  by  authority  of  law  shall, 
previous  to  its  being  put  to  press,  notify  the  Congressional  Printer  of 
the  number  of  copies  wanted,  and  shall  pay  to  him,  in  advance,  the 
estimated  cost  thereof,  and  ten  per  centum  thereon,  the  Congressional 
Printer  may,  under  the  direction  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public 
Printing,  furnish  the  same. 

Resolved,  That  the  Public  Printer  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  directed  to  furnish  to  all 
applicants  copies  of  bills,  and  reports,  and  other  public  documents  hereafter  printed 
by  order  of  Congress,  distributed  from  the  Document  rooms  of  the  Senate  and 
House,  on  said  applicants  paying  the  cost  of  such  printing  with  10  per  centum 
added,  and  giving  the  notice  required  by  section  3809  of  title  forW-five  of  the  Re- 
vised Statutes. — 8 May,  1880. 

ANNUAL  REPORTS  IN  MANUSCRIPT. 

When  to  be  delivered.— ?>T£.c.  3810.  The  annual  reports  of  the  execu- 
tive departments  and  the  accompanying  documents  shall  be  delivered 
by  the  printer  to  the  proper  officers  of  each  House  of  Congress  at  the 
first  meeting  thereof;  and  the  President’s  message,  the  reports  of  the 
executive  departments,  and  the  abridgment  of  accompanying  docu- 
ments, shall  be  so  delivered  on  or  before  the  third  Wednesday  in  De- 
cember next  after  the  meeting  of  Congress,  or  as  soon  thereafter  as 
may  be  practicable. 


Government  Printing  Ojfice.  ' 175 

Sec.  196.  The  head  of  each  department,  except  the  Department  of  Justice,  shall 
furnish  to  the  Congressional  Printer  copies  of  the  documents  usually  accompanying 
his  annual  report  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  November  in  each  year,  and  a copy 
of  his  annual  report  on  or  before  the  third  Monday  of  November  in  each  year. — 
Rev.  .Stats. 

Report  on  natio7ial  banks. — Sec.  3811.  When  the  annual  report  of 
the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  upon  the  national  banks  and  banks 
under  State  and  Territorial  laws  is  completed,  or  while  it  is  in  process 
of  completion,  if  thereby  the  business  may  be  sooner  dispatched,  the 
work  of  printing  may  be  commenced,  under  the  superintendence  of 
the  Secretary,  and  the  whole  shall  be  printed  and  ready  for  delivery  on 
or  before  the  first  day  of  December  next  after  the  close  of  the  year  to 
which  the  report  relates. 

Exports  and  impojds. — Sec.  3812.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
shall  furnish  a condensed  statement  of  the  aggregate  amount  of  the  ex- 
ports to  and  the  imports  from  foreign  countries  to  the  Congressional 
Printer  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  November  of  each  year. 

Sec.  265.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  furnish  to  the  Congressional 
Printer,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  November  of  each  year,  the  manuscript,  pre- 
pared for  printing,  of  a condensed  statement  of  the  aggregate  amount  of  the  exports 
and  imports  from  foreign  countries  during  the  preceding  fiscal  year. — Rev.  Stats. 

DOCUMENTS. 

Where  delivered. — Sec.  3813.  The  Congressional  Printer  shall  de- 
liver to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  at  the  room  in  the  Interior  De- 
partment set  apart  for  that  purpose,  all  books  and  documents  directed 
by  law  to  be  printed  for  the  use  of  the  Government,  except  such  as  are 
directed  to  be  printed  for  the  particular  use  of  Congress,  or  of  either 
House  thereof,  or  of  the  President,  or  of  any  of  the  departments. 

ESTIMATES. 

Sec.  3814.  The  Congressional  Printer  shall  prepare  and  submit  to 
the  Register  of  the  Treasury,  annually,  in  time  to  have  the  same  em- 
braced in  the  estimates  from  that  department,  detailed  estimates  of 
the  amount  which  will  be  required  for  salaries,  wages,  engraving, 
lithographing,  binding,  materials,  and  any  other  necessary  expense  of 
said  printing  office  for  the  ensuing  fiscal  year. 

QUARTERLY  ACCOUNT. 

Sec.  3815.  The  Congressional  Printer  shall  render  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  quarterly,  a full  account  of  all  purchases  made  by 
him,  and  of  all  printing  and  binding  done  in  the  Government  Print- 
ing Office  for  each  House  of  Congress  and  for  each  of  the  executive 
and  judicial  departments. 


I 76  Public  Printing  and  the 

ADVANCES  TO  CONGRESSIONAL  PRINTER. 

Sec.  3816.  There  shall  be  advanced  to  the  Congressional  Printer, 
from  time  to  time,  as  the  public  service  may  require  it,  and  under  such 
rules  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  prescribe,  a sum  of  money 
not  exceeding,  at  any  time,  two-thirds  of  the  penalty  of  his  bond,  to 
enable  him  to  pay  for  work  and  material. 

By  the  act  of  July  31,  1876,  the  bond  was  increased  to  $100,000. 

SETTLEMENT  OF  ACCOUNTS. 

Sec.  3817.  The  Congressional  Printer  shall  settle  the  account  of  his 
receipts  and  disbursements  in  the  manner  required  of  other  disbursing 
officers. 

MONEYS  FROM  SALES. 

Sec.  3818.  The  moneys  received  from  sales  of  extra  copies  of  docu- 
ments, and  from  sales  of  paper  shavings  and  imperfections,  shall  be 
deposited  by  the  Congressional  Printer  in  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States,  to  the  credit  of  the  appropriations  for  public  printing,  binding, 
and  paper,  respectively,  as  designated  by  him,  and  shall  be  subject  to 
his  requisition  in  the  manner  prescribed  by  law. 

foremen’s  monthly  statements. 

Sec.  3819.  The  Foremen  of  Printing  and  Binding  shall  make  out 
and  deliver  to  the  Congressional  Printer  monthly  statements  of  the 
work  done  in  their  respective  offices,  together  with  monthly  pay-rolls, 
which  shall  contain  the  names  of  the  persons  employed,  the  rate  of 
compensation  of  and  amount  due  to  each,  and  the  service  for  which  it 
is  due. 

REPORT  TO  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Sec.  3820.  The  Congressional  Printer  shall  keep  a true  account  of 
all  paper  received  from  contractors,  and  of  all  paper  used  in  the  Public 
Printing  Office,  and  shall,  at  the  end  of  each  fiscal  year,  report  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  the  amount  of  each  class  consumed  in  said 
office,  and  the  works  or  publications  in  which  the  same  was  used. 

REPORT  TO  CONGRESS. 

Sec.  3821.  The  Congressional  Printer  shall,  on  the  first  day  of  each 
session,  or  as  soon  thereafter  as  may  be  practicable,  report  to  Congress 
the  exact  condition,  and  the  amount  and  cost  of  the  public  printing, 
binding,  lithographing,  and  engraving ; the  amount  and  cost  of  all 
paper  purchased  for  the  same ; a detailed  statement  of  proposals  made 
and  contracts  entered  into  for  the  purchase  of  paper  and  other  materi- 
als, and  for  lithographing  and  engraving ; of  all  payments  made  dur- 
ing the  preceding  year  under  his  direction  ; of  the  amount  of  work 


Government  Printing  Office. 


177 


ordered  and  done,  with  a general  classification  thereof,  for  each  de- 
partment, and  a detailed  statement  of  each  account  with  the  depart- 
ments or  public  officers ; a detailed  statement  of  the  number  of  hands 
employed  in  the  establishment,  and  the  time  each  has  been  employed  ; 
and  such  further  information,  touching  all  matters  connected  with  the 
Printing  Office,  as  may  be  in  his  possession. 

ESTIMATES  FOR  CONGRESS. 

Sec.  3822.  The  Congressional  Printer  shall  also  submit  to  Congress, 
at  the  beginning  of  each  session,  detailed  estimates  of  the  sums  re- 
quired for  the  support  of  the  Government  Printing  Office. 

OFFICIAL  ADVERTISEMENTS. 

Sec.  3823.  The  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  select 
in  Virginia,  South  Carolina,  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida,  Ala- 
bama, Mississippi,  Louisiana,  Texas,  and  Arkansas,  one  or  more  news- 
papers, not  exceeding  the  number  allowed  by  law,  in  which  such 
treaties  and  laws  of  the  United  States  as  may  be  ordered  for  publica- 
tion in  newspapers  according  to  law  shall  be  published,  and  in  some 
one  or  more  of  which  so  selected  all  such  advertisements  as  may  be 
ordered  for  publication  in  said  districts  by  any  United  States  court  or 
judge  thereof,  or  by  any  officer  of  said  courts,  or  by  any  executive 
officer  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  published,  the  compensation  for 
which,  and  other  terms  of  publication,  shall  be  fixed  by  said  Clerk  at  a 
rate  not  exceeding  two  dollars  per  page  for  the  publication  of  treaties 
and  laws,  and  not  exceeding  one  dollar  per  square  of  eight  lines  of 
space  for  the  publication  of  advertisements,  the  accounts  for  which 
shall  be  adjusted  by  the  proper  accounting  officers,  and  paid  in  the 
manner  now  authorized  by  law  in  the  like  cases. 

Notification  to  heads  of  departments. — Sec.  3824.  The  Clerk  shall 
notify  each  head  of  the  several  executive  departments  and  each  judge 
of  the  United  States  courts  therein  of  the  papers  selected  by  him  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  preceding  section,  and  there- 
after it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  several  executive  officers  charged 
therewith  to  furnish  to  such  selected  papers  only,  an  authentic  copy  of 
the  publications  to  be  made  as  aforesaid  ; and  no  money  appropriated 
shall  be  paid  for  any  publications  or  advertisements  hereafter  to  be 
made  in  said  districts,  nor  shall  any  such  publication  or  advertisement 
be  ordered  by  any  department  or  public  officer  otherwise  than  as  herein 
provided. 

Sec.  3825.  The  rates  fixed  in  section  thirty-eight  hundred  and 
twenty-three  to  be  paid  for  the  publication  of  the  treaties  and  laws  of 
the  United  States  in  the  States  therein  designated  shall  also  be  paid 


178  Public  Printing  a7id  the 

for  the  same  publications  in  all  the  States  not  designated  in  that  sec- 
tion. 

In  what  papers  to  be  printed. — That  all  advertising  required  by  existing  laws  to 
be  done  in  the  District  of  Columbia  by  any  of  the  departments  of  the  Government 
shall  be  given  to  one  daily  and  one  weekly  newspaper  of  each  of  the  two  principal 
political  parties,  and  to  one  daily  and  one  weekly  neutral  newspaper : Provided, 
That  the  rates  of  compensation  for  such  service  shall  in  no  case  exceed  the  regular 
commercial  rate  of  the  newspapers  selected ; nor  shall  any  advertisement  be  paid 
for,  unless  published  in  accordance  with  section  thirty-eight  hundred  and  twenty- 
eight  of  the  Revised  Statutes. 

Sec.  2.  All  laws  or  parts  of  laws  inconsistent  herewith  are  hereby  repealed. — 2i 
Jan.,  1881. 

Sec.  3826.  All  advertisements,  notices,  and  proposals  for  contracts 
for  all  the  executive  departments  of  the  Government,  and  the  laws 
passed  by  Congress  and  executive  proclamations  and  treaties  to  be 
published  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  Maryland,  and  Virginia,  shall 
be  advertised  by  publications  in  the  three  daily  papers  published  in  the 
District  of  Columbia  having  the  largest  circulation,  one  of  which  shall 
be  selected  by  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  in  no 
others.  The  charges  for  such  publications  shall  not  be  higher  than 
such  as  are  paid  by  individuals  for  advertising  in  said  papers,  and  the 
same  publications  shall  be  made  in  each  of  the  said  papers  equally  as  to 
frequency ; Provided,  That  no  advertisement  to  any  State,  district,  or 
Territory,  other  than  the  District  of  Columbia,  Maryland,  or  Virginia, 
shall  be  published  in  the  papers  designated,  unless  at  the  direction  first 
made  of  the  proper  head  of  a department : And  provided  further,  That 
this  section  shall  not  be  construed  to  allow  a greater  compensation  for 
the  publication  of  the  laws  passed  by  Congress  and  executive  procla- 
mations and  treaties  in  the  papers  of  the  District  of  Columbia  than  is 
provided  by  law  for  such  publications  in  other  papers. 

That  hereafter  all  advertisements,  notices,  proposals  for  contracts,  and  all  forms 
of  advertising  required  by  law'  for  the  several  departments  of  the  Government  may 
be  paid  for  at  a price  not  to  exceed  the  commercial  rates  charged  to  private  individ- 
nals,  with  the  usual  discounts;  such  rates  to  be  ascertained  from  sworn  statements 
to  be  furnished  by  the  proprietors  or  publishers  of  the  newspapers  proposing  to  ad- 
vertise : Provided,  That  all  advertising  in  newspapers  since  the  loth  day  of  April, 
1877,  shall  be  audited  and  paid  at  like  rates;  but  the  heads  of  the  several  depart- 
ments may  secure  lower  terms  at  special  rates  whenever  the  public  interest  requires 
it. — 20  June,  1878. 

Note. — By  statute  of  March  3,  1875,  ch.  128,  § i,  vol.  18,  p.  342,  it  is  provided 
“ that  hereafter  the  mail  lettings  for  the  States  of  Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  for  the 
District  of  Columbia,  shall  be  advertised  in  not  more  than  one  newspaper  published 
in  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  at  prices  satisfactory  to  the  Postmaster-General,  not 
exceeding  the  customary  rates  paid  in  the  city  of  Washington  for  ordinary  commer- 
cial advertisements”;  and  so  much  of  this  section  as  refers  to  the  publication  of 


Government  Printing  Office.  1 79 

advertisements  in  newspapers  was  repealed  by  the  act  above  mentioned. — See  Rev. 
Stats.,  ^ 3941. 

Sec.  3827.  No  payment  shall  be  made  to  any  newspaper  published 
in  the  District  of  Columbia  for  advertising  any  other  mail-routes  than 
those  in  Virginia  and  Maryland. 

Publication  of  laws  in  newspapers. — Sec.  79.  After  the  4th  day  of  March> 
1875,  no  money  shall  be  paid  from  the  Treasury  for  the  publication  of  the  laws  in 
newspapers.  — Rev.  Stat. 

No  advertisement  without  authority. — Sec.  3828.  No  advertisement, 
notice,  or  proposals  for  any  executive  department  of  the  Government, 
or  for  any  bureau  thereof,  or  for  any  office  therewith  connected,  shall 
be  published  in  any  newspaper  whatever,  except  in  pursuance  of  a 
written  authority  for  such  publication  from  the  head  of  such  depart- 
ment ; and  no  bill  for  any  such  advertising  or  publication  shall  be  paid, 
unless  there  be  presented  with  such  bill  a copy  of  such  written 
authority. 


MISCELLANEOUS  LAWS  AND  RESOLUTIONS. 

Appropriations,  new  offices,  etc. — Sec.  64.  The  Secretary  of  the 
Senate  and  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  shall,  as  soon  as 
may  be  after  the  close  of  each  session  of  Congress,  prepare  and 
publish  a statement  of  all  appropriations  made  during  the  session,  a 
statement  of  the  new  offices  created  and  the  salaries  attached  to  each, 
and  a statement  of  the  offices  the  salaries  attached  to  which  are 
increased,  and  the  amount  of  such  increase. — Rev.  Stats. 

congressional  record. 

Debates  of  Congress. — Sec.  78.  Until  a contract  for  publishing  the 
debates  of  Congress  is  made,  such  debates  shall  be  printed  by  the 
Congressional  Printer,  under  the  direction  of  the  Joint  Committee  on 
Public  Printing  on  the  part  of  the  Senate. — Rev.  Stats. 

Number  to  be  printed. — That  the  Congressional  Printer  be  directed  to  furnish 
3,100  copies  for  the  use  of  the  Senate,  and  7,250  copies  for  the  use  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  of  the  Congressional  Record,  or  of  any  such  other  like  official 
report  of  the  debates  in  Congress  as  may  be  hereafter  authorized  by  law,  either 
daily,  as  originally  published,  or  in  the  revised  form,  without  binding,  or  in  bound 
volumes,  or  part  in  each  form,  as  each  Senator,  Member,  or  Delegate  receiving  the 
same  may  elect. — Con.  Res.,  4 June,  1874. 

Resolved,  That  the  Congressional  Printer  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  directed  to  keep- 
a separate  and  exact  account  in  detail  of  all  expenditures  for  printing,  mailing,  and 
binding  the  Congressional  Record,  including  specific  statements  of  the  cost  of  all 
machinery  and  material  which  may  have  been  or  shall  be  used  for  publication  of 
said  Record,  commencing  with  its  first  publication  at  the  Government  Printing 
Office;  and  that  he  shall  publish  the  amount  thus  yearly  expended,  in  his  next  sue- 


i8o  Public  Printing  and  the 

ceeding  annual  report,  and  each  succeeding  report,  separately  from  the  other 
disbursements  of  his  office. — 20  June,  1874.  See  Sec.  3760,  and  amendments. 

Postage  on  Record. — Provided,  That  the  postage  on  each  copy  of  the  daily  Con- 
gressional Record  mailed  from  the  city  of  Washington  as  transient  matter  shall  be 
one  cent. — 23  June,  1874. 

Clerk. — For  one  clerk  of  the  first  class,  to  keep  the  accounts  of  the  Congressional 
Record,  as  required  by  joint  resolution  of  Congress. — 23  June,  1874. 

Extracts  from  Congressional  Record. — It  shall  be  lawful  for  the  Congressional 
Printer  to  print  and  deliver,  upon  the  order  of  any  Senator  or  Member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  or  Delegate,  extracts  from  the  Congressional  Record ; 
the  person  ordering  the  same  paying  the  cost  thereof. — 3 Mar.,  1875. 

Distribution. — That  the  Public  Printer  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  and  di- 
rected to  forward,  free  of  charge,  one  copy  of  the  daily  Congressional  Record  to 
each  of  our  legations  abroad  ; commencing  at  the  beginning  of  this  session  and 
continuing  each  day  until  the  fourth  day  of  March,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty- 
one. — yt.  Res.,  18  Dec.,  1880. 

That  the  Public  Printer  be  authorized  to  furnish  the  Chief  Justice  and  each  of  the 
Associate  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  and  the  clerk  and 
marshal  of  the  court,  with  a current  copy  of  the  daily  Congressional  Record,  and 
at  the  end  of  each  session  a bound  copy  of  the  proceedings  of  Congre.ss  for  such 
session.  And  the  Public  Printer  shall  also  furnish  to  the  Official  Reporter  of  the 
Senate  five  bound  copies  of  the  Congressional  Record  for  each  session. — yt.  Res., 
27  Jan.,  1881. 

The  law  of  Feb.  8,  1881,  directs  the  Public  Printer  to  furnish  the  Secretary  of 
the  Senate  and  the  Clerk  of  the  House  with  copies  of  the  Congressional  Record  to 
supply  one  copy  each  to  the  several  National  Soldiers’  Homes  and  their  branches. 

Index.- — That  the  Joint  Committee  on  Printing  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  authorized 
and  directed  to  make  the  necessary  provisions  and  arrangements  for  hereafter  issuing 
the  index  of  the  Congressional  Record  semi-monthly  during  the  sessions  of  Con- 
gress, beginning  with  next  ensuing  session.  That  the  Public  Printer  be,  and  he  is 
hereby,  directed  to  print  and  distribute  the  same  number  of  copies  of  said  semi- 
monthly index  as  he  prints  and  distributes  of  the  daily  issue  of  the  Record,  and  to 
the  same  persons  and  in  the  same  manner.  That  the  Public  Printer  shall  employ 
such  person  to  prepare  said  index  as  shall  be  designated  by  the  Joint  Committee  on 
Printing,  who  shall  also  fix  and  regulate  the  compensation  to  be  paid  by  the  Public 
Printer  for  the  said  work,  and  direct  the  form  and  manner  of  its  publication  : Pro- 
vided, however.  That  the  compensation  allowed  for  preparing  said  semi-monthly 
index,  including  their  compilation  into  a session  index,  shall  not  exceed  the  average 
total  amount  now  allowed  by  the  Joint  Committee  on  Printing  for  compiling  the 
session  index. — yt.  Res.,  8 Feb.,  1881. 

OPINIONS  OF  THE  ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 

Sec.  383.  The  Attorney-General  shall,  from  time  to  time,  cause  to 
be  edited,  and  printed  at  the  Government  Printing  Office,  an  edition 
of  1,000  copies  of  such  of  the  opinions  of  the  law  officers  herein  au- 
thorized to  be  given  as  he  may  deem  valuable  for  preservation  in  vol- 
umes, which  shall  be,  as  to  size,  quality  of  paper,  printing,  and  bind- 
ing, of  uniform  style  and  appearance,  as  nearly  as  practicable,  with 


Government  Printing  Office.  i8i 

volume  eight  of  such  Opinions,  published  by  Robert  Farnham,  in  the 
year  1868.  Each  volume  shall  contain  proper  head-notes,  a complete 
and  full  index,  and  such  foot-notes  as  the  Attorney-General  may  ap- 
prove. Such  volumes  shall  be  distributed  in  such  manner  as  the  At- 
torney-General may  from  time  to  time  prescribe. — -Rev.  Stats. 

A digest  of  the  opinions  of  the  Attorney-General  contained  in  volumes  one  to  six- 
teen is  authorized  by  the  act  of  June  15,  1880. 

ANNUAL  REPORTS  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

Sec.  413.  The  Postmaster-General  shall  make  the  following  annual 
reports  to  Congress : First.  A report  of  all  contracts  for  carrying  the 
mails  made  within  the  preceding  year.  Second.  A report  of  all  land 
and  water  mails  established  or  ordered  within  the  preceding  year, 
other  than  those  let  to  contract  at  the  annual  letting.  Third.  A report 
of  all  allowances  made  to  contractors  within  the  preceding  year  above 
the  sums  originally  stipulated  in  their  respective  contracts,  and  the 
reasons  for  the  same,  and  of  all  orders  made  whereby  additional  ex- 
pense is  incurred  on  any  route  beyond  the  original  contract  price. 
Fourth.  A report  of  all  curtailments  of  expenses  effected  within  the 
preceding  year.  Fifth.  A report  of  the  finances  of  the  department  for 
the  preceding  year.  Sixth.  A report  of  the  fines  imposed  on  and  the 
deductions  from  the  pay  of  contractors  made  during  the  preceding 
year.  Seventh.  A copy  of  each  contract  for  carrying  the  mail  between 
the  United  States  and  foreign  countries.  Eighth.  A report  showing  all 
contracts  which  have  been  made  by  the  department  other  than  for 
carrying  the  mail.  Ninth.  A report  on  the  postal  business  and  agen- 
cies in  foreign  countries.  Tenth.  A report  of  the  amount  expended  in 
the  department  for  the  preceding  fiscal  year.  And  the  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral shall  cause  all  of  such  reports  to  be  printed  at  the  Public  Printing 
Office,  either  together  or  separately,  and  in  such  numbers  as  may  be 
required  by  the  exigencies  of  the  service  or  by  law. — Rev.  Stats. 

COPIES  OF  PATENT  CLAIMS. 

Sec.  489.  The  Commissioner  of  Patents  may  print,  or  cause  to  be 
printed,  copies  of  the  claims  of  current  issues,  and  copies  of  such  laws, 
decisions,  regulations,  and  circulars  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  infor- 
mation of  the  public. — Rev.  Stats. 

specifications  of  patents. 

Sec.  490.  The  Commissioner  of  Patents  is  authorized  to  have  printed 
from  time  to  time,  for  gratuitous  distribution,  not  to  exceed  150  copies 
of  the  complete  specifications  and  drawings  of  each  patent  hereafter 
issued,  together  with  suitable  indexes. — Rev.  Stats. 


i82 


Public  Printing  and  the 


LITHOGRAPHING  AND  ENGRAVING  FOR  PATENT  OFFICE. 

Sec.  492.  The  lithographing  and  engraving  required  by  the  two 
preceding  sections  shall  be  awarded  to  the  lowest  and  best  bidders  for 
the  interests  of  the  Government,  due  regard  being  paid  to  the  execu- 
tion of  the  work,  after  due  advertising  by  the  Congressional  Printer, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Printing;  but  the  Joint 
Committee  on  Printing  may  empower  the  Congressional  Printer  to 
make  immediate  contracts  for  engraving  whenever,  in  their  opinion, 
the  exigencies  of  the  public  service  will  not  justify  waiting  for  adver- 
tisement and  award ; or  if,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Joint  Committee  on 
Printing,  the  work  can  be  performed  under  the  direction  of  the  Com- 
missioner of  Patents  more  advantageously  than  in  the  manner  above 
prescribed,  it  shall  be  so  done,  under  such  limitations  and  conditions 
as  the  Joint  Committee  on  Printing  may  from  time  to  time  prescribe. 
— Rev.  Stats. 

CUSTODY  AND  DISTRIBUTION  OF  PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS. 

Sec.  497.  The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  charged  with  receiving, 
arranging,  and  safe-keeping  for  distribution,  and  of  distributing  to  the 
persons  entitled  by  law  to  receive  the  same,  all  printed  journals  of  the 
two  Houses  of  Congress,  and  all  other  books  or  documents  of  every 
nature  whatever,  already  or  hereafter  directed  by  law  to  be  printed  or 
purchased  for  the  use  of  the  Government,  except  such  as  are  directed 
to  be  printed  or  purchased  for  the  particular  use  of  Congress,  or  of 
either  House  thereof,  or  for  the  particular  use  of  the  Executive  or  of 
any  of  the  departments,  and  any  person  whose  duty  it  shall  be  by  law 
to  deliver  any  of  the  same,  shall  deliver  them  at  the  rooms  assigned  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  therefor. — Rev.  Stats. 

day’s  work. 

Sec.  3738.  Eight  hours  shall  constitute  a day’s  work  for  all  laborers, 
workmen,  and  mechanics  who  may  be  employed  by  or  on  behalf  of  the 
Government  of  the  United  States. — Rev.  Stats. 

LEG.AL  HOLIDAYS. 

Sec.  993.  The  following  days,  namely : The  ist  day  of  January, 
commonly  called  New  Year’s  Day;  the  4th  day  of  July;  the  25th  day 
of  December,  commonly  called  Christmas  Day;  and  any  day  appointed 
or  recommended  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  as  a day  of 
public  fast  or  thanksgiving,  shall  be  holidays  within  the  District,  and 
shall,  for  all  purposes  of  presenting  for  payment  or  acceptance,  for  the 
maturity  and  protest,  and  giving  notice  of  the  dishonor  of  bills  of 
exchange,  bank-checks,  and  promissory  notes,  or  other  negotiable  or 
commercial  paper,  be  treated  and  considered  as  is  the  first  day  of  the 


Government  Printing  Office. 


183 

week,  commonly  called  Sunday,  and  all  notes,  drafts,  checks,  or  other 
commercial  or  negotiable  paper  falling  due  or  maturing  on  either  of 
said  holidays  shall  be  deemed  as  having  matured  on  the  day  previous. 
— 28  June,  1870 — Sec.  993  Rev.  Stat.  relating  to  District  of  Colujutia. 

That  section  993  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States  relat- 
ing to  the  District  of  Columbia  be,  and  the  same  hereby  is,  amended 
by  adding  to  the  days  therein  declared  to  be  holidays  within  the 
District  the  2 2d  day  of  February ; and  such  day  shall  be  a.  holiday  for 
all  the  purposes  mentioned  in  said  section  : Provided,  That  this  act 
shall  not  apply  to  the  22d  day  of  February,  1879. — 3^  1879. 

Resolved,  That  the  employes  of  the  Government  Printing  Office 
shall  be  allowed  the  following  legal  holidays,  with  pay,  to  wit : the  ist 
day  of  January,  the  22d  day  of  February,  the  4th  day  of  July,  the  25th 
day  of  December,  and  such  day  as  may  be  designated  by  the  President 
of  the  United  States  as  a day  of  public  fast  or  thanksgiving  : Provided, 
That  the  said  employes  shall  be  paid  for  these  holidays  only  when  the 
employes  of  the  other  Government  departments  shall  be  so  paid  ; And 
provided  further.  That  nothing  herein  contained  shall  authorize  any 
additional  payment  to  such  employes  as  receive  annual  salaries. — -ft. 
Res.,  16  April,  1880. 

That  all  employes  of  the  Government  in  the  city  of  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia,  shall  be  paid  for  the  fourth  day  of  March 
(Inauguration  Day)  and  the  thirtieth  day  of  May  (Decoration  Day), 
eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-one,  as  for  other  days  on  which  they  per- 
form labor. — ft.  Res.,  3 Mar.,  1881. 

TELEGRAPH  LINES. 

That  the  lines  of  telegraph  connecting  the  Capitol  with  the  various 
departments  in  Washington  * * * be,  and  the  same  are  hereby, 

placed  under  the  supervision  of  the  officer  in  charge  of  the  public 
buildings  and  grounds.  * * * Secretary  or  head  of  each 

executive  department,  and  the  Congressional  Printer,  are  hereby 
authorized  to  detail  one  person  from  their  present  force  of  employes  to 
operate  the  instruments  in  said  departments  and  Printing  Office,  and 
each  House  of  Congress  may  provide  for  the  employment  of  an  oper- 
ator in  their  respective  wings  of  the  Capitol,  at  a compensation  not 
exceeding  ^100  per  month,  during  the  sessions  of  Congress. — 4 Feb., 
1874. 

Provided,  That  said  lines  of  telegraph  shall  be  for  the  use  only  of 
Senators,  Members  of  Congress,  judges  of  the  United  States  courts, 
and  officers  of  Congress  and  of  the  executive  departments,  and  solely 
on  public  business. — 7 Mar.,  1874. 


i84 


Public  Printing  and  the 


POSTAGE  ON  PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS. 

Sec.  13.  That  hereafter  the  postage  on  public  documents  mailed  by 
any  member  of  Congress,  the  President,  or  head  of  any  executive 
department,  shall  be  10  cents  for  each  bound  volume,  and  on  unbound 
documents  the  same  rate  as  that  on  newspapers  mailed  from  a known 
office  of  publication  to  regular  subscribers;  and  the  words  “Public 
Document  ” written  or  printed  thereon,  or  on  the  wrapper  thereof,  and 
certified  by  the  signature  of  any  member  of  Congress,  or  by  that  of  the 
President,  or  head  of  any  executive  department,  shall  be  deemed  a 
sufficient  certificate  that  the  same  is  a public  document ; and  the  term 
“public  document’’  is  hereby  defined  to  be  all  publications  printed 
by  order  of  Congress  or  either  House  thereof.— 23  June,  1874. 

Sec.  5.  That  it  shall  be  lawful  to  transmit  through  the  mail,  free  of 
postage,  any  letters,  packages,  or  other  matters  relating  exclusively  to 
the  business  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States:  Provided,  That 
every  such  letter  or  package,  to  entitle  it  to  pass  free,  shall  bear  over 
the  words  “Official  Business’’  an  indorsement  showing  also  the  name 
of  the  department,  and,  if  from  a bureau  or  office,  the  names  of  the 
department  and  bureau  or  office,  as  the  case  may  be,  whence  trans- 
mitted. And  if  any  person  shall  make  use  of  any  such  official  envelope 
to  avoid  the  payment  of  postage  on  his  private  letter,  package,  or  other 
matter  in  the  mail,  the  person  so  offending  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of 
a misdemeanor,  and  subject  to  a fine  of  S300,  to  be  prosecuted  in  any 
court  of  competent  jurisdiction. — 3 Mar.,  1877. 

Penalty  envelopes. — Sec.  29.  The  provisions  of  the  fifth  and  sixth 
sections  of  the  act  entitled  “An  act  establishing  post-routes,  and  for 
other  purposes,”  approved  March  3,  1877,  for  the  transmission  of  offi- 
cial mail  matter,  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  extended  to  all  officers  of 
the  United  States  Government,  and  made  applicable  to  all  official  mail 
matter  transmitted  between  any  of  the  officers  of  the  United  States,  or 
between  any  such  officer  and  either  of  the  executive  departments  of  the’ 
Government,  the  envelopes  of  such  matter  in  all  cases  to  bear  appro- 
priate indorsements  containing  the  proper  designation  of  the  office 
from  which  the  same  is  transmitted,  with  a statement  of  the  penalty 
for  their  misuse. — 3 Mar.,  1879. 

INDIAN  APPROPRIATIONS. 

A tabular  statement  of  the  items  paid  out  up  to  November  ist  in 
each  year  of  the  appropriations  made  for  the  Indian  Department  for 
the  fiscal  year  previously  ending,  each  item  being  placed  under  the 
appropriation  from  which  it  was  paid,  in  such  manner  as  to  show  the 
disposition  made  of  each  appropriation  and  the  amount  unexpended  of 


i85 


Governmejit  Pj'inting  Qffice. 

each ; also,  the  itemized  statement  of  the  salaries  and  incidental 
expenses  paid  at  each  agency  for  the  said  year,  and  the  appropriations 
out  of  which  paid,  and  the  number  of  Indians  at  each  agency.  * * * 
—3  Mar.,  1875. 

CONTRIBUTIONS  FOR  POLITICAL  PURPOSES. 

Sec.  6.  That  all  executive  officers  or  employes  of  the  United  States 
not  appointed  by  the  President,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  are  prohibited  from  requesting,  giving  to,  or  receiving  from, 
any  other  officer  or  employe  of  the  Government,  any  money  or  prop- 
erty or  other  thing  of  value  for  political  purposes  -;  and  any  such  officer 
or  employe  who  shall  offend  against  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall 
be  at  once  discharged  from  the  service  of  the  United  States;  and  he 
shall  also  be  deemed  guilty  of  a misdemeanor,  and,  on  conviction 
thereof,  shall  be  fined  in  a sum  not  exceeding  ^500. — 15  Aug.,  1876. 

PUBLICATIONS  OF  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 

The  publications  of  the  Geological  Survey  shall  consist  of  the  annual 
report  of  operations,  geological  and  economic  maps  illustrating  the 
resources  and  classification  of  the  lands,  and  reports  upon  general  and 
economic  geology  and  paleontology.  The  annual  report  of  operations 
of  the  Geological  Survey  shall  accompany  the  annual  report  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior.  All  special  memoirs  and  reports  of  said 
Survey  shall  be  issued  in  uniform  quarto  series,  if  deemed  necessary  by 
the  Director,  but  otherwise  in  ordinary  octavos.  Three  thousand 
copies  of  each  shall  be  published  for  scientific  exchanges  and  for  sale 
at  the  price  of  publication  ; and  all  literary  and  cartographic  materials 
received  in  exchange  shall  be  the  property  of  the  United  States,  and 
form  a part  of  the  library  of  the  organization ; and  the  money  resulting 
from  the  sale  of  such  publications  shall  be  covered  into  the  Treasury 
of  the  United  States. — 3 Mar.,  1879. 

NATIONAL  BOARD  OF  HEALTH. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  necessary  printing  of  the  National  Board  of  Health 
be  done  at  the  Government  Printing  Office,  upon  the  requisition  of  the 
secretary  of  the  board,  in  the  same  manner  and  subject  to  the  same 
provisions  as  other  public  printing  for  the  several  departments  of  the 
Government;  Provided,  That  the  cost  of  said  printing  shall  not  exceed 
the  sum  of  ^10,000  per  annum. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  National  Board  of  Health  is  hereby  authorized  and 
empowered  to  have  printed  and  bound  10,000  copies  of  the  report  of 
the  Board  of  Medical  Experts  created  by  former  act  of  Congress,  which 
report  shall  include  the  report  of  Doctors  Bemiss  and  Cochran  and 
Engineer  Hardee  upon  the  yellow-fever  epidemic  of  1878;  6,000  copies 


i86 


Pziblic  Printing  and  the 

of  the  same  to  be  furnished  the  House  of  Representatives,  2,000  copies 
to  the  Senate,  and  the  residue  to  the  National  Board  of  Health : 
Provided,  That  the  cost  of  publication  and  binding  said  report  shall 
not  exceed  the  sum  of  ^7,500.  And  the  said  board  is  hereby  author- 
ized to  pay  Doctors  Bemiss  and  Cochran  and  Engineer  Hardee  $10  per 
day,  for  the  preparation  of  their  said  report,  for  the  period  of  two 
months:  Provided,  That  the  same  shall  be  completed  and  submitted  to 
the  board  within  that  time. — i July,  1879. 

That  there  be  printed  and  bound,  under  the  direction  of  the 
National  Board  of  Health,  6,000  copies  of  its  annual  report,  with 
accompanying  documents,  and  the  board  is  hereby  authorized  to 
expend  from  the  appropriation  heretofore  made  for  its  use  not  to 
exceed  the  sum  of  ^1,500  for  the  preparation  of  illustrations  for  the 
report;  1,500  copies  of  said  report  for  the  use  of  the  Senate;  3,000 
copies  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  1,500  copies  for 
the  use  of  the  National  Board  of  Health. — i Feb.,  1881. 

MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 

That  there  be  printed  at  the  Government  Printing  Office  5,000 
copies  of  the  first  part  of  the  Medical  and  Surgical  History  of  the 
Rebellion,  compiled  by  the  Surgeon-General  under  the  direction  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  and  5,000  copies  of  the  Medical  Statistics  of  the 
Provost-Marshal’s  Bureau,  compiled  and  to  be  completed  by  Surgeon 
J.  H.  Baxter,  as  authorized  by  an  act  of  Congress  approved  July  28, 
1866,  which  also  provides  that  the  editions  of  both  publications  thus 
ordered  shall  be  disposed  of  as  Congress  may  hereafter  direct. — -Jt. 
Res.,  3 Mar.,  1869. 

For  the  purpose  of  preparing  for  publication,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretaiy 
of  War,  and  of  printing  at  the  Government  Printing  Office,  5,000  copies  of  the  first 
volume  of  the  Medical  and  Surgical  History  of  the  Rebellion,  compiled  by  the 
Surgeon-General;  and  for  the  purpose  of  preparing  for  publication_  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  of  printing  at  the  Government  Printing 
Office,  5,000  copies  of  the  Medical  Statistics  of  the  Provost- Marshal-General’s 
Bureau,  compiled  and  to  be  completed  by  Surgeon  J.  H.  Baxter,  $60,000 : Pro- 
vided, That  the  editions  of  both  publications  thus  ordered  shall  be  disposed  of  as 
Congress  may  hereafter  direct : And  provided  fui-ther.  That  the  necessary  engrav- 
ing and  lithographing  for  these  publications  may  be  executed  under  the  direction 
of  the  Secretary  of  W'ar  without  advertisement. — 28  July,  1866 — Stats,  at  L.,  vol. 
14,  p.  310. 

That  of  the  5,000  copies  of  the  Medical  and  Surgical  History  of  the 
War,  authorized  to  be  printed  by  joint  resolution  of  Congress  approved 
March  3,  1869,  2,000  copies  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, 1,000  for  the  Senate,  and  2,000  for  distribution  by  the 
Surgeon-General  of  the  Army. — Con.  Res.,  27  May,  1872. 


Govei'iiment  Printing  Office. 


1S7 

Sec.  2.  That  5,000  copies  each  of  the  second  and  third  volumes  be  printed  and 
bound  by  the  Congressional  Printer,  to  be  distributed,  with  the  first  volume  already 
printed,  as  may  be  hereafter  directed  by  Congress. — 8 June,  1872. 

And  the  Congressional  Printer  is  hereby  authorized  to  print  and 
bind  5,000  additional  copies  of  the  Medical  and  Surgical  History  of 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion;  1,000  of  which  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the 
Senate,  3,000  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  1,000 
for  distribution  by  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army. — 3 Mar.,  1877. 

Note. — June  i,  1881.  10,000  copies  of  Parts  I and  II  of  Volume  2 and  Parts 

I and  II  of  Volume  l have  already  been  printed.  There  remain  yet  to  be  printed 
Part  III  of  Volume  l and  Part  III  of  Volume  2,  as  the  series  will  probably  consist 
of  six  books,  two  volumes  of  three  parts  each.  No  authority  now  exists  for  print- 
ing any  greater  number  of  copies  than  has  been  printed.  Part  III  of  Volume  2 is 
in  hands  of  printer. 

SURVEYS  WEST  OF  THE  lOOTH  MERIDIAN. 

For  engraving  and  printing  the  plates  illustrating  the  Report  of  the 
Geographical  and  Geological  Explorations  and  Surveys  West  of  the 
One-hundredth  Meridian,  to  be  published  in  quarto  form,  the  printing 
and  binding  to  be  done  at  the  Government  Printing  Office,  twenty- 
five  thousand  [thousand]  dollars. — 23  June,  1874. 

That  the  following  distribution  shall  be  made  of  the  Reports  of  the  United 
Stales  Geographical  Surveys  West  of  the  One-hundredth  Meridian,  published 
in  accordance  with  acts  approved  June  23,  1874,  and  February  15,  1875, 
several  volumes  are  issued  from  the  Government  Printing  Office,  to  wit : 950  copies 
of  each  to  the  House  of  Representatives,  250  copies  of  each  to  the  Senate,  and  800 
copies  of  each  to  the  War  Department  for  its  uses. — Jt.  Res.,  4 May,  1876. 

That  the  act  entitled  “An  act  making  appropriations  for  sundry 
civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1875,  for  other  purposes,”  approved  June  23,  1874,  be,  and 
the  same  is  hereby,  amended  by  adding  to  the  clause  of  said  act  relat- 
ing to  the  engraving  and  printing  of  the  plates  illustrating  the  Report 
of  the  Geographical  and  Geological  Explorations  and  Surveys  West  of 
the  One-hundredth  Meridian  the  following  words:  “and  that  2,000 
copies  of  the  report  shall  be  printed  by  the  Congressional  Printer,” 
after  substituting  the  word  “dollars”  in  lieu  of  the  concluding  word 
of  said  clause. — -15  Feb.,  1875. 

OFFICIAL  RECORDS  OF  THE  WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION. 

To  enable  the  Secretary  of  War  to  begin  the  publication  of  the  offi- 
cial Records  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  both  of  the  Union  and  of 
the  Confederate  armies,  the  sum  of  $15,000.  And  the  Secretary  of 
War  is  hereby  directed  to  have  copied  for  the  Public  Printer  all  re- 
ports, letters,  telegrams,  and  general  orders  not  heretofore  copied  or 
printed,  and  properly  arranged  in  chronological  order. — 23  June,  1880. 


I 


88  Public  Printing  and  the 

For  continuing  the  preparation  of  the  publication  of  the  official 
Records  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  both  of  the  Union  and  Con- 
federate armies,  and  for  the  printing  and  binding,  under  direction  of 
the  Secretary  of  War,  of  10,000  copies  of  a compilation  of  the  official 
records.  Union  and  Confederate,  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  so  far  as 
the  same  may  be  ready  for  publication  during  the  fiscal  year,  $40,000 ; 
and  of  said  number  7,000  copies  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  2,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the  Senate,  and  1,000 
copies  for  the  use  of  the  executive  departments ; and  for  the  com- 
pensation of  temporary  clerks  and  other  employes  engaged  thereon, 
the  collection  of  such  Confederate  records  as  may  be  placed  at  the  dis- 
posal of  the  Government  by  gift  or  loan,  for  rent  of  necessary  offices, 
for  fuel,  stationery,  and  incidental  expenses,  $40,490;  and  the  Secre- 
tary of  War  is  authorized  to  negotiate  with  the  legal  representatives  of 
the  late  Confederate  Generals  Bragg  and  Polk  for  the  purchase  of  their 
private  papers  relating  to  the  late  war,  and  said  Secretary  shall  report 
thereon  at  the  next  session  of  Congress. — 16  June,  1880. 

PRINTING  AND  BINDING  FOR  LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS. 

That  the  sum  of  $13,000,  being  the  unexpended  balance  of  the  sum 
appropriated  by  the  act  approved  December  15,  1877,  printing  and 
binding  for  the  Library  of  Congress,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  re- 
appropriated,  and  may  be  expended  for  completing  the  new  General 
Catalogue  of  the  Library  now  in  progress. — 20  June,  1880. 

ACTS  OF  CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS. 

That  there  be  printed  at  the  Government  Printing  Office,  for  the 
use  of  Congress,  5,000  copies  of  the  resolves,  ordinances,  and  acts  of 
the  Continental  Congress  and  the  Congress  of  the  Confederation  of  the 
United  States;  1,500  copies  for  the  use  of  the  Senate,  3,000  copies  for 
the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  500  copies  for  the  use  of 
the  executive  departments. 

Sec.  2.  That  said  resolves,  ordinances,  and  acts  shall  be  taken  from 
the  journals  and  printed  with  a proper  index,  under  the  supervision  of 
the  Librarian  of  Congress. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  sum  of  $1,000,  or  so  much  thereof  as  maybe  neces- 
sary, is  hereby  appropriated,  out  of  any  money  in  the  Treasury  not 
otherwise  appropriated,  to  defray  the  expense  of  making  such  work 
and  index ; the  same  to  be  disbursed  under  the  direction  of  the  Joint 
Committee  on  the  Library. — 3 Mar.,  1877. 

Hayden’s  publications. 

Vols.  4 and  12. — That  there  be  printed  at  the  Government  Printing 
Office  3,000  copies  each  of  Volumes  IV  and  XII  of  the  final  reports  of 


GovernvieJit  Prmting  Office. 


189 


the  Geological  and  Geographical  Survey  of  the  Territories,  in  quarto 
form,  with  the  necessary  illustrations,  1,500  copies  of  which  shall  be  for 
the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  500  for  the  use  of  the  Senate, 
500  for  the  use  of  the  Survey,  and  500  for  the  use  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution ; the  illustrations  to  be  made  by  the  Public  Printer,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing.— Res., 
18  June,  1878. 

Twelfth  Annual  Repo7-f. — That  there  be  printed  10,000  copies  of 
Professor  Hayden’s  Twelfth  Annual  Report  of  the  Geological  and  Geo- 
graphical Survey  of  the  Territories  for  1878;  5,000  of  which  shall  be 
for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  2,000  copies  for  the  use  of 
the  Senate,  2,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior, 
and  1,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the  office  of  the  Survey. — Con.  Res.,  20 
Dec.,  1878. 

Vbls.  3,  8,  and  13.— That  there  be  printed  at  the  Government  Print- 
ing Office  3,000  copies  each  of  volumes  3,  8,  and  13  of  the  final  reports 
of  the  Geological  and  Geographical  Survey  of  the  Territories,  in  quarto 
form,  with  the  necessary  illustrations;  1,500  copies  of  which  shall  be 
for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  750  for  the  use  of  the 
Senate,  375  for  the  use  of  the  Survey,  and  375  for  the  use  of  the  De- 
partment of  the  Interior ; the  illustrations  to  be  made  by  the  Public 
Printer,  under  the  direction  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Print- 
ing.— Con.  Res.,  25  Jan.,  1879. 

Atlas  of  Colorado. — That  whenever  the  proper  officer  having  charge 
thereof  shall  have  received  a sufficient  number  of  orders  for  Professor 
Hayden’s  Atlas  of  Colorado,  accompanied  by  the  cost  price  thereof 
with  10  per  cent,  additional,  to  warrant,  in  his  opinion,  the  expense 
of  putting  the  plates  to  press,  he  shall  cause  an  edition  thereof  to  be 
published  : Provided,  however.  That  the  number  thus  printed  shall  in 
no  case  exceed  the  number  actually  ordered  and  paid  for  in  advance 
of  said  publication.— db-’z.  Res.,  7 Feb.,  1879. 

That  the  Public  Printer  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  directed  to  furnish 
3,000  copies  of  the  Atlas  of  Colorado  by  F.  V.  Hayden  : Provided, 
The  same  can  be  supplied  in  sheets  in  every  way  equal  in  style  and 
quality  to  the  edition  published  by  order  of  the  Department  of  the  In- 
terior, for  a sum  not  exceeding  three  dollars  and  fifty  cents  per  copy : 
And  provided  also.  That  the  necessary  corrections  be  made  in  the  same 
up  to  date ; 800  copies  of  which  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  Senate, 
1,515  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  685  for  the 
use  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior.  And  the  sum  of  ^10,500  is 
hereby  appropriated  for  the  purposes  of  this  resolution. — ft.  Res.,  9 
Feb.,  1881. 


I 90  Public  Printing  and  the 

Vols.  3,  4,  8,  12,  and  13. — That  there  be  printed  at  the  Government 
Printing  Office,  for  the  use  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  1,500 
copies  each  of  volumes  4 and  12,  and  1,200  copies  each  of  volumes  3, 
8,  and  13  of  the  final  reports  of  the  Geological  and  Geographical  Sur- 
vey of  the  Territories,  in  quarto  torm,  with  the  necessary  illustrations, 
uniform  with  the  edition  ordered  by  Congress. — Con.  Res.,  20  Mar., 
1880. 

Col.  14. — That  there  be  printed  at  the  Government  Printing  Office, 
with  the  necessary  illustrations,  5,000  copies  of  the  Report  on  Zoology, 
being  volume  14  of  the  final  reports  of  the  United  States  Geological 
Survey  of  the  Territories,  by  F.  V.  Hayden;  2,800  copies  of  which 
shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  1,200  for  the  use 
of  the  Senate,  and  1,000  for  the  Department  of  the  Interior. — Con. 
Res.,  17  April,  1880. 

powell’s  publications. 

Vol.  2,  Klamath  Indians. — That  there  be  printed  at  the  Government 
Printing  Office  3,000  copies  of  the  Report  of  the  Geographical  and 
Geological  Survey  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Region,  being  volume  2, 
Contributions  to  North  American  Ethnology,  in  quarto  form;  1,500 
copies  of  which  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
750  for  the  use  of  the  Senate,  375  for  the  use  of  the  Survey,  and  375 
for  the  use  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. — Con.  Res.,  25  Jan. ,1879. 

Vol.  3,  High  Plateaus  of  Utah. — That  there  be  printed  at  the  Gov- 
ernment Printing  Office  3,000  copies  of  the  Report  of  the  Geographical 
and  Geological  Survey  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Region,  relating  to  the 
Geology  of  the  High  Plateaus  of  Utah,  in  quarto  form,  with  the  neces- 
sary illustrations  and  charts;  1,500  copies  of  which  shall  be  for  the  use 
of  the  House  of  Representatives,  750  for  the  use  of  the  Senate,  375  for 
the  use  of  the  Survey,  and  375  for  the  use  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion ; the  illustrations  and  charts  to  be  made  by  the  Public  Printer, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing. — Con. 
Res.,  25  Jan.,  1879. 

Vol.  2,  Hen)-y  Mountains. — That  there  be  printed  at  the  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office  5,000  copies  of  volume  2 of  the  geological  series 
of  the  reports  of  the  Geographical  and  Geological  Survey  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  Region,  entitled  The  Geology  of  the  Henry  Mount- 
ains, with  the  necessary  illustrations  and  charts ; 3,000  copies  of 
which  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  1,000  for 
the  use  of  the  Senate,  500  for  the  use  of  the  Department  of  the  Inter- 
ior, and  500  for  the  use  of  the  Survey ; the  illustrations  and  charts  to 
be  made  by  the  Public  Printer,  under  the  direction  of  the  Joint  Com- 
mittee on  Public  Printing. — 20  June,  1879. 


Government  Printing  Office.  191 

Vol.  4,  Black  Hills  of  Dakota. — That  there  be  printed  at  the 
Government  Printing  Office  2,000  copies  of  volume  4 of  the  geological 
series  of  the  reports  of  the  Geographical  and  Geological  Survey  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  Region,  entitled  Geology  of  the  Black  Hills  of 
Dakota,  with  the  necessary  illustrations  and  charts;  1,000  copies  of 
which  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  500  for  the 
use  of  the  Senate,  and  500  for  the  use  of  the  Department  of  the 
Interior ; the  illustrations  and  charts  to  be  made  by  the  Public  Printer, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing. — Con. 
Res.,  24  June,  1879. 

Vols.  4 a>id  5. — That  there  be  printed  at  the  Government  Printing 
Office  5,000  copies  each  of  volumes  4 and  5,  Contributions  to  North 
American  Ethnology,  uniform  with  the  preceding  volumes  of  the 
series,  and  with  the  necessary  illustrations;  3,000  copies  of  which  shall 
be  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  1,000  for  the  use  of  the 
Senate,  and  1,000  for  distribution  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution. — 
Con.  Res.,  7 May,  1880. 

Vols.  6,  7,  8,  9,  and  10. — -That  there  be  printed  at  the  Government 
Printing  Office  6,000  copies  each  of  volumes  6,  7,  8,  9,  and  10  of  the 
Contributions  to  North  American  Ethnology,  uniform  with  the  preced- 
ing volumes  of  the  series,  and  with  the  necessary  illustrations ; 3,030 
copies  of  which  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
1,000  for  the  use  of  the  Senate,  and  1,970  for  distribution  by  the 
Bureau  of  Ethnology. — Con.  Res.,  2 Mar.,  1881. 

First  A7inual  Report,  Bureau  of  Ethnology. — That  there  be  printed 
at  the  Government  Printing  Office  15,000  copies  of  the  annual  report 
of  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion, with  the  necessary  illustrations ; 7,000  copies  of  which  shall  be 
for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  3,000  copies  for  the  use 
of  the  Senate,  and  5,000  for  distribution  by  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion.— Con.  Res.,  15  June,  1880. 

Secofid  and  Thhd  Annual  Reports,  Bureau  of  Ethnology. — That 
there  be  printed  at  the  Government  Printing  Office  15,000  copies 
each  of  the  second  and  third  annual  reports  of  the  Director  of 
the  Bureau  of  Ethnology  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  with  the 
necessary  illustrations;  7,272  copies  of  which  shall  be  for  the  use  of 
the  House  of  Representatives,  3,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the  Senate, 
and  4,728  for  distribution  by  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology. — Con.  Res., 
19  Eeb.,  1881. 

REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER  OF  FISH  AND  FISHERIES. 

That  there  be  printed  10,000  extra  copies  of  the  Report  of  the  Com- 
missioner of  Eish  and  Eisheries  for  the  year  1879  ! G which  2,000  shall 


192 


Public  Printing  and  the 

be  for  the  use  of  the  Senate,  6,000  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, and  1,500  for  the  use  of  the  Commissioner  of  Fish  and 
Fisheries ; the  illustrations  to  be  made  by  the  Public  Printer,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing;  and  500  copies 
for  sale  by  the  Public  Printer,  under  such  regulations  as  the  Joint 
Committee  on  Printing  may  prescribe,  at  a price  equal  to  the  addi- 
tional cost  of  publication  and  10  per  cent,  thereon  added. — Con.  Res., 
I June,  1880. 

That  the  Public  Printer  be,  and  he  hereby  is,  instructed  to  print  and 
stereotype,  from  time  to  time,  the  regular  number  of  1,900  copies 
of  any  matter  furnished  him  by  the  United  States  Commissioner 
of  Fish  and  Fisheries  relative  to  new  observations,  discoveries,  and 
applications  connected  with  fish-culture  and  the  fisheries,  to  be  capa- 
ble of  being  distributed  in  parts,  and  the  whole  to  form  an  annual 
volume  or  bulletin  not  exceeding  500  pages.  The  edition  of  said 
annual  work  shall  consist  of  5,000  copies,  of  which  2,500  shall  be  for 
the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  1,000  for  the  use  of  the  Sen- 
ate, and  1,500  for  the  use  of  the  Commissioner  of  Fish  and  Fisheries. 
— ft.  Res.,  14  Feb.,  1881. 

REPORTS  OF  ENTOMOLOGICAL  COMMISSION. 

That  there  be  printed,  with  necessary  illustrations,  at  the  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office,  10,000  copies  of  the  second  report  of  the  United 
States  Entomological  Commission  on  the  Rocky  Mountain  Locust  and 
other  Injurious  Insects;  5,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the  House,  3,000 
copies  for  the  use  of  the  Senate,  and  2,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the 
Commission.  — Con.  Res.,  20  Mar.,  1880. 

That  there  be  printed  at  the  Government  Printing  Office,  with 
necessary  illustrations,  30,000  copies  of  the  third  report  of  the  United 
States  Entomological  Commission  ; 7,000  copies  thereof  for  the  use  of 
the  Senate;  20,907  for  the  use  of  the  House,  and  2,093  for  the 
Interior  Department. — -Jt.  Res.,  26  Feb.,  1881. 

AMERICAN  EPHEMERIS  AND  NAUTICAL  .A.LMANAC. 

That  there  shall  be  printed  annually  at  the  Government  Printing 
Office  1,500  copies  of  the  American  Ephemeris  and  Nautical  Almanac 
and  of  the  papers  supplementary  thereto;  of  which  100  shall  be  for 
the  use  of  the  Senate,  400  for  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  1,000 
for  the  public  service,  to  be  distributed  by  the  Navy  Department. 

Sec.  2.  That  additional  copies  of  the  Ephemeris  and  of  the  Nautical 
Almanac  extracted  therefrom  may  be  ordered  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  for  sale  : Provided,  That  all  moneys  received  from  such  sale 
shall  be  deposited  in  the  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  the  appropriation 
for  public  printing. — -p.  Res.,  ii  Feb.,  1880. 


Government  Printing  Office. 


193 


COAST  SURVEY  REPORTS. 

1878.  — That  there  be  printed  1,500  extra  copies  of  the  Report  of 
Carliie  P.  Patterson,  Superintendent  of  the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Sur- 
vey, showing  the  progress  made  in  said  survey  during  the  year  ending 
June  30,  1878,  for  distribution  by  said  Superintendent. — Con.  Res.,  3 
Mar.,  1879. 

1879.  — That  there  be  printed  3,000  extra  copies  of  the  Report  of  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  for  the  year  ending 
June  30,  1879,  for  distribution  by  the  said  Superintendent. — Con. 
Res.,  29  May,  1880. 

Jefferson’s  desk. 

That  there  be  printed  10,000  copies  of  the  proceedings  of  the  two 
houses  of  Congress  upon  the  presentation  to  the  United  States  by  J. 
Randolph  Coolidge  and  others  of  the  desk  upon  which  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son wrote  the  Declaration  of  Independence ; 7,000  copies  to  be  for  the 
use  of  the  House  of  Representatives  and  3,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the 
Senate. — Con.  Res.,  7 May,  1880. 

diseases  of  swine. 

That  there  be  printed  50,000  copies  of  special  report  number  thirty- 
four  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  containing  the  reports  of  the 
veterinary  surgeons  appointed  to  investigate  diseases  of  swine  and  in- 
fectious and  contagious  diseases  incident  to  other  classes  of  domesti- 
cated animals;  of  which  30,300  copies  shall  be  printed  for  the  use  of 
members  of  the  House,  12,000  copies  for  the  use  of  members  of  the 
Senate,  and  7,700  copies  for  the  use  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agricul- 
ture.— -Jt.  Res.,  14  Feb.,  1881. 

Trichince  in  Swine. — Resolved,  That  there  be  printed  at  the  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office  for  the  use  of  the  Senate  4,300  copies  of  the  letter 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  transmitting,  in  response  to  a resolu- 
tion of  the  Senate,  copies  of  all  documents  touching  upon  trichinae  in 
swine. — S.  Res.,  10  May,  1881. 

REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER  OF  EDUCATION. 

That  of  the  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Education  for  eighteen 
hundred  and  eighty  there  be  printed  four  thousand  copies  for  the  use 
of  the  Senate,  eight  thousand  one  hundred  and  eighty-one  copies  for 
the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  twelve  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  nineteen  copies  for  distribution  by  the  Commissioner. — 
Jt.  Res.,  23  Feb.,  1881. 

OPERATIONS  OF  LIFE-SAVING  SERVICE. 

That  there  be  printed  six  thousand  copies  of  the  report  of  the  oper- 
ations of  the  United  States  Life-Saving  Service  for  the  year  ending 

13 


194 


Public  Printing  and  the 

June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty,  without  the  accompanying 
tables  (except  the  one  showing  the  location  of  stations),  and  with- 
out the  accompanying  reports  on  wreck  ordnance,  for  distribution 
among  the  officers  of  our  merchant  marine,  through  the  collectors  of 
customs,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. — Jt. 
Res.,  23  Feb.,  1881. 

REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

That  there  be  printed  three  hundred  thousand  copies  of  the  Annual 
Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  for  the  year  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  eighty ; two  hundred  and  fourteen  thousand  copies  for  the 
use  of  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  fifty-six  thousand 
copies  for  the  use  of  members  of  the  Senate,  and  thirty  thousand  copies 
for  the  use  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture. — -Jt.  Res.,  2 Mar.,  1881. 

LATE  HON.  E.  W.  FARR. 

That  there  be  printed  twelve  thousand  copies  of  the  memorial  ad- 
dresses delivered  in  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  upon  the 
life  and  character  of  Honorable  Evarts  W.  Farr,  late  a Representative 
from  the  State  of  New  Hampshire,  together  with  a portrait  of  the 
deceased  ; nine  thousand  copies  thereof  for  the  use  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  and  three  thousand  copies  for  the  use  of  the  Senate. 
And  a sum  sufficient  to  defray  the  expense  of  preparing  and  printing 
the  portrait  of  the  deceased  for  the  publication  herein  provided  for  is 
hereby  appropriated  out  of  any  moneys  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise 
appropriated.— y/.  Res.,  3 Mar.,  1881. 

REPORT  OF  DIRECTOR  OF  THE  MINT. 

That  fifteen  thousand  copies  of  the  report  of  the  Director  of  the 
Mint  on  the  annual  production  of  gold  and  silver  in  the  United  States 
be  printed ; eight  thousand  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
three  thousand  for  the  use  of  the  Senate,  and  four  thousand  for  the  use 
of  the  Treasury  Department. — -Jt.  Res.,  3 Mar.,  1881. 

ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  SIGNAL  OFFICER. 

That  there  be  printed  for  distribution  by  the  War  Department 
10,000  extra  copies  of  the  annual  report  of  the  Chief  Signal  Officer. for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1880. — Con.  Res.,  3 Mar.,  1881. 

TRANSPORTATION  ROUTES  TO  SEABOARD. 

For  printing  an  edition  of  five  thousand  copies  of  the  first  volume 
of  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Transportation  Routes  to  the  Sea- 
board in  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-four,  four  thousand  dollars  j 
two  thousand  copies  for  the  use  of  the  Senate,  and  three  thousand 
copies  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives. — Act  of  March 
3,  1881. 


Government  Printing  Office. 


195 


REPORT  ON  YELLOW  FEVER. 

That  500  copies  of  the  report  on  yellow  fever  on  the  United  States 
ship  of  war  Plymouth,  in  1878-79,  prepared  under  the  direction  of 
the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Navy,  be  printed  and  bound  for  the  use 
of  the  Senate. — S.  Res.,  5 gan.,  1881. 

REPORT  OF  SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION. 

That  15,560  copies  of  the  report  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  for 
the  year  1880  be  printed ; 2,500  copies  of  which  shall  be  for  the  use 
of  the  Senate,  6,060  for  the  use  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and 
7,000  copies  for  the  use  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. — Con.  Res., 
25  Jan.,  1881. 

REPORT  ON  THE  COTTON  WORM. 

That  there  be  printed  at  the  Government  Printing  Office  30,000 
copies  of  the  second  revised  edition,  with  necessary  illustrations,  of 
Bulletin  No.  3 of  the  United  States  Entomological  Commission,  being 
a report  on  the  cotton  and  boll  tvorms,  with  means  of  counteracting 
their  ravages;  10,000  copies  thereof  for  the  use  of  the  Senate,  18,180 
for  the  use  of  the  House,  and  1,820  for  the  Interior  Department. — Con. 
Res.,  27  Jan.,  1881. 

CONSULAR  REPORTS  ON  COMMERCE,  MANUFACTURES,  ETC. 

That  there  be  printed  and  bound  in  one  volume  50,000  copies  of  the 
three  numbers  issued  by  the  State  Department  of  Reports  from  the 
consuls  of  the  United  States  on  the  commerce  and  manufactures,  etc., 
of  their  consular  districts;  35,000  of  which  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the 
members  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  15,000  for  the  use  of 
the  Senate. — Con.  Res.,  23  Feb.,  1881. 

APPROPRIATIONS  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  PRINTING,  ETC. 

For  compensation  of  the  Public  Printer,  three  thousand  six  hundred 
dollars ; for  chief  clerk,  two  thousand  dollars ; three  clerks  of  class 
four ; one  clerk  of  class  two  ; one  clerk  of  class  one ; in  all,  thirteen 
thousand  six  hundred  dollars. 

For  contingent  expenses  of  his  office,  namely : For  stationery, 
postage,  advertising,  traveling  expenses,  horses  and  wagons,  and 
miscellaneous  items,  two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars. — Act  oj March 
3,  1881. 

To  supply  deficiency  in  the  appropriation  for  public  printing,  for  the 
public  binding,  and  for  paper  for  the  public  printing,  including  the 
cost  of  printing  the  debates  and  proceedings  of  Congress  in  the  Con- 
gressional  Record,  and  for  lithographing,  mapping,  and  engraving  for 
both  houses  of  Congress,  Supreme  Court,  Court  of  Claims,  Library  of 
Congress,  and  departments,  and  for  all  necessary  materials  which  may 


196  Public  Planting  and  Government  Printing  Office. 

be  needed  in  the  prosecution  of  said  wort,  four  hundred  thousand 
dollars. 

To  enable  the  Public  Printer  to  pay  for  a hired  horse  lost  while  in 
the  use  of  the  Government  Printing  Office,  through  the  fault  of  the 
driver,  one  of  the  employes  of  said  office,  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars. 

To  pay  for  the  use  of  telephones  during  the  fiscal  year  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  eighty,  ten  dollars  and  eighty-four  cents. 

To  pay  the  Public  Printer  balance  due  for  printing  for  the  Public 
Lands  Commission,  under  the  act  of  June  sixteenth,  eighteen  hundred 
and  eighty,  four  thousand  four  hundred  and  fifty-six  dollars  and 
twenty-six  cents. — Act  of  March  3,  1881. 

For  the  public  printing,  for  the  public  binding,  and  for  paper  for 
the  public  printing,  including  the  cost  of  printing  the  debates  and  pro- 
ceedings of  Congress  in  the  Congressional  Record,  and  for  lithograph- 
ing, mapping,  and  engraving  for  both  houses  of  Congress,  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  the  supreme  court  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  the  Court  of  Claims,  the  Library  of  Congress,  and  the 
departments,  and  for  all  the  necessary  materials  which  may  be  needed 
in  the  prosecution  of  the  work,  one  million  seven  hundred  thousand 
dollars ; and  from  the  said  sum  hereby  appropriated,  printing  and 
binding  may  be  done  by  the  Public  Printer  to  the  amounts  following, 
respectively,  namely : 

For  printing  and  binding  for  Congress,  including  the  proceedings 
and  debates,  eight  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars ; for  the  State 
Department,  fifteen  thousand  dollars ; for  the  Treasury  Department, 
two  hundred  and  ten  thousand  dollars ; for  the  War  Department,  one 
hundred  and  twenty  thousand  dollars ; for  the  Navy  Department,  fifty 
thousand  dollars ; for  the  Interior  Department,  two  hundred  and 
twenty  thousand  dollars ; for  the  Department  of  Justice,  ten  thousand 
dollars ; for  the  Post-Office  Department,  one  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 
sand dollars;  for  the  Agricultural  Department,  eleven  thousand  dollars; 
for  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  thirty-four  thousand 
dollars ; for  the  supreme  court  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  one  thou- 
sand dollars ; for  the  Court  of  Claims,  ten  thousand  dollars ; and  for 
the  Library  of  Congress,  nineteen  thousand  dollars. — Act  of  March  3, 
1881. 


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